@article {9464,
	title = {-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biomarkers and Coronary Heart Disease: Pooling Project of 19 Cohort Studies},
	journal = {JAMA Intern Med},
	volume = {176},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {1155{\textendash}1166},
	abstract = {-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for primary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) remains controversial. Most prior longitudinal studies evaluated self-reported consumption rather than biomarkers.\ -3) for incident CHD.\ A global consortium of 19 studies identified by November 2014.\ -3 biomarkers and ascertained CHD.\ -6 levels, and FADS desaturase genes.\ Incident total CHD, fatal CHD, and nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI).\ -3 biomarkers ALA, DPA, and DHA were associated with a lower risk of fatal CHD, with relative risks (RRs) of 0.91 (95\% CI, 0.84-0.98) for ALA, 0.90 (95\% CI, 0.85-0.96) for DPA, and 0.90 (95\% CI, 0.84-0.96) for DHA. Although DPA was associated with a lower risk of total CHD (RR, 0.94; 95\% CI, 0.90-0.99), ALA (RR, 1.00; 95\% CI, 0.95-1.05), EPA (RR, 0.94; 95\% CI, 0.87-1.02), and DHA (RR, 0.95; 95\% CI, 0.91-1.00) were not. Significant associations with nonfatal MI were not evident. Associations appeared generally stronger in phospholipids and total plasma. Restricted cubic splines did not identify evidence of nonlinearity in dose responses.\ -3 fatty acids are associated with a modestly lower incidence of fatal CHD.},
	author = {Del Gobbo, L. C. and Imamura, F. and Aslibekyan, S. and Marklund, M. and Virtanen, J. K. and Wennberg, M. and Yakoob, M. Y. and Chiuve, S. E. and Dela Cruz, L. and Frazier-Wood, A. C. and Fretts, A. M. and Guallar, E. and Matsumoto, C. and Prem, K. and Tanaka, T. and Wu, J. H. and Zhou, X. and Helmer, C. and Ingelsson, E. and Yuan, J. M. and Barberger-Gateau, P. and Campos, H. and Chaves, P. H. and {\'e}, L. and Giles, G. G. and mez-Aracena, J. and Hodge, A. M. and Hu, F. B. and Jansson, J. H. and Johansson, I. and Khaw, K. T. and Koh, W. P. and Lemaitre, R. N. and Lind, L. and Luben, R. N. and Rimm, E. B. and rus, U. and Samieri, C. and Franks, P. W. and Siscovick, D. S. and Stampfer, M. and Steffen, L. M. and Steffen, B. T. and Tsai, M. Y. and van Dam, R. M. and Voutilainen, S. and Willett, W. C. and Woodward, M. and Mozaffarian, D.}
}
@article {8524,
	title = {{Low thyroid function is not associated with an accelerated deterioration in renal function},
	journal = {Nephrol Dial Transplant},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2019},
	month = {04},
	pages = {650{\textendash}659},
	abstract = {Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is frequently accompanied by thyroid hormone dysfunction. It is currently unclear whether these alterations are the cause or consequence of CKD. This study aimed at studying the effect of thyroid hormone alterations on renal function in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses in individuals from all adult age groups.\ Individual participant data (IPD) from 16 independent cohorts having measured thyroid stimulating hormone, free thyroxine levels and creatinine levels were included. Thyroid hormone status was defined using clinical cut-off values. Estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) were calculated by means of the four-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula. For this IPD meta-analysis, eGFR at baseline and eGFR change during follow-up were computed by fitting linear regression models and linear mixed models in each cohort separately. Effect estimates were pooled using random effects models.\ A total of 72 856 individuals from 16 different cohorts were included. At baseline, individuals with overt hypothyroidism (n = 704) and subclinical hypothyroidism (n = 3356) had a average (95\% confidence interval) -4.07 (-6.37 to -1.78) and -2.40 (-3.78 to -1.02) mL/min/1.73 m2 lower eGFR as compared with euthyroid subjects (n = 66 542). In (subclinical) hyperthyroid subjects (n = 2254), average eGFR was 3.01 (1.50-4.52) mL/min/1.73 m2 higher. During 329 713 patient years of follow-up, eGFR did not decline more rapidly in individuals with low thyroid function compared with individuals with normal thyroid function.\ Low thyroid function is not associated with a deterioration of renal function. The cross-sectional association may be explained by renal dysfunction causing thyroid hormone alterations.},
	author = {Meuwese, C. L. and van Diepen, M. and Cappola, A. R. and Sarnak, M. J. and Shlipak, M. G. and Bauer, D. C. and Fried, L. P. and Iacoviello, M. and Vaes, B. and Degryse, J. and Khaw, K. T. and Luben, R. N. and ?svold, B. O. and Bj?ro, T. and Vatten, L. J. and de Craen, A. J. M. and Trompet, S. and Iervasi, G. and Molinaro, S. and Ceresini, G. and Ferrucci, L. and Dullaart, R. P. F. and Bakker, S. J. L. and Jukema, J. W. and Kearney, P. M. and Stott, D. J. and Peeters, R. P. and Franco, O. H. and V?lzke, H. and Walsh, J. P. and Bremner, A. and Sgarbi, J. A. and Maciel, R. M. B. and Imaizumi, M. and Ohishi, W. and Dekker, F. W. and Rodondi, N. and Gussekloo, J. and den Elzen, W. P. J.}
}
