@article {684, title = {A prospective study of venous thromboembolism in relation to factor V Leiden and related factors.}, journal = {Blood}, volume = {99}, year = {2002}, month = {2002 Apr 15}, pages = {2720-5}, abstract = {

The aim of this study was to examine the occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in relation to factor V-related risk factors. Using a nested case-control design combining 2 population-based prospective studies, we measured factor V Leiden, HR2 haplotype, activated protein C (APC) resistance, and plasma factor V antigen in 335 participants who developed VTE during 8 years of follow-up and 688 controls. The overall odds ratio (OR) of VTE was 3.67 (95\% CI, 2.20-6.12) in participants carrying factor V Leiden compared with noncarriers. APC resistance measured after predilution with factor V-deficient plasma conferred an OR of 2.58 (95\% CI, 1.62-4.10). All 3 participants homozygous for the HR2 haplotype had a VTE, and the OR of VTE for homozygosity was estimated to be 5.5 (95\% CI, 2.45-12.5). Carriers of the HR2 haplotype otherwise were not at increased risk of VTE overall (OR = 1.05; 95\% CI, 0.64-1.72), but double heterozygotes for HR2 and factor V Leiden carried an OR of idiopathic VTE of 16.3 (95\% CI, 1.7-159) compared with noncarriers. Factor V antigen also was not associated with VTE overall, but for participants with the combination of high factor V antigen plus factor V Leiden the OR of idiopathic VTE was 11.5 (95\% CI, 4.2-31.4). In the general population, APC resistance and factor V Leiden were important VTE risk factors; homozygosity for the HR2 haplotype may be a risk factor but was rare; otherwise, HR2 haplotype and factor V antigen were not risk factors except in carriers of factor V Leiden.

}, keywords = {Activated Protein C Resistance, Aged, Cohort Studies, Continental Population Groups, Factor V, Genotype, Haplotypes, Humans, Incidence, Longitudinal Studies, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Thromboembolism, Venous Thrombosis}, issn = {0006-4971}, doi = {10.1182/blood.v99.8.2720}, author = {Folsom, Aaron R and Cushman, Mary and Tsai, Michael Y and Aleksic, Nena and Heckbert, Susan R and Boland, Lori L and Tsai, Albert W and Yanez, N David and Rosamond, Wayne D} } @article {672, title = {A regression model for longitudinal change in the presence of measurement error.}, journal = {Ann Epidemiol}, volume = {12}, year = {2002}, month = {2002 Jan}, pages = {34-8}, abstract = {

PURPOSE: The analysis of change in measured variables has become quite popular in studies where data are collected repeatedly over time. The authors describe some of the potential pitfalls in the analysis of change when the variable for change is measured with error. They show that regression analysis is often biased, possibly leading to erroneous results.

METHODS: A simple method to correct for measurement error bias in regression models that model change is presented.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The two examples illustrate how measurement error can adversely affect an analysis. The bias-corrected approach yields valid results.

}, keywords = {Aged, Bias, Coronary Disease, Humans, Lipoproteins, Models, Statistical, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors}, issn = {1047-2797}, doi = {10.1016/s1047-2797(01)00280-0}, author = {Yanez, N David and Kronmal, Richard A and Shemanski, Lynn R and Psaty, Bruce M} } @article {726, title = {Serum homocysteine, thermolabile variant of methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), and venous thromboembolism: Longitudinal Investigation of Thromboembolism Etiology (LITE).}, journal = {Am J Hematol}, volume = {72}, year = {2003}, month = {2003 Mar}, pages = {192-200}, abstract = {

We sought to examine prospectively the association of serum homocysteine and the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T gene polymorphism with risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). We studied these relationships in a nested case-control study of 303 VTE cases and 635 matched controls from a population-based cohort of 21,680 adults from six U.S. communities. The highest quintile of serum homocysteine carried a non-statistically significant adjusted odds ratio of 1.55 (95\% CI, 0.93-2.58) compared to the lowest quintile in the overall cohort but a significant association among adults aged 45-64 years (OR = 2.05, 95\% CI, 1.10-3.83) and an inverse association in those > or = 65 years of age. Carriers of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism were not at higher risk for VTE than those with normal genotype (OR = 0.74, 95\% CI = 0.56-0.98). Our prospective data showed, at most, a weak relationship between homocysteine and VTE risk, with associations larger among younger participants. MTHFR C677T was not a risk factor for VTE.

}, keywords = {Aged, Aging, Animals, Case-Control Studies, Cohort Studies, Factor V, Female, Genotype, Homocysteine, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2), Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors, Polymorphism, Genetic, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Venous Thrombosis}, issn = {0361-8609}, doi = {10.1002/ajh.10287}, author = {Tsai, Albert W and Cushman, Mary and Tsai, Michael Y and Heckbert, Susan R and Rosamond, Wayne D and Aleksic, Nena and Yanez, N David and Psaty, Bruce M and Folsom, Aaron R} } @article {936, title = {Inflammation biomarkers and near-term death in older men.}, journal = {Am J Epidemiol}, volume = {165}, year = {2007}, month = {2007 Mar 15}, pages = {684-95}, abstract = {

Associations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen with death may weaken over time. Combining both markers may improve prediction of death in older adults. In 5,828 Cardiovascular Health Study participants (United States, 1989-2000), 383 deaths (183 cardiovascular disease (CVD)) in years 1-3 (early) and 914 deaths (396 CVD) in years 4-8 (late) occurred. For men, when comparing highest to lowest quartiles, hazard ratios for early death were 4.1 (95\% confidence interval (CI): 2.7, 6.3) for CRP and 4.1 (95\% CI: 2.7, 6.4) for fibrinogen in models adjusted for CVD risk. For early CVD death, hazard ratios were 4.3 (95\% CI: 2.2, 8.4) and 3.4 (95\% CI: 1.8, 6.3), respectively. When comparing men in the highest quartiles of both biomarkers with those in the lowest, hazard ratios were 9.6 (95\% CI: 4.3, 21.1) for early death and 13.5 (95\% CI: 3.2, 56.5) for early CVD death. Associations were weaker for late deaths. For women, CRP (hazard ratio = 2.3, 95\% CI: 1.4, 3.9), but not fibrinogen (hazard ratio = 1.3, 95\% CI: 0.8, 2.2), was associated with early death. Results were similar for CVD death. Neither was associated with late deaths. CRP and fibrinogen were more strongly associated with death in older men than women and more strongly associated with early than late death. Combining both markers may identify older men at greatest risk of near-term death.

}, keywords = {Age Distribution, Aged, Biomarkers, C-Reactive Protein, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Complications, Epidemiologic Studies, Female, Fibrinogen, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Hypercholesterolemia, Hypertension, Inflammation, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Population Surveillance, Predictive Value of Tests, Prognosis, Proportional Hazards Models, Risk Factors, Sex Distribution, Smoking, Time Factors, United States}, issn = {0002-9262}, doi = {10.1093/aje/kwk057}, author = {Jenny, Nancy Swords and Yanez, N David and Psaty, Bruce M and Kuller, Lewis H and Hirsch, Calvin H and Tracy, Russell P} } @article {1146, title = {Sibling history of myocardial infarction or stroke and risk of cardiovascular disease in the elderly: the Cardiovascular Health Study.}, journal = {Ann Epidemiol}, volume = {19}, year = {2009}, month = {2009 Dec}, pages = {858-66}, abstract = {

PURPOSE: To assess the relationship between sibling history of myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and risk factors in older adults.

METHODS: Prospective cohort study of 5,888 older adults participating in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). History of MI and stroke in siblings was obtained by self-report. Participants with positive sibling histories were compared to those with negative histories to determine if prevalent or incident disease (coronary heart disease [CHD], MI, stroke, angina), subclinical CVD (carotid wall thickness, left ventricular mass, hypertension, diabetes, ankle-brachial index), CVD risk factors differed between groups.

RESULTS: More than 91\% (n = 5,383) of CHS participants reported at least one sibling. Sibling history of MI was associated with increased disease prevalence (CHD, MI, angina) and incidence (CHD, angina). Sibling history of stroke was associated with increased disease prevalence (CHD, angina). Sibling history of either MI or stroke was associated with increased disease prevalence and incidence for CHD, MI and angina, more subclinical disease, and a higher CVD risk profile.

CONCLUSIONS: Sibling history of MI and stroke were markers of higher CVD risk status even in older adults. Of clinical importance, participants with positive sibling history have numerous risk factors amenable to intervention.

}, keywords = {Aged, Atherosclerosis, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Incidence, Male, Myocardial Infarction, Odds Ratio, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Siblings, Stroke, United States}, issn = {1873-2585}, doi = {10.1016/j.annepidem.2009.07.095}, author = {Yanez, N David and Burke, Gregory L and Manolio, Teri and Gardin, Julius M and Polak, Joseph} }