@article {5853, title = {Results differ by applying distinctive multiple imputation approaches on the longitudinal cardiovascular health study data.}, journal = {Exp Aging Res}, volume = {39}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, pages = {27-43}, abstract = {

UNLABELLED: BACKGROUND/STUDY CONTEXT: The objective of this study was to examine sequential and simultaneous approaches to multiple imputation of missing data in a longitudinal data set where losses due to death were common.

METHODS: Comparison of results from analyses and simulations of time to incident difficulty of activities of daily living (ADL) in the Cardiovascular Health Study when missing data were imputed simultaneously or sequentially.

RESULTS: Results differed with imputation methods. The largest proportional differences in 12 risk factor parameter estimates were heart failure by 106\%, social support by 33\%, and arthritis by 27\%.

CONCLUSION: Decedents{\textquoteright} final characteristics were influential on future imputations of those with missing values.

}, keywords = {Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Arthritis, Cardiac Rehabilitation, Cardiovascular Diseases, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Regression Analysis, Social Support}, issn = {1096-4657}, doi = {10.1080/0361073X.2013.741968}, author = {Ning, Yuming and McAvay, Gail and Chaudhry, Sarwat I and Arnold, Alice M and Allore, Heather G} } @article {6243, title = {Serum carboxymethyl-lysine, disability, and frailty in older persons: the Cardiovascular Health Study.}, journal = {J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci}, volume = {69}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Jun}, pages = {710-6}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Advanced glycation endproducts are biologically active compounds that accumulate in disordered metabolism and normal aging. Carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), a ubiquitous human advanced glycation endproduct, has been associated with age-related conditions and mortality. Our objective was to ascertain the relationship between CML and geriatric outcomes (disability and frailty) in a large cohort of older men and women.

METHODS: In 1996-1997, serum CML was measured in 3,373 Cardiovascular Health Study participants (mean age 78.1 {\textpm} 4.8 years). Disability, defined as difficulty in any of six activities of daily living, was assessed every 6-12 months for 14 years. Frailty was defined according to five standard criteria at the 1996-1997 visit. Cox proportional hazard models estimated the relationship between CML and incident disability (N = 2,643). Logistic regression models estimated the relationship between CML and prevalent frailty.

RESULTS: Adjusting for multiple potential confounders, higher CML was associated with incident disability (hazard ratio per standard deviation [225 ng/mL] increase: 1.05, 95\% CI 1.01-1.11). In men, odds of frailty increased with higher CML values (odds ratio = 1.30 per standard deviation, 95\% CI 1.14-1.48), but the relationship was attenuated by adjustment for cognitive status, kidney function, and arthritis. CML was not associated with frailty in women.

CONCLUSIONS: Higher serum CML levels in late life are associated with incident disability and prevalent frailty. Further work is needed to understand CML{\textquoteright}s value as a risk stratifier, biomarker, or target for interventions that promote healthy aging.

}, keywords = {Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Biomarkers, Cardiac Rehabilitation, Cardiovascular Diseases, Disabled Persons, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Frail Elderly, Health Status, Humans, Incidence, Lysine, Male, Prevalence, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, United States}, issn = {1758-535X}, doi = {10.1093/gerona/glt155}, author = {Whitson, Heather E and Arnold, Alice M and Yee, Laura M and Mukamal, Kenneth J and Kizer, Jorge R and Djouss{\'e}, Luc and Ix, Joachim H and Siscovick, David and Tracy, Russell P and Thielke, Stephen M and Hirsch, Calvin and Newman, Anne B and Zieman, Susan} }