@article {696, title = {Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of lipoproteins and risk of coronary heart disease in the cardiovascular health study.}, journal = {Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol}, volume = {22}, year = {2002}, month = {2002 Jul 01}, pages = {1175-80}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVES: Relationships between incident cardiovascular disease and lipoprotein subclass measurements by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were evaluated in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) in a nested case-cohort analysis.

METHODS AND RESULTS: The case group consisted of 434 participants with incident myocardial infarction (MI) and angina diagnosed after entry to the study (1990 to 1995) and the comparison group, 249 "healthy" participants with no prevalent clinical or subclinical disease. By univariate analysis, the median levels for healthy participants versus participants with incident MI and angina were 0 versus 7 mg\% for small low density lipoprotein (LDL), 1501 versus 1680 nmol/L for the number of LDL particles, and 21.6 versus 21.3 for LDL size, and these values were significantly different between "healthy" participants and those with incident MI and angina for women but not men. The levels of less dense LDL, which is most of the total LDL cholesterol among women, was not related to incident MI and angina. For women, large high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), but not small HDLc, levels were significantly higher for healthy participants compared with levels for participants with MI and angina. For men and women, levels of total and very low density lipoprotein triglycerides were higher for the case group than for the healthy group. In multivariate models for women that included triglycerides and HDLc, the number of LDL particles (but not LDL size) remained significantly related to MI and angina.

CONCLUSIONS: Small LDL, the size of LDL particles, and the greater number of LDL particles are related to incident coronary heart disease among older women.

}, keywords = {Aged, Aging, Cardiovascular System, Case-Control Studies, Cohort Studies, Coronary Disease, Female, Health Status, Humans, Lipoproteins, HDL, Lipoproteins, LDL, Lipoproteins, VLDL, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Male, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular, Risk Factors, Sex Factors}, issn = {1524-4636}, doi = {10.1161/01.atv.0000022015.97341.3a}, author = {Kuller, Lewis and Arnold, Alice and Tracy, Russell and Otvos, James and Burke, Greg and Psaty, Bruce and Siscovick, David and Freedman, David S and Kronmal, Richard} } @article {6997, title = {Associations of insulin resistance, inflammation and liver synthetic function with very low-density lipoprotein: The Cardiovascular Health Study.}, journal = {Metabolism}, volume = {65}, year = {2016}, month = {2016 Mar}, pages = {92-9}, abstract = {

INTRODUCTION: Production of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) is increased in states of metabolic syndrome, leading to hypertriglyceridemia. However, metabolic syndrome is often associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which leads to liver fibrosis and inflammation that may decrease VLDL production. In this study, we aim to determine the interactive impact on VLDL profiles from insulin resistance, impairment in liver synthetic function and inflammation.

METHODS: We examined cross-sectional associations of insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and liver synthetic function with VLDL particle (VLDL-P) concentration and size among 1,850 older adults in the Cardiovascular Health Study.

RESULTS: Indices for high insulin sensitivity and low liver synthetic function were associated with lower concentrations of VLDL-P. In addition, insulin resistance preferentially increased concentration of large VLDL and was associated with mean VLDL size. Indices for inflammation however demonstrated a nonlinear relationship with both VLDL-P concentration and VLDL size. When mutually adjusted, one standard deviation (SD) increment in Matsuda index and C-reactive protein (CRP) were associated with 4.9 nmol/L (-8.2 to -1.5, p=0.005) and 6.3 nmol/L (-11.0 to -1.6, p=0.009) lower VLDL-P concentration respectively. In contrast, one-SD increment in factor VII, a marker for liver synthetic function, was associated with 16.9 nmol/L (12.6-21.2, p<0.001) higher VLDL-P concentration. Furthermore, a one-SD increment in the Matsuda index was associated with 1.1 nm (-2.0 to -0.3, p=0.006) smaller mean VLDL size, whereas CRP and factor VII were not associated with VLDL size.

CONCLUSION: Insulin sensitivity, inflammation and markers for liver synthetic function differentially impact VLDL-P concentration and VLDL size. These results underscore the complex effects of insulin resistance and its complications on VLDL production.

}, keywords = {Aged, Aged, 80 and over, C-Reactive Protein, Cross-Sectional Studies, Factor VII, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, Lipoproteins, VLDL, Liver, Liver Function Tests, Male, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors}, issn = {1532-8600}, doi = {10.1016/j.metabol.2015.10.017}, author = {Jiang, Z Gordon and de Boer, Ian H and Mackey, Rachel H and Jensen, Majken K and Lai, Michelle and Robson, Simon C and Tracy, Russell and Kuller, Lewis H and Mukamal, Kenneth J} }