@article {8515,
	title = {{Exome sequencing of 20,791 cases of type 2 diabetes and 24,440 controls},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {570},
	year = {2019},
	month = {06},
	pages = {71{\textendash}76},
	abstract = {Protein-coding genetic variants that strongly affect disease risk can yield relevant clues to disease pathogenesis. Here we report exome-sequencing analyses of 20,791 individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 24,440 non-diabetic control participants from 5 ancestries. We identify gene-level associations of rare variants (with minor allele frequencies of less than 0.5\%) in 4 genes at exome-wide significance, including a series of more than 30 SLC30A8 alleles that conveys protection against T2D, and in 12 gene sets, including those corresponding to T2D drug targets (P = 6.1 {\~A}{\textemdash} 10-3) and candidate genes from knockout mice (P = 5.2 {\~A}{\textemdash} 10-3). Within our study, the strongest T2D gene-level signals for rare variants explain at most 25\% of the heritability of the strongest common single-variant signals, and the gene-level effect sizes of the rare variants that we observed in established T2D drug targets will require 75,000-185,000 sequenced cases to achieve exome-wide significance. We propose a method to interpret these modest rare-variant associations and to incorporate these associations into future target or gene prioritization efforts.},
	author = {Flannick, J. and Mercader, J. M. and Fuchsberger, C. and Udler, M. S. and Mahajan, A. and Wessel, J. and Teslovich, T. M. and Caulkins, L. and Koesterer, R. and Barajas-Olmos, F. and Blackwell, T. W. and Boerwinkle, E. and Brody, J. A. and Centeno-Cruz, F. and Chen, L. and Chen, S. and Contreras-Cubas, C. and C?rdova, E. and Correa, A. and Cortes, M. and DeFronzo, R. A. and Dolan, L. and Drews, K. L. and Elliott, A. and Floyd, J. S. and Gabriel, S. and Garay-Sevilla, M. E. and Garc?a-Ortiz, H. and Gross, M. and Han, S. and Heard-Costa, N. L. and Jackson, A. U. and J?rgensen, M. E. and Kang, H. M. and Kelsey, M. and Kim, B. J. and Koistinen, H. A. and Kuusisto, J. and Leader, J. B. and Linneberg, A. and Liu, C. T. and Liu, J. and Lyssenko, V. and Manning, A. K. and Marcketta, A. and Malacara-Hernandez, J. M. and Mart?nez-Hern?ndez, A. and Matsuo, K. and Mayer-Davis, E. and Mendoza-Caamal, E. and Mohlke, K. L. and Morrison, A. C. and Ndungu, A. and Ng, M. C. Y. and O{\textquoteright}Dushlaine, C. and Payne, A. J. and Pihoker, C. and Post, W. S. and Preuss, M. and Psaty, B. M. and Vasan, R. S. and Rayner, N. W. and Reiner, A. P. and Revilla-Monsalve, C. and Robertson, N. R. and Santoro, N. and Schurmann, C. and So, W. Y. and Sober?n, X. and Stringham, H. M. and Strom, T. M. and Tam, C. H. T. and Thameem, F. and Tomlinson, B. and Torres, J. M. and Tracy, R. P. and van Dam, R. M. and Vujkovic, M. and Wang, S. and Welch, R. P. and Witte, D. R. and Wong, T. Y. and Atzmon, G. and Barzilai, N. and Blangero, J. and Bonnycastle, L. L. and Bowden, D. W. and Chambers, J. C. and Chan, E. and Cheng, C. Y. and Cho, Y. S. and Collins, F. S. and de Vries, P. S. and Duggirala, R. and Glaser, B. and Gonzalez, C. and Gonzalez, M. E. and Groop, L. and Kooner, J. S. and Kwak, S. H. and Laakso, M. and Lehman, D. M. and Nilsson, P. and Spector, T. D. and Tai, E. S. and Tuomi, T. and Tuomilehto, J. and Wilson, J. G. and Aguilar-Salinas, C. A. and Bottinger, E. and Burke, B. and Carey, D. J. and Chan, J. C. N. and Dupuis, J. and Frossard, P. and Heckbert, S. R. and Hwang, M. Y. and Kim, Y. J. and Kirchner, H. L. and Lee, J. Y. and Lee, J. and Loos, R. J. F. and Ma, R. C. W. and Morris, A. D. and O{\textquoteright}Donnell, C. J. and Palmer, C. N. A. and Pankow, J. and Park, K. S. and Rasheed, A. and Saleheen, D. and Sim, X. and Small, K. S. and Teo, Y. Y. and Haiman, C. and Hanis, C. L. and Henderson, B. E. and Orozco, L. and Tusi?-Luna, T. and Dewey, F. E. and Baras, A. and Gieger, C. and Meitinger, T. and Strauch, K. and Lange, L. and Grarup, N. and Hansen, T. and Pedersen, O. and Zeitler, P. and Dabelea, D. and Abecasis, G. and Bell, G. I. and Cox, N. J. and Seielstad, M. and Sladek, R. and Meigs, J. B. and Rich, S. S. and Rotter, J. I. and Altshuler, D. and Burtt, N. P. and Scott, L. J. and Morris, A. P. and Florez, J. C. and McCarthy, M. I. and Boehnke, M.}
}
@article {9374,
	title = {{Exome-Derived Adiponectin-Associated Variants Implicate Obesity and Lipid Biology},
	journal = {Am J Hum Genet},
	volume = {105},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {15{\textendash}28},
	abstract = {) with at least one obesity or lipid trait. Candidate genes include PRKAR2A, PTH1R, and HDAC9, which have been suggested to play roles in adipocyte differentiation or bone marrow adipose tissue. Taken together, these findings provide further insights into the processes that influence circulating adiponectin levels.},
	author = {Spracklen, C. N. and Karaderi, T. and Yaghootkar, H. and Schurmann, C. and Fine, R. S. and Kutalik, Z. and Preuss, M. H. and Lu, Y. and Wittemans, L. B. L. and Adair, L. S. and Allison, M. and Amin, N. and Auer, P. L. and Bartz, T. M. and her, M. and Boehnke, M. and Borja, J. B. and Bork-Jensen, J. and Broer, L. and Chasman, D. I. and Chen, Y. I. and Chirstofidou, P. and Demirkan, A. and van Duijn, C. M. and Feitosa, M. F. and Garcia, M. E. and Graff, M. and Grallert, H. and Grarup, N. and Guo, X. and Haesser, J. and Hansen, T. and Harris, T. B. and Highland, H. M. and Hong, J. and Ikram, M. A. and Ingelsson, E. and Jackson, R. and Jousilahti, P. and nen, M. and Kizer, J. R. and Kovacs, P. and Kriebel, J. and Laakso, M. and Lange, L. A. and ki, T. and Li, J. and Li-Gao, R. and Lind, L. and Luan, J. and inen, L. P. and MacGregor, S. and Mackey, D. A. and Mahajan, A. and Mangino, M. and {\"o}, S. and McCarthy, M. I. and McKnight, B. and Medina-Gomez, C. and Meigs, J. B. and Molnos, S. and Mook-Kanamori, D. and Morris, A. P. and de Mutsert, R. and Nalls, M. A. and Nedeljkovic, I. and North, K. E. and Pennell, C. E. and Pradhan, A. D. and Province, M. A. and Raitakari, O. T. and Raulerson, C. K. and Reiner, A. P. and Ridker, P. M. and Ripatti, S. and Roberston, N. and Rotter, J. I. and Salomaa, V. and rate, A. A. and Sitlani, C. M. and Spector, T. D. and Strauch, K. and Stumvoll, M. and Taylor, K. D. and Thuesen, B. and njes, A. and Uitterlinden, A. G. and Venturini, C. and Walker, M. and Wang, C. A. and Wang, S. and Wareham, N. J. and Willems, S. M. and Willems van Dijk, K. and Wilson, J. G. and Wu, Y. and Yao, J. and Young, K. L. and Langenberg, C. and Frayling, T. M. and inen, T. O. and Lindgren, C. M. and Loos, R. J. F. and Mohlke, K. L.}
}
@article {9391,
	title = {{Exome-Derived Adiponectin-Associated Variants Implicate Obesity and Lipid Biology},
	journal = {Am J Hum Genet},
	volume = {105},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {670{\textendash}671},
	author = {Spracklen, C. N. and Karaderi, T. and Yaghootkar, H. and Schurmann, C. and Fine, R. S. and Kutalik, Z. and Preuss, M. H. and Lu, Y. and Wittemans, L. B. L. and Adair, L. S. and Allison, M. and Amin, N. and Auer, P. L. and Bartz, T. M. and her, M. and Boehnke, M. and Borja, J. B. and Bork-Jensen, J. and Broer, L. and Chasman, D. I. and Chen, Y. I. and Chirstofidou, P. and Demirkan, A. and van Duijn, C. M. and Feitosa, M. F. and Garcia, M. E. and Graff, M. and Grallert, H. and Grarup, N. and Guo, X. and Haesser, J. and Hansen, T. and Harris, T. B. and Highland, H. M. and Hong, J. and Ikram, M. A. and Ingelsson, E. and Jackson, R. and Jousilahti, P. and nen, M. and Kizer, J. R. and Kovacs, P. and Kriebel, J. and Laakso, M. and Lange, L. A. and ki, T. and Li, J. and Li-Gao, R. and Lind, L. and Luan, J. and inen, L. P. and MacGregor, S. and Mackey, D. A. and Mahajan, A. and Mangino, M. and {\"o}, S. and McCarthy, M. I. and McKnight, B. and Medina-Gomez, C. and Meigs, J. B. and Molnos, S. and Mook-Kanamori, D. and Morris, A. P. and de Mutsert, R. and Nalls, M. A. and Nedeljkovic, I. and North, K. E. and Pennell, C. E. and Pradhan, A. D. and Province, M. A. and Raitakari, O. T. and Raulerson, C. K. and Reiner, A. P. and Ridker, P. M. and Ripatti, S. and Roberston, N. and Rotter, J. I. and Salomaa, V. and rate, A. A. and Sitlani, C. M. and Spector, T. D. and Strauch, K. and Stumvoll, M. and Taylor, K. D. and Thuesen, B. and njes, A. and Uitterlinden, A. G. and Venturini, C. and Walker, M. and Wang, C. A. and Wang, S. and Wareham, N. J. and Willems, S. M. and Willems van Dijk, K. and Wilson, J. G. and Wu, Y. and Yao, J. and Young, K. L. and Langenberg, C. and Frayling, T. M. and inen, T. O. and Lindgren, C. M. and Loos, R. J. F. and Mohlke, K. L.}
}
@article {8523,
	title = {{Quality of dietary fat and genetic risk of type 2 diabetes: individual participant data meta-analysis},
	journal = {BMJ},
	volume = {366},
	year = {2019},
	month = {07},
	pages = {l4292},
	abstract = {{To investigate whether the genetic burden of type 2 diabetes modifies the association between the quality of dietary fat and the incidence of type 2 diabetes.\ Individual participant data meta-analysis.\ Eligible prospective cohort studies were systematically sourced from studies published between January 1970 and February 2017 through electronic searches in major medical databases (Medline, Embase, and Scopus) and discussion with investigators.\ Data from cohort studies or multicohort consortia with available genome-wide genetic data and information about the quality of dietary fat and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in participants of European descent was sought. Prospective cohorts that had accrued five or more years of follow-up were included. The type 2 diabetes genetic risk profile was characterized by a 68-variant polygenic risk score weighted by published effect sizes. Diet was recorded by using validated cohort-specific dietary assessment tools. Outcome measures were summary adjusted hazard ratios of incident type 2 diabetes for polygenic risk score, isocaloric replacement of carbohydrate (refined starch and sugars) with types of fat, and the interaction of types of fat with polygenic risk score.\ Of 102 305 participants from 15 prospective cohort studies, 20 015 type 2 diabetes cases were documented after a median follow-up of 12 years (interquartile range 9.4-14.2). The hazard ratio of type 2 diabetes per increment of 10 risk alleles in the polygenic risk score was 1.64 (95\% confidence interval 1.54 to 1.75},
	author = {Merino, J. and Guasch-Ferr?, M. and Ellervik, C. and Dashti, H. S. and Sharp, S. J. and Wu, P. and Overvad, K. and Sarnowski, C. and Kuokkanen, M. and Lemaitre, R. N. and Justice, A. E. and Ericson, U. and Braun, K. V. E. and Mahendran, Y. and Frazier-Wood, A. C. and Sun, D. and Chu, A. Y. and Tanaka, T. and Luan, J. and Hong, J. and Tj?nneland, A. and Ding, M. and Lundqvist, A. and Mukamal, K. and Rohde, R. and Schulz, C. A. and Franco, O. H. and Grarup, N. and Chen, Y. I. and Bazzano, L. and Franks, P. W. and Buring, J. E. and Langenberg, C. and Liu, C. T. and Hansen, T. and Jensen, M. K. and S??ksj?rvi, K. and Psaty, B. M. and Young, K. L. and Hindy, G. and Sandholt, C. H. and Ridker, P. M. and Ordovas, J. M. and Meigs, J. B. and Pedersen, O. and Kraft, P. and Perola, M. and North, K. E. and Orho-Melander, M. and Voortman, T. and Toft, U. and Rotter, J. I. and Qi, L. and Forouhi, N. G. and Mozaffarian, D. and S?rensen, T. I. A. and Stampfer, M. J. and M?nnist?, S. and Selvin, E. and Imamura, F. and Salomaa, V. and Hu, F. B. and Wareham, N. J. and Dupuis, J. and Smith, C. E. and Kilpel?inen, T. O. and Chasman, D. I. and Florez, J. C.}
}
@article {8618,
	title = {{Sex-dimorphic genetic effects and novel loci for fasting glucose and insulin variability},
	journal = {Nat Commun},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2021},
	month = {01},
	pages = {24},
	abstract = {Differences between sexes contribute to variation in the levels of fasting glucose and insulin. Epidemiological studies established a higher prevalence of impaired fasting glucose in men and impaired glucose tolerance in women, however, the genetic component underlying this phenomenon is not established. We assess sex-dimorphic (73,089/50,404 women and 67,506/47,806 men) and sex-combined (151,188/105,056 individuals) fasting glucose/fasting insulin genetic effects via genome-wide association study meta-analyses in individuals of European descent without diabetes. Here we report sex dimorphism in allelic effects on fasting insulin at IRS1 and ZNF12 loci, the latter showing higher RNA expression in whole blood in women compared to men. We also observe sex-homogeneous effects on fasting glucose at seven novel loci. Fasting insulin in women shows stronger genetic correlations than in men with waist-to-hip ratio and anorexia nervosa. Furthermore, waist-to-hip ratio is causally related to insulin resistance in women, but not in men. These results position dissection of metabolic and glycemic health sex dimorphism as a steppingstone for understanding differences in genetic effects between women and men in related phenotypes.},
	author = {Lagou, V. and M?gi, R. and Hottenga, J. J. and Grallert, H. and Perry, J. R. B. and Bouatia-Naji, N. and Marullo, L. and Rybin, D. and Jansen, R. and Min, J. L. and Dimas, A. S. and Ulrich, A. and Zudina, L. and G?din, J. R. and Jiang, L. and Faggian, A. and Bonnefond, A. and Fadista, J. and Stathopoulou, M. G. and Isaacs, A. and Willems, S. M. and Navarro, P. and Tanaka, T. and Jackson, A. U. and Montasser, M. E. and O{\textquoteright}Connell, J. R. and Bielak, L. F. and Webster, R. J. and Saxena, R. and Stafford, J. M. and Pourcain, B. S. and Timpson, N. J. and Salo, P. and Shin, S. Y. and Amin, N. and Smith, A. V. and Li, G. and Verweij, N. and Goel, A. and Ford, I. and Johnson, P. C. D. and Johnson, T. and Kapur, K. and Thorleifsson, G. and Strawbridge, R. J. and Rasmussen-Torvik, L. J. and Esko, T. and Mihailov, E. and Fall, T. and Fraser, R. M. and Mahajan, A. and Kanoni, S. and Giedraitis, V. and Kleber, M. E. and Silbernagel, G. and Meyer, J. and M?ller-Nurasyid, M. and Ganna, A. and Sarin, A. P. and Yengo, L. and Shungin, D. and Luan, J. and Horikoshi, M. and An, P. and Sanna, S. and Boettcher, Y. and Rayner, N. W. and Nolte, I. M. and Zemunik, T. and Iperen, E. V. and Kovacs, P. and Hastie, N. D. and Wild, S. H. and McLachlan, S. and Campbell, S. and Polasek, O. and Carlson, O. and Egan, J. and Kiess, W. and Willemsen, G. and Kuusisto, J. and Laakso, M. and Dimitriou, M. and Hicks, A. A. and Rauramaa, R. and Bandinelli, S. and Thorand, B. and Liu, Y. and Miljkovic, I. and Lind, L. and Doney, A. and Perola, M. and Hingorani, A. and Kivimaki, M. and Kumari, M. and Bennett, A. J. and Groves, C. J. and Herder, C. and Koistinen, H. A. and Kinnunen, L. and Faire, U. and Bakker, S. J. L. and Uusitupa, M. and Palmer, C. N. A. and Jukema, J. W. and Sattar, N. and Pouta, A. and Snieder, H. and Boerwinkle, E. and Pankow, J. S. and Magnusson, P. K. and Krus, U. and Scapoli, C. and de Geus, E. J. C. N. and Bl?her, M. and Wolffenbuttel, B. H. R. and Province, M. A. and Abecasis, G. R. and Meigs, J. B. and Hovingh, G. K. and Lindstr?m, J. and Wilson, J. F. and Wright, A. F. and Dedoussis, G. V. and Bornstein, S. R. and Schwarz, P. E. H. and T?njes, A. and Winkelmann, B. R. and Boehm, B. O. and M?rz, W. and Metspalu, A. and Price, J. F. and Deloukas, P. and K?rner, A. and Lakka, T. A. and Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S. M. and Saaristo, T. E. and Bergman, R. N. and Tuomilehto, J. and Wareham, N. J. and Langenberg, C. and M?nnist?, S. and Franks, P. W. and Hayward, C. and Vitart, V. and Kaprio, J. and Visvikis-Siest, S. and Balkau, B. and Altshuler, D. and Rudan, I. and Stumvoll, M. and Campbell, H. and van Duijn, C. M. and Gieger, C. and Illig, T. and Ferrucci, L. and Pedersen, N. L. and Pramstaller, P. P. and Boehnke, M. and Frayling, T. M. and Shuldiner, A. R. and Peyser, P. A. and Kardia, S. L. R. and Palmer, L. J. and Penninx, B. W. and Meneton, P. and Harris, T. B. and Navis, G. and Harst, P. V. and Smith, G. D. and Forouhi, N. G. and Loos, R. J. F. and Salomaa, V. and Soranzo, N. and Boomsma, D. I. and Groop, L. and Tuomi, T. and Hofman, A. and Munroe, P. B. and Gudnason, V. and Siscovick, D. S. and Watkins, H. and Lecoeur, C. and Vollenweider, P. and Franco-Cereceda, A. and Eriksson, P. and Jarvelin, M. R. and Stefansson, K. and Hamsten, A. and Nicholson, G. and Karpe, F. and Dermitzakis, E. T. and Lindgren, C. M. and McCarthy, M. I. and Froguel, P. and Kaakinen, M. A. and Lyssenko, V. and Watanabe, R. M. and Ingelsson, E. and Florez, J. C. and Dupuis, J. and Barroso, I. and Morris, A. P. and Prokopenko, I.}
}
@article {8663,
	title = {{Sex-dimorphic genetic effects and novel loci for fasting glucose and insulin variability},
	journal = {Nat Commun},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2021},
	month = {01},
	pages = {24},
	abstract = {Differences between sexes contribute to variation in the levels of fasting glucose and insulin. Epidemiological studies established a higher prevalence of impaired fasting glucose in men and impaired glucose tolerance in women, however, the genetic component underlying this phenomenon is not established. We assess sex-dimorphic (73,089/50,404 women and 67,506/47,806 men) and sex-combined (151,188/105,056 individuals) fasting glucose/fasting insulin genetic effects via genome-wide association study meta-analyses in individuals of European descent without diabetes. Here we report sex dimorphism in allelic effects on fasting insulin at IRS1 and ZNF12 loci, the latter showing higher RNA expression in whole blood in women compared to men. We also observe sex-homogeneous effects on fasting glucose at seven novel loci. Fasting insulin in women shows stronger genetic correlations than in men with waist-to-hip ratio and anorexia nervosa. Furthermore, waist-to-hip ratio is causally related to insulin resistance in women, but not in men. These results position dissection of metabolic and glycemic health sex dimorphism as a steppingstone for understanding differences in genetic effects between women and men in related phenotypes.},
	author = {Lagou, V. and M{\"a}gi, R. and Hottenga, J. J. and Grallert, H. and Perry, J. R. B. and Bouatia-Naji, N. and Marullo, L. and Rybin, D. and Jansen, R. and Min, J. L. and Dimas, A. S. and Ulrich, A. and Zudina, L. and G{\r a}din, J. R. and Jiang, L. and Faggian, A. and Bonnefond, A. and Fadista, J. and Stathopoulou, M. G. and Isaacs, A. and Willems, S. M. and Navarro, P. and Tanaka, T. and Jackson, A. U. and Montasser, M. E. and O{\textquoteright}Connell, J. R. and Bielak, L. F. and Webster, R. J. and Saxena, R. and Stafford, J. M. and Pourcain, B. S. and Timpson, N. J. and Salo, P. and Shin, S. Y. and Amin, N. and Smith, A. V. and Li, G. and Verweij, N. and Goel, A. and Ford, I. and Johnson, P. C. D. and Johnson, T. and Kapur, K. and Thorleifsson, G. and Strawbridge, R. J. and Rasmussen-Torvik, L. J. and Esko, T. and Mihailov, E. and Fall, T. and Fraser, R. M. and Mahajan, A. and Kanoni, S. and Giedraitis, V. and Kleber, M. E. and Silbernagel, G. and Meyer, J. and M{\"u}ller-Nurasyid, M. and Ganna, A. and Sarin, A. P. and Yengo, L. and Shungin, D. and Luan, J. and Horikoshi, M. and An, P. and Sanna, S. and Boettcher, Y. and Rayner, N. W. and Nolte, I. M. and Zemunik, T. and Iperen, E. V. and Kovacs, P. and Hastie, N. D. and Wild, S. H. and McLachlan, S. and Campbell, S. and Polasek, O. and Carlson, O. and Egan, J. and Kiess, W. and Willemsen, G. and Kuusisto, J. and Laakso, M. and Dimitriou, M. and Hicks, A. A. and Rauramaa, R. and Bandinelli, S. and Thorand, B. and Liu, Y. and Miljkovic, I. and Lind, L. and Doney, A. and Perola, M. and Hingorani, A. and Kivimaki, M. and Kumari, M. and Bennett, A. J. and Groves, C. J. and Herder, C. and Koistinen, H. A. and Kinnunen, L. and Faire, U. and Bakker, S. J. L. and Uusitupa, M. and Palmer, C. N. A. and Jukema, J. W. and Sattar, N. and Pouta, A. and Snieder, H. and Boerwinkle, E. and Pankow, J. S. and Magnusson, P. K. and Krus, U. and Scapoli, C. and de Geus, E. J. C. N. and Bl{\"u}her, M. and Wolffenbuttel, B. H. R. and Province, M. A. and Abecasis, G. R. and Meigs, J. B. and Hovingh, G. K. and Lindstr{\"o}m, J. and Wilson, J. F. and Wright, A. F. and Dedoussis, G. V. and Bornstein, S. R. and Schwarz, P. E. H. and Tonjes, A. and Winkelmann, B. R. and Boehm, B. O. and M{\"a}rz, W. and Metspalu, A. and Price, J. F. and Deloukas, P. and K{\"o}rner, A. and Lakka, T. A. and Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S. M. and Saaristo, T. E. and Bergman, R. N. and Tuomilehto, J. and Wareham, N. J. and Langenberg, C. and M{\"a}nnist{\"o}, S. and Franks, P. W. and Hayward, C. and Vitart, V. and Kaprio, J. and Visvikis-Siest, S. and Balkau, B. and Altshuler, D. and Rudan, I. and Stumvoll, M. and Campbell, H. and van Duijn, C. M. and Gieger, C. and Illig, T. and Ferrucci, L. and Pedersen, N. L. and Pramstaller, P. P. and Boehnke, M. and Frayling, T. M. and Shuldiner, A. R. and Peyser, P. A. and Kardia, S. L. R. and Palmer, L. J. and Penninx, B. W. and Meneton, P. and Harris, T. B. and Navis, G. and Harst, P. V. and Smith, G. D. and Forouhi, N. G. and Loos, R. J. F. and Salomaa, V. and Soranzo, N. and Boomsma, D. I. and Groop, L. and Tuomi, T. and Hofman, A. and Munroe, P. B. and Gudnason, V. and Siscovick, D. S. and Watkins, H. and Lecoeur, C. and Vollenweider, P. and Franco-Cereceda, A. and Eriksson, P. and Jarvelin, M. R. and Stefansson, K. and Hamsten, A. and Nicholson, G. and Karpe, F. and Dermitzakis, E. T. and Lindgren, C. M. and McCarthy, M. I. and Froguel, P. and Kaakinen, M. A. and Lyssenko, V. and Watanabe, R. M. and Ingelsson, E. and Florez, J. C. and Dupuis, J. and Barroso, I. and Morris, A. P. and Prokopenko, I.}
}
@article {8772,
	title = {{The trans-ancestral genomic architecture of glycemic traits},
	journal = {Nat Genet},
	volume = {53},
	year = {2021},
	month = {06},
	pages = {840{\textendash}860},
	abstract = {10.1038/s41588-021-00852-9Glycemic traits are used to diagnose and monitor type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic health. To date, most genetic studies of glycemic traits have focused on individuals of European ancestry. Here we aggregated genome-wide association studies comprising up to 281,416 individuals without diabetes (30\% non-European ancestry) for whom fasting glucose, 2-h glucose after an oral glucose challenge, glycated hemoglobin and fasting insulin data were available. Trans-ancestry and single-ancestry meta-analyses identified 242 loci (99 novel; P < 5 {\texttimes} 10-8), 80\% of which had no significant evidence of between-ancestry heterogeneity. Analyses restricted to individuals of European ancestry with equivalent sample size would have led to 24 fewer new loci. Compared with single-ancestry analyses, equivalent-sized trans-ancestry fine-mapping reduced the number of estimated variants in 99\% credible sets by a median of 37.5\%. Genomic-feature, gene-expression and gene-set analyses revealed distinct biological signatures for each trait, highlighting different underlying biological pathways. Our results increase our understanding of diabetes pathophysiology by using trans-ancestry studies for improved power and resolution.},
	author = {Chen, J. and Spracklen, C. N. and Marenne, G. and Varshney, A. and Corbin, L. J. and Luan, J. and Willems, S. M. and Wu, Y. and Zhang, X. and Horikoshi, M. and Boutin, T. S. and M{\"a}gi, R. and Waage, J. and Li-Gao, R. and Chan, K. H. K. and Yao, J. and Anasanti, M. D. and Chu, A. Y. and Claringbould, A. and Heikkinen, J. and Hong, J. and Hottenga, J. J. and Huo, S. and Kaakinen, M. A. and Louie, T. and M{\"a}rz, W. and Moreno-Macias, H. and Ndungu, A. and Nelson, S. C. and Nolte, I. M. and North, K. E. and Raulerson, C. K. and Ray, D. and Rohde, R. and Rybin, D. and Schurmann, C. and Sim, X. and Southam, L. and Stewart, I. D. and Wang, C. A. and Wang, Y. and Wu, P. and Zhang, W. and Ahluwalia, T. S. and Appel, E. V. R. and Bielak, L. F. and Brody, J. A. and Burtt, N. P. and Cabrera, C. P. and Cade, B. E. and Chai, J. F. and Chai, X. and Chang, L. C. and Chen, C. H. and Chen, B. H. and Chitrala, K. N. and Chiu, Y. F. and de Haan, H. G. and Delgado, G. E. and Demirkan, A. and Duan, Q. and Engmann, J. and Fatumo, S. A. and Gay{\'a}n, J. and Giulianini, F. and Gong, J. H. and Gustafsson, S. and Hai, Y. and Hartwig, F. P. and He, J. and Heianza, Y. and Huang, T. and Huerta-Chagoya, A. and Hwang, M. Y. and Jensen, R. A. and Kawaguchi, T. and Kentistou, K. A. and Kim, Y. J. and Kleber, M. E. and Kooner, I. K. and Lai, S. and Lange, L. A. and Langefeld, C. D. and Lauzon, M. and Li, M. and Ligthart, S. and Liu, J. and Loh, M. and Long, J. and Lyssenko, V. and Mangino, M. and Marzi, C. and Montasser, M. E. and Nag, A. and Nakatochi, M. and Noce, D. and Noordam, R. and Pistis, G. and Preuss, M. and Raffield, L. and Rasmussen-Torvik, L. J. and Rich, S. S. and Robertson, N. R. and Rueedi, R. and Ryan, K. and Sanna, S. and Saxena, R. and Schraut, K. E. and Sennblad, B. and Setoh, K. and Smith, A. V. and Spars{\o}, T. and Strawbridge, R. J. and Takeuchi, F. and Tan, J. and Trompet, S. and van den Akker, E. and van der Most, P. J. and Verweij, N. and Vogel, M. and Wang, H. and Wang, C. and Wang, N. and Warren, H. R. and Wen, W. and Wilsgaard, T. and Wong, A. and Wood, A. R. and Xie, T. and Zafarmand, M. H. and Zhao, J. H. and Zhao, W. and Amin, N. and Arzumanyan, Z. and Astrup, A. and Bakker, S. J. L. and Baldassarre, D. and Beekman, M. and Bergman, R. N. and Bertoni, A. and Bl{\"u}her, M. and Bonnycastle, L. L. and Bornstein, S. R. and Bowden, D. W. and Cai, Q. and Campbell, A. and Campbell, H. and Chang, Y. C. and de Geus, E. J. C. and Dehghan, A. and Du, S. and Eiriksdottir, G. and Farmaki, A. E. and Fr{\r a}nberg, M. and Fuchsberger, C. and Gao, Y. and Gjesing, A. P. and Goel, A. and Han, S. and Hartman, C. A. and Herder, C. and Hicks, A. A. and Hsieh, C. H. and Hsueh, W. A. and Ichihara, S. and Igase, M. and Ikram, M. A. and Johnson, W. C. and J{\o}rgensen, M. E. and Joshi, P. K. and Kalyani, R. R. and Kandeel, F. R. and Katsuya, T. and Khor, C. C. and Kiess, W. and Kolcic, I. and Kuulasmaa, T. and Kuusisto, J. and L{\"a}ll, K. and Lam, K. and Lawlor, D. A. and Lee, N. R. and Lemaitre, R. N. and Li, H. and Lin, S. Y. and Lindstr{\"o}m, J. and Linneberg, A. and Liu, J. and Lorenzo, C. and Matsubara, T. and Matsuda, F. and Mingrone, G. and Mooijaart, S. and Moon, S. and Nabika, T. and Nadkarni, G. N. and Nadler, J. L. and Nelis, M. and Neville, M. J. and Norris, J. M. and Ohyagi, Y. and Peters, A. and Peyser, P. A. and Polasek, O. and Qi, Q. and Raven, D. and Reilly, D. F. and Reiner, A. and Rivideneira, F. and Roll, K. and Rudan, I. and Sabanayagam, C. and Sandow, K. and Sattar, N. and Sch{\"u}rmann, A. and Shi, J. and Stringham, H. M. and Taylor, K. D. and Teslovich, T. M. and Thuesen, B. and Timmers, P. R. H. J. and Tremoli, E. and Tsai, M. Y. and Uitterlinden, A. and van Dam, R. M. and van Heemst, D. and van Hylckama Vlieg, A. and Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, J. V. and Vangipurapu, J. and Vestergaard, H. and Wang, T. and Willems van Dijk, K. and Zemunik, T. and Abecasis, G. R. and Adair, L. S. and Aguilar-Salinas, C. A. and Alarc{\'o}n-Riquelme, M. E. and An, P. and Aviles-Santa, L. and Becker, D. M. and Beilin, L. J. and Bergmann, S. and Bisgaard, H. and Black, C. and Boehnke, M. and Boerwinkle, E. and B{\"o}hm, B. O. and B{\o}nnelykke, K. and Boomsma, D. I. and Bottinger, E. P. and Buchanan, T. A. and Canouil, M. and Caulfield, M. J. and Chambers, J. C. and Chasman, D. I. and Chen, Y. I. and Cheng, C. Y. and Collins, F. S. and Correa, A. and Cucca, F. and de Silva, H. J. and Dedoussis, G. and Elmst{\r a}hl, S. and Evans, M. K. and Ferrannini, E. and Ferrucci, L. and Florez, J. C. and Franks, P. W. and Frayling, T. M. and Froguel, P. and Gigante, B. and Goodarzi, M. O. and Gordon-Larsen, P. and Grallert, H. and Grarup, N. and Grimsgaard, S. and Groop, L. and Gudnason, V. and Guo, X. and Hamsten, A. and Hansen, T. and Hayward, C. and Heckbert, S. R. and Horta, B. L. and Huang, W. and Ingelsson, E. and James, P. S. and Jarvelin, M. R. and Jonas, J. B. and Jukema, J. W. and Kaleebu, P. and Kaplan, R. and Kardia, S. L. R. and Kato, N. and Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S. M. and Kim, B. J. and Kivimaki, M. and Koistinen, H. A. and Kooner, J. S. and K{\"o}rner, A. and Kovacs, P. and Kuh, D. and Kumari, M. and Kutalik, Z. and Laakso, M. and Lakka, T. A. and Launer, L. J. and Leander, K. and Li, H. and Lin, X. and Lind, L. and Lindgren, C. and Liu, S. and Loos, R. J. F. and Magnusson, P. K. E. and Mahajan, A. and Metspalu, A. and Mook-Kanamori, D. O. and Mori, T. A. and Munroe, P. B. and Nj{\o}lstad, I. and O{\textquoteright}Connell, J. R. and Oldehinkel, A. J. and Ong, K. K. and Padmanabhan, S. and Palmer, C. N. A. and Palmer, N. D. and Pedersen, O. and Pennell, C. E. and Porteous, D. J. and Pramstaller, P. P. and Province, M. A. and Psaty, B. M. and Qi, L. and Raffel, L. J. and Rauramaa, R. and Redline, S. and Ridker, P. M. and Rosendaal, F. R. and Saaristo, T. E. and Sandhu, M. and Saramies, J. and Schneiderman, N. and Schwarz, P. and Scott, L. J. and Selvin, E. and Sever, P. and Shu, X. O. and Slagboom, P. E. and Small, K. S. and Smith, B. H. and Snieder, H. and Sofer, T. and S{\o}rensen, T. I. A. and Spector, T. D. and Stanton, A. and Steves, C. J. and Stumvoll, M. and Sun, L. and Tabara, Y. and Tai, E. S. and Timpson, N. J. and Tonjes, A. and Tuomilehto, J. and Tusie, T. and Uusitupa, M. and van der Harst, P. and van Duijn, C. and Vitart, V. and Vollenweider, P. and Vrijkotte, T. G. M. and Wagenknecht, L. E. and Walker, M. and Wang, Y. X. and Wareham, N. J. and Watanabe, R. M. and Watkins, H. and Wei, W. B. and Wickremasinghe, A. R. and Willemsen, G. and Wilson, J. F. and Wong, T. Y. and Wu, J. Y. and Xiang, A. H. and Yanek, L. R. and Yengo, L. and Yokota, M. and Zeggini, E. and Zheng, W. and Zonderman, A. B. and Rotter, J. I. and Gloyn, A. L. and McCarthy, M. I. and Dupuis, J. and Meigs, J. B. and Scott, R. A. and Prokopenko, I. and Leong, A. and Liu, C. T. and Parker, S. C. J. and Mohlke, K. L. and Langenberg, C. and Wheeler, E. and Morris, A. P. and Barroso, I. and de Haan, H. G. and van den Akker, E. and van der Most, P. J. and de Geus, E. J. C. and van Dam, R. M. and van Heemst, D. and van Hylckama Vlieg, A. and van Willems van Dijk, K. and de Silva, H. J. and van der Harst, P. and van Duijn, C.}
}
@article {8982,
	title = {{Obesity Partially Mediates the Diabetogenic Effect of Lowering LDL Cholesterol},
	journal = {Diabetes Care},
	volume = {45},
	year = {2022},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {232{\textendash}240},
	abstract = {LDL cholesterol (LDLc)-lowering drugs modestly increase body weight and type 2 diabetes risk, but the extent to which the diabetogenic effect of lowering LDLc is mediated through increased BMI is unknown.\ We conducted summary-level univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses in 921,908 participants to investigate the effect of lowering LDLc on type 2 diabetes risk and the proportion of this effect mediated through BMI. We used data from 92,532 participants from 14 observational studies to replicate findings in individual-level MR analyses.\ A 1-SD decrease in genetically predicted LDLc was associated with increased type 2 diabetes odds (odds ratio [OR] 1.12 [95\% CI 1.01, 1.24]) and BMI (β = 0.07 SD units [95\% CI 0.02, 0.12]) in univariable MR analyses. The multivariable MR analysis showed evidence of an indirect effect of lowering LDLc on type 2 diabetes through BMI (OR 1.04 [95\% CI 1.01, 1.08]) with a proportion mediated of 38\% of the total effect (P = 0.03). Total and indirect effect estimates were similar across a number of sensitivity analyses. Individual-level MR analyses confirmed the indirect effect of lowering LDLc on type 2 diabetes through BMI with an estimated proportion mediated of 8\% (P = 0.04).\ These findings suggest that the diabetogenic effect attributed to lowering LDLc is partially mediated through increased BMI. Our results could help advance understanding of adipose tissue and lipids in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology and inform strategies to reduce diabetes risk among individuals taking LDLc-lowering medications.},
	author = {Wu, P. and Moon, J. Y. and Daghlas, I. and Franco, G. and Porneala, B. C. and Ahmadizar, F. and Richardson, T. G. and Isaksen, J. L. and Hindy, G. and Yao, J. and Sitlani, C. M. and Raffield, L. M. and Yanek, L. R. and Feitosa, M. F. and Cuadrat, R. R. C. and Qi, Q. and Arfan Ikram, M. and Ellervik, C. and Ericson, U. and Goodarzi, M. O. and Brody, J. A. and Lange, L. and Mercader, J. M. and Vaidya, D. and An, P. and Schulze, M. B. and Masana, L. and Ghanbari, M. and Olesen, M. S. and Cai, J. and Guo, X. and Floyd, J. S. and J{\"a}ger, S. and Province, M. A. and Kalyani, R. R. and Psaty, B. M. and Orho-Melander, M. and Ridker, P. M. and Kanters, J. K. and Uitterlinden, A. and Davey Smith, G. and Gill, D. and Kaplan, R. C. and Kavousi, M. and Raghavan, S. and Chasman, D. I. and Rotter, J. I. and Meigs, J. B. and Florez, J. C. and Dupuis, J. and Liu, C. T. and Merino, J.}
}
