@article {8554,
	title = {{Genome-wide meta-analysis of 241,258 adults accounting for smoking behaviour identifies novel loci for obesity traits},
	journal = {Nat Commun},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2017},
	month = {04},
	pages = {14977},
	abstract = {Few genome-wide association studies (GWAS) account for environmental exposures, like smoking, potentially impacting the overall trait variance when investigating the genetic contribution to obesity-related traits. Here, we use GWAS data from 51,080 current smokers and 190,178 nonsmokers (87\% European descent) to identify loci influencing BMI and central adiposity, measured as waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio both adjusted for BMI. We identify 23 novel genetic loci, and 9 loci with convincing evidence of gene-smoking interaction (GxSMK) on obesity-related traits. We show consistent direction of effect for all identified loci and significance for 18 novel and for 5 interaction loci in an independent study sample. These loci highlight novel biological functions, including response to oxidative stress, addictive behaviour, and regulatory functions emphasizing the importance of accounting for environment in genetic analyses. Our results suggest that tobacco smoking may alter the genetic susceptibility to overall adiposity and body fat distribution.},
	author = {Justice, A. E. and Winkler, T. W. and Feitosa, M. F. and Graff, M. and Fisher, V. A. and Young, K. and Barata, L. and Deng, X. and Czajkowski, J. and Hadley, D. and Ngwa, J. S. and Ahluwalia, T. S. and Chu, A. Y. and Heard-Costa, N. L. and Lim, E. and Perez, J. and Eicher, J. D. and Kutalik, Z. and Xue, L. and Mahajan, A. and Renstr?m, F. and Wu, J. and Qi, Q. and Ahmad, S. and Alfred, T. and Amin, N. and Bielak, L. F. and Bonnefond, A. and Bragg, J. and Cadby, G. and Chittani, M. and Coggeshall, S. and Corre, T. and Direk, N. and Eriksson, J. and Fischer, K. and Gorski, M. and Neergaard Harder, M. and Horikoshi, M. and Huang, T. and Huffman, J. E. and Jackson, A. U. and Justesen, J. M. and Kanoni, S. and Kinnunen, L. and Kleber, M. E. and Komulainen, P. and Kumari, M. and Lim, U. and Luan, J. and Lyytik?inen, L. P. and Mangino, M. and Manichaikul, A. and Marten, J. and Middelberg, R. P. S. and M?ller-Nurasyid, M. and Navarro, P. and P?russe, L. and Pervjakova, N. and Sarti, C. and Smith, A. V. and Smith, J. A. and Stan??kov?, A. and Strawbridge, R. J. and Stringham, H. M. and Sung, Y. J. and Tanaka, T. and Teumer, A. and Trompet, S. and van der Laan, S. W. and van der Most, P. J. and Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, J. V. and Vedantam, S. L. and Verweij, N. and Vink, J. M. and Vitart, V. and Wu, Y. and Yengo, L. and Zhang, W. and Hua Zhao, J. and Zimmermann, M. E. and Zubair, N. and Abecasis, G. R. and Adair, L. S. and Afaq, S. and Afzal, U. and Bakker, S. J. L. and Bartz, T. M. and Beilby, J. and Bergman, R. N. and Bergmann, S. and Biffar, R. and Blangero, J. and Boerwinkle, E. and Bonnycastle, L. L. and Bottinger, E. and Braga, D. and Buckley, B. M. and Buyske, S. and Campbell, H. and Chambers, J. C. and Collins, F. S. and Curran, J. E. and de Borst, G. J. and de Craen, A. J. M. and de Geus, E. J. C. and Dedoussis, G. and Delgado, G. E. and den Ruijter, H. M. and Eiriksdottir, G. and Eriksson, A. L. and Esko, T. and Faul, J. D. and Ford, I. and Forrester, T. and Gertow, K. and Gigante, B. and Glorioso, N. and Gong, J. and Grallert, H. and Grammer, T. B. and Grarup, N. and Haitjema, S. and Hallmans, G. and Hamsten, A. and Hansen, T. and Harris, T. B. and Hartman, C. A. and Hassinen, M. and Hastie, N. D. and Heath, A. C. and Hernandez, D. and Hindorff, L. and Hocking, L. J. and Hollensted, M. and Holmen, O. L. and Homuth, G. and Jan Hottenga, J. and Huang, J. and Hung, J. and Hutri-K?h?nen, N. and Ingelsson, E. and James, A. L. and Jansson, J. O. and Jarvelin, M. R. and Jhun, M. A. and J?rgensen, M. E. and Juonala, M. and K?h?nen, M. and Karlsson, M. and Koistinen, H. A. and Kolcic, I. and Kolovou, G. and Kooperberg, C. and Kr?mer, B. K. and Kuusisto, J. and Kval?y, K. and Lakka, T. A. and Langenberg, C. and Launer, L. J. and Leander, K. and Lee, N. R. and Lind, L. and Lindgren, C. M. and Linneberg, A. and Lobbens, S. and Loh, M. and Lorentzon, M. and Luben, R. and Lubke, G. and Ludolph-Donislawski, A. and Lupoli, S. and Madden, P. A. F. and M?nnikk?, R. and Marques-Vidal, P. and Martin, N. G. and McKenzie, C. A. and McKnight, B. and Mellstr?m, D. and Menni, C. and Montgomery, G. W. and Musk, A. B. and Narisu, N. and Nauck, M. and Nolte, I. M. and Oldehinkel, A. J. and Olden, M. and Ong, K. K. and Padmanabhan, S. and Peyser, P. A. and Pisinger, C. and Porteous, D. J. and Raitakari, O. T. and Rankinen, T. and Rao, D. C. and Rasmussen-Torvik, L. J. and Rawal, R. and Rice, T. and Ridker, P. M. and Rose, L. M. and Bien, S. A. and Rudan, I. and Sanna, S. and Sarzynski, M. A. and Sattar, N. and Savonen, K. and Schlessinger, D. and Scholtens, S. and Schurmann, C. and Scott, R. A. and Sennblad, B. and Siemelink, M. A. and Silbernagel, G. and Slagboom, P. E. and Snieder, H. and Staessen, J. A. and Stott, D. J. and Swertz, M. A. and Swift, A. J. and Taylor, K. D. and Tayo, B. O. and Thorand, B. and Thuillier, D. and Tuomilehto, J. and Uitterlinden, A. G. and Vandenput, L. and Vohl, M. C. and V?lzke, H. and Vonk, J. M. and Waeber, G. and Waldenberger, M. and Westendorp, R. G. J. and Wild, S. and Willemsen, G. and Wolffenbuttel, B. H. R. and Wong, A. and Wright, A. F. and Zhao, W. and Zillikens, M. C. and Baldassarre, D. and Balkau, B. and Bandinelli, S. and B?ger, C. A. and Boomsma, D. I. and Bouchard, C. and Bruinenberg, M. and Chasman, D. I. and Chen, Y. D. and Chines, P. S. and Cooper, R. S. and Cucca, F. and Cusi, D. and Faire, U. and Ferrucci, L. and Franks, P. W. and Froguel, P. and Gordon-Larsen, P. and Grabe, H. J. and Gudnason, V. and Haiman, C. A. and Hayward, C. and Hveem, K. and Johnson, A. D. and Wouter Jukema, J. and Kardia, S. L. R. and Kivimaki, M. and Kooner, J. S. and Kuh, D. and Laakso, M. and Lehtim?ki, T. and Marchand, L. L. and M?rz, W. and McCarthy, M. I. and Metspalu, A. and Morris, A. P. and Ohlsson, C. and Palmer, L. J. and Pasterkamp, G. and Pedersen, O. and Peters, A. and Peters, U. and Polasek, O. and Psaty, B. M. and Qi, L. and Rauramaa, R. and Smith, B. H. and S?rensen, T. I. A. and Strauch, K. and Tiemeier, H. and Tremoli, E. and van der Harst, P. and Vestergaard, H. and Vollenweider, P. and Wareham, N. J. and Weir, D. R. and Whitfield, J. B. and Wilson, J. F. and Tyrrell, J. and Frayling, T. M. and Barroso, I. and Boehnke, M. and Deloukas, P. and Fox, C. S. and Hirschhorn, J. N. and Hunter, D. J. and Spector, T. D. and Strachan, D. P. and van Duijn, C. M. and Heid, I. M. and Mohlke, K. L. and Marchini, J. and Loos, R. J. F. and Kilpel?inen, T. O. and Liu, C. T. and Borecki, I. B. and North, K. E. and Cupples, L. A.}
}
@article {8536,
	title = {{Dairy Consumption and Body Mass Index Among Adults: Mendelian Randomization Analysis of 184802 Individuals from 25 Studies},
	journal = {Clin Chem},
	volume = {64},
	year = {2018},
	month = {01},
	pages = {183{\textendash}191},
	abstract = {Associations between dairy intake and body mass index (BMI) have been inconsistently observed in epidemiological studies, and the causal relationship remains ill defined.\ We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using an established dairy intake-associated genetic polymorphism located upstream of the lactase gene (LCT-13910 C/T, rs4988235) as an instrumental variable (IV). Linear regression models were fitted to analyze associations between (a) dairy intake and BMI, (b) rs4988235 and dairy intake, and (c) rs4988235 and BMI in each study. The causal effect of dairy intake on BMI was quantified by IV estimators among 184802 participants from 25 studies.\ Higher dairy intake was associated with higher BMI ({\^I}{\texttwosuperior} = 0.03 kg/m2 per serving/day; 95\% CI, 0.00-0.06; P = 0.04), whereas the LCT genotype with 1 or 2 T allele was significantly associated with 0.20 (95\% CI, 0.14-0.25) serving/day higher dairy intake (P = 3.15 {\~A}{\textemdash} 10-12) and 0.12 (95\% CI, 0.06-0.17) kg/m2 higher BMI (P = 2.11 {\~A}{\textemdash} 10-5). MR analysis showed that the genetically determined higher dairy intake was significantly associated with higher BMI ({\^I}{\texttwosuperior} = 0.60 kg/m2 per serving/day; 95\% CI, 0.27-0.92; P = 3.0 {\~A}{\textemdash} 10-4).\ The present study provides strong evidence to support a causal effect of higher dairy intake on increased BMI among adults.},
	author = {Huang, T. and Ding, M. and Bergholdt, H. K. M. and Wang, T. and Heianza, Y. and Sun, D. and Frazier-Wood, A. C. and Aslibekyan, S. and North, K. E. and Voortman, T. and Graff, M. and Smith, C. E. and Lai, C. Q. and Varbo, A. and Lemaitre, R. N. and de Jonge, M. E. A. L. and Fumeron, F. and Corella, D. and Wang, C. A. and Tj?nneland, A. and Overvad, K. and S?rensen, T. I. A. and Feitosa, M. F. and Wojczynski, M. K. and K?h?nen, M. and Renstr?m, F. and Psaty, B. M. and Siscovick, D. S. and Barroso, I. and Johansson, I. and Hernandez, D. and Ferrucci, L. and Bandinelli, S. and Linneberg, A. and Zillikens, M. C. and Sandholt, C. H. and Pedersen, O. and Hansen, T. and Schulz, C. A. and Sonestedt, E. and Orho-Melander, M. and Chen, T. A. and Rotter, J. I. and Allison, M. A. and Rich, S. S. and Sorl?, J. V. and Coltell, O. and Pennell, C. E. and Eastwood, P. and Hofman, A. and Uitterlinden, A. G. and van Rooij, F. J. A. and Chu, A. Y. and Rose, L. M. and Ridker, P. M. and Viikari, J. and Raitakari, O. and Lehtim?ki, T. and Mikkil?, V. and Willett, W. C. and Wang, Y. and Tucker, K. L. and Ordovas, J. M. and Kilpel?inen, T. O. and Province, M. A. and Franks, P. W. and Arnett, D. K. and Tanaka, T. and Toft, U. and Ericson, U. and Franco, O. H. and Mozaffarian, D. and Hu, F. B. and Chasman, D. I. and Nordestgaard, B. G. and Ellervik, C. and Qi, L.}
}
@article {8281,
	title = {{A multi-ancestry genome-wide study incorporating gene-smoking interactions identifies multiple new loci for pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure},
	journal = {Hum. Mol. Genet.},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Apr},
	abstract = {Elevated blood pressure (BP), a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, is influenced by both genetic and lifestyle factors. Cigarette smoking is one such lifestyle factor. Across five ancestries, we performed a genome-wide gene-smoking interaction study of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP) in 129 913 individuals in stage 1 and follow-up analysis in 480 178 additional individuals in stage 2. We report here 136 loci significantly associated with MAP and/or PP. Of these, 61 were previously published through main-effect analysis of BP traits, 37 were recently reported by us for systolic BP and/or diastolic BP through gene-smoking interaction analysis and 38 were newly identified (P < 5 {\~A}{\textemdash} 10-8, false discovery rate < 0.05). We also identified nine new signals near known loci. Of the 136 loci, 8 showed significant interaction with smoking status. They include CSMD1 previously reported for insulin resistance and BP in the spontaneously hypertensive rats. Many of the 38 new loci show biologic plausibility for a role in BP regulation. SLC26A7 encodes a chloride/bicarbonate exchanger expressed in the renal outer medullary collecting duct. AVPR1A is widely expressed, including in vascular smooth muscle cells, kidney, myocardium and brain. FHAD1 is a long non-coding RNA overexpressed in heart failure. TMEM51 was associated with contractile function in cardiomyocytes. CASP9 plays a central role in cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Identified only in African ancestry were 30 novel loci. Our findings highlight the value of multi-ancestry investigations, particularly in studies of interaction with lifestyle factors, where genomic and lifestyle differences may contribute to novel findings.},
	author = {Sung, Y. J. and de Las Fuentes, L. and Winkler, T. W. and Chasman, D. I. and Bentley, A. R. and Kraja, A. T. and Ntalla, I. and Warren, H. R. and Guo, X. and Schwander, K. and Manning, A. K. and Brown, M. R. and Aschard, H. and Feitosa, M. F. and Franceschini, N. and Lu, Y. and Cheng, C. Y. and Sim, X. and Vojinovic, D. and Marten, J. and Musani, S. K. and Kilpel?inen, T. O. and Richard, M. A. and Aslibekyan, S. and Bartz, T. M. and Dorajoo, R. and Li, C. and Liu, Y. and Rankinen, T. and Smith, A. V. and Tajuddin, S. M. and Tayo, B. O. and Zhao, W. and Zhou, Y. and Matoba, N. and Sofer, T. and Alver, M. and Amini, M. and Boissel, M. and Chai, J. F. and Chen, X. and Divers, J. and Gandin, I. and Gao, C. and Giulianini, F. and Goel, A. and Harris, S. E. and Hartwig, F. P. and He, M. and Horimoto, A. R. V. R. and Hsu, F. C. and Jackson, A. U. and Kammerer, C. M. and Kasturiratne, A. and Komulainen, P. and K?hnel, B. and Leander, K. and Lee, W. J. and Lin, K. H. and Luan, J. and Lyytik?inen, L. P. and McKenzie, C. A. and Nelson, C. P. and Noordam, R. and Scott, R. A. and Sheu, W. H. H. and Stan??kov?, A. and Takeuchi, F. and van der Most, P. J. and Varga, T. V. and Waken, R. J. and Wang, H. and Wang, Y. and Ware, E. B. and Weiss, S. and Wen, W. and Yanek, L. R. and Zhang, W. and Zhao, J. H. and Afaq, S. and Alfred, T. and Amin, N. and Arking, D. E. and Aung, T. and Barr, R. G. and Bielak, L. F. and Boerwinkle, E. and Bottinger, E. P. and Braund, P. S. and Brody, J. A. and Broeckel, U. and Cade, B. and Campbell, A. and Canouil, M. and Chakravarti, A. and Cocca, M. and Collins, F. S. and Connell, J. M. and de Mutsert, R. and de Silva, H. J. and D?rr, M. and Duan, Q. and Eaton, C. B. and Ehret, G. and Evangelou, E. and Faul, J. D. and Forouhi, N. G. and Franco, O. H. and Friedlander, Y. and Gao, H. and Gigante, B. and Gu, C. C. and Gupta, P. and Hagenaars, S. P. and Harris, T. B. and He, J. and Heikkinen, S. and Heng, C. K. and Hofman, A. and Howard, B. V. and Hunt, S. C. and Irvin, M. R. and Jia, Y. and Katsuya, T. and Kaufman, J. and Kerrison, N. D. and Khor, C. C. and Koh, W. P. and Koistinen, H. A. and Kooperberg, C. B. and Krieger, J. E. and Kubo, M. and Kutalik, Z. and Kuusisto, J. and Lakka, T. A. and Langefeld, C. D. and Langenberg, C. and Launer, L. J. and Lee, J. H. and Lehne, B. and Levy, D. and Lewis, C. E. and Li, Y. and Lim, S. H. and Liu, C. T. and Liu, J. and Liu, J. and Liu, Y. and Loh, M. and Lohman, K. K. and Louie, T. and M?gi, R. and Matsuda, K. and Meitinger, T. and Metspalu, A. and Milani, L. and Momozawa, Y. and Mosley, T. H. and Nalls, M. A. and Nasri, U. and O{\textquoteright}Connell, J. R. and Ogunniyi, A. and Palmas, W. R. and Palmer, N. D. and Pankow, J. S. and Pedersen, N. L. and Peters, A. and Peyser, P. A. and Polasek, O. and Porteous, D. and Raitakari, O. T. and Renstr?m, F. and Rice, T. K. and Ridker, P. M. and Robino, A. and Robinson, J. G. and Rose, L. M. and Rudan, I. and Sabanayagam, C. and Salako, B. L. and Sandow, K. and Schmidt, C. O. and Schreiner, P. J. and Scott, W. R. and Sever, P. and Sims, M. and Sitlani, C. M. and Smith, B. H. and Smith, J. A. and Snieder, H. and Starr, J. M. and Strauch, K. and Tang, H. and Taylor, K. D. and Teo, Y. Y. and Tham, Y. C. and Uitterlinden, A. G. and Waldenberger, M. and Wang, L. and Wang, Y. X. and Wei, W. B. and Wilson, G. and Wojczynski, M. K. and Xiang, Y. B. and Yao, J. and Yuan, J. M. and Zonderman, A. B. and Becker, D. M. and Boehnke, M. and Bowden, D. W. and Chambers, J. C. and Chen, Y. I. and Weir, D. R. and de Faire, U. and Deary, I. J. and Esko, T. and Farrall, M. and Forrester, T. and Freedman, B. I. and Froguel, P. and Gasparini, P. and Gieger, C. and Horta, B. L. and Hung, Y. J. and Jonas, J. B. and Kato, N. and Kooner, J. S. and Laakso, M. and Lehtim?ki, T. and Liang, K. W. and Magnusson, P. K. E. and Oldehinkel, A. J. and Pereira, A. C. and Perls, T. and Rauramaa, R. and Redline, S. and Rettig, R. and Samani, N. J. and Scott, J. and Shu, X. O. and van der Harst, P. and Wagenknecht, L. E. and Wareham, N. J. and Watkins, H. and Wickremasinghe, A. R. and Wu, T. and Kamatani, Y. and Laurie, C. C. and Bouchard, C. and Cooper, R. S. and Evans, M. K. and Gudnason, V. and Hixson, J. and Kardia, S. L. R. and Kritchevsky, S. B. and Psaty, B. M. and van Dam, R. M. and Arnett, D. K. and Mook-Kanamori, D. O. and Fornage, M. and Fox, E. R. and Hayward, C. and van Duijn, C. M. and Tai, E. S. and Wong, T. Y. and Loos, R. J. F. and Reiner, A. P. and Rotimi, C. N. and Bierut, L. J. and Zhu, X. and Cupples, L. A. and Province, M. A. and Rotter, J. I. and Franks, P. W. and Rice, K. and Elliott, P. and Caulfield, M. J. and Gauderman, W. J. and Munroe, P. B. and Rao, D. C. and Morrison, A. C.}
}
@article {8523,
	title = {{Quality of dietary fat and genetic risk of type 2 diabetes: individual participant data meta-analysis},
	journal = {BMJ},
	volume = {366},
	year = {2019},
	month = {07},
	pages = {l4292},
	abstract = {{To investigate whether the genetic burden of type 2 diabetes modifies the association between the quality of dietary fat and the incidence of type 2 diabetes.\ Individual participant data meta-analysis.\ Eligible prospective cohort studies were systematically sourced from studies published between January 1970 and February 2017 through electronic searches in major medical databases (Medline, Embase, and Scopus) and discussion with investigators.\ Data from cohort studies or multicohort consortia with available genome-wide genetic data and information about the quality of dietary fat and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in participants of European descent was sought. Prospective cohorts that had accrued five or more years of follow-up were included. The type 2 diabetes genetic risk profile was characterized by a 68-variant polygenic risk score weighted by published effect sizes. Diet was recorded by using validated cohort-specific dietary assessment tools. Outcome measures were summary adjusted hazard ratios of incident type 2 diabetes for polygenic risk score, isocaloric replacement of carbohydrate (refined starch and sugars) with types of fat, and the interaction of types of fat with polygenic risk score.\ Of 102 305 participants from 15 prospective cohort studies, 20 015 type 2 diabetes cases were documented after a median follow-up of 12 years (interquartile range 9.4-14.2). The hazard ratio of type 2 diabetes per increment of 10 risk alleles in the polygenic risk score was 1.64 (95\% confidence interval 1.54 to 1.75},
	author = {Merino, J. and Guasch-Ferr?, M. and Ellervik, C. and Dashti, H. S. and Sharp, S. J. and Wu, P. and Overvad, K. and Sarnowski, C. and Kuokkanen, M. and Lemaitre, R. N. and Justice, A. E. and Ericson, U. and Braun, K. V. E. and Mahendran, Y. and Frazier-Wood, A. C. and Sun, D. and Chu, A. Y. and Tanaka, T. and Luan, J. and Hong, J. and Tj?nneland, A. and Ding, M. and Lundqvist, A. and Mukamal, K. and Rohde, R. and Schulz, C. A. and Franco, O. H. and Grarup, N. and Chen, Y. I. and Bazzano, L. and Franks, P. W. and Buring, J. E. and Langenberg, C. and Liu, C. T. and Hansen, T. and Jensen, M. K. and S??ksj?rvi, K. and Psaty, B. M. and Young, K. L. and Hindy, G. and Sandholt, C. H. and Ridker, P. M. and Ordovas, J. M. and Meigs, J. B. and Pedersen, O. and Kraft, P. and Perola, M. and North, K. E. and Orho-Melander, M. and Voortman, T. and Toft, U. and Rotter, J. I. and Qi, L. and Forouhi, N. G. and Mozaffarian, D. and S?rensen, T. I. A. and Stampfer, M. J. and M?nnist?, S. and Selvin, E. and Imamura, F. and Salomaa, V. and Hu, F. B. and Wareham, N. J. and Dupuis, J. and Smith, C. E. and Kilpel?inen, T. O. and Chasman, D. I. and Florez, J. C.}
}
