@article {584,
	title = {Fibrinolytic activation markers predict myocardial infarction in the elderly. The Cardiovascular Health Study.},
	journal = {Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol},
	volume = {19},
	year = {1999},
	month = {1999 Mar},
	pages = {493-8},
	abstract = {<p>Coagulation factor levels predict arterial thrombosis in epidemiological studies, but studies of older persons are needed. We studied 3 plasma antigenic markers of fibrinolysis, viz, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), fibrin fragment D-dimer, and plasmin-antiplasmin complex (PAP) for the prediction of arterial thrombosis in healthy elderly persons over age 65. The study was a nested case-control study in the Cardiovascular Health Study cohort of 5201 men and women >/=65 years of age who were enrolled from 1989 to 1990. Cases were 146 participants without baseline clinical vascular disease who developed myocardial infarction, angina, or coronary death during a follow-up of 2.4 years. Controls remained free of cardiovascular events and were matched 1:1 to cases with respect to sex, duration of follow-up, and baseline subclinical vascular disease status. With increasing quartile of D-dimer and PAP levels but not of PAI-1, there was an independent increased risk of myocardial infarction or coronary death, but not of angina. The relative risk for D-dimer above versus below the median value (>/=120 microg/L) was 2.5 (95\% confidence interval, 1.1 to 5.9) and for PAP above the median (>/=5.25 nmol/L), 3.1 (1.3 to 7.7). Risks were independent of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen concentrations. There were no differences in risk by sex or presence of baseline subclinical disease. D-dimer and PAP, but not PAI-1, predicted future myocardial infarction in men and women over age 65. Relationships were independent of other risk factors, including inflammation markers. Results indicate a major role for these markers in identifying a high risk of arterial disease in this age group.</p>},
	keywords = {Age Factors, Aged, Angina Pectoris, Biomarkers, Female, Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products, Fibrinolysin, Fibrinolysis, Follow-Up Studies, Heart Arrest, Humans, Male, Myocardial Infarction, Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1, Risk Factors},
	issn = {1079-5642},
	doi = {10.1161/01.atv.19.3.493},
	author = {Cushman, M and Lemaitre, R N and Kuller, L H and Psaty, B M and Macy, E M and Sharrett, A R and Tracy, R P}
}
