@article {1437,
	title = {Correlates of blood pressure in community-dwelling older adults. The Cardiovascular Health Study. Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) Collaborative Research Group.},
	journal = {Hypertension},
	volume = {23},
	year = {1994},
	month = {1994 Jan},
	pages = {59-67},
	abstract = {<p>Although elevated blood pressure is an important predictor of cardiovascular disease and stroke in the elderly, little information exists on the distribution and risk factor correlates of blood pressure in this group. As part of the Cardiovascular Health Study, a population-based cohort study of 5201 men and women aged 65 to 101 years, we investigated correlates of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Multiple regression analyses were conducted for all participants and a subgroup of 2482 without coronary heart disease and not on antihypertensive therapy (the "healthier" subgroup). In the total group, independent predictors of diastolic blood pressure included heart rate, aortic root dimension, creatinine, hematocrit, alcohol use, and black race (positive associations) and internal carotid artery wall thickness, mitral early/late peak flow velocity, white blood cell count, cigarette smoking, and age (negative associations). Positive predictors of systolic blood pressure included mitral late peak flow velocity, left ventricular mass, common carotid artery wall thickness, serum albumin, factor VII, diabetes, alcohol use, and age; negative predictors were coronary heart disease, uric acid, height, and smoking. In the healthier subgroup, positive predictors of diastolic blood pressure included heart rate, hematocrit, serum albumin, creatinine, and body weight, whereas mitral early/late peak flow velocity, serum potassium, smoking, and age inversely related to diastolic pressure. For the same group, common carotid artery wall thickness, left ventricular mass, serum albumin, factor VII, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and age were directly related to systolic blood pressure, whereas serum potassium was inversely related. Both systolic and diastolic pressures varied considerably by geographic site.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)</p>},
	keywords = {Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Blood Pressure, Cohort Studies, Coronary Disease, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular, Male, Regression Analysis, United States},
	issn = {0194-911X},
	author = {Tell, G S and Rutan, G H and Kronmal, R A and Bild, D E and Polak, J F and Wong, N D and Borhani, N O}
}
@article {1480,
	title = {Left ventricular mass in the elderly. The Cardiovascular Health Study.},
	journal = {Hypertension},
	volume = {29},
	year = {1997},
	month = {1997 May},
	pages = {1095-103},
	abstract = {<p>Left ventricular (LV) mass, as estimated from M-mode echocardiography (echo), has previously been shown to be an independent predictor of incident cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. We evaluated the relationship at baseline of echo LV mass to relevant cardiovascular disease risk factors and other potential covariates in the Cardiovascular Health Study, multicenter study sponsored by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of 5201 men and women aged 65 years or older (mean, 73). Two-dimensionally directed M-mode echo LV mass measurements could be obtained in 1357 men and 2053 women (66\% of this elderly cohort). Stepwise linear regression analyses of the relationship of echo LV mass to demographic and risk factor, physical activity, electrocardiographic, and prevalent disease variables resulted in a model that explained 37\% of the variance for the entire cohort. In order of decreasing importance, factors positively associated with echo LV mass were body weight, male sex, systolic pressure, presence of congestive heart failure, present smoking, major and minor electrocardiographic abnormalities, treatment for hypertension, valvular heart disease, aortic regurgitation by color Doppler, and mitral regurgitation by color Doppler (in men) whereas diastolic pressure, bioresistance (a measure of adiposity), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were inversely related to echo LV mass. Although height and weight were both related to LV mass, height added nothing once weight was entered in multiple linear regression analyses. Furthermore, in the multiple regression models, diastolic pressure was inversely and systolic BP positively related to LV mass, with similar magnitudes for their coefficients. In consonance with these findings, pulse pressure was positively related to LV mass in bivariate analyses. Multiple linear regression analyses explained less of the variance for ventricular septal thickness (R2 = .13) and LV posterior wall thickness (R2 = .14) than for LV mass (R2 = .37) and LV diastolic dimension (R2 = .27). Intriguing findings in the elderly Cardiovascular Health Study cohort included the presence of pulse pressure as a positive correlate, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol as an inverse correlate, of LV mass. Longitudinal studies in the Cardiovascular Health Study cohort will help to clarify the importance of demographic, risk factor, and other variables, and changes in these variables, in predicting changes in echo LV mass and its components as well as the prognostic significance of LV mass in the elderly.</p>},
	keywords = {Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Blood Pressure, Body Weight, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cohort Studies, Echocardiography, Female, Humans, Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular, Male, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Ventricular Function, Left},
	issn = {0194-911X},
	author = {Gardin, J M and Arnold, A and Gottdiener, J S and Wong, N D and Fried, L P and Klopfenstein, H S and O{\textquoteright}Leary, D H and Tracy, R and Kronmal, R}
}
