@article {8524,
	title = {{Low thyroid function is not associated with an accelerated deterioration in renal function},
	journal = {Nephrol Dial Transplant},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2019},
	month = {04},
	pages = {650{\textendash}659},
	abstract = {Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is frequently accompanied by thyroid hormone dysfunction. It is currently unclear whether these alterations are the cause or consequence of CKD. This study aimed at studying the effect of thyroid hormone alterations on renal function in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses in individuals from all adult age groups.\ Individual participant data (IPD) from 16 independent cohorts having measured thyroid stimulating hormone, free thyroxine levels and creatinine levels were included. Thyroid hormone status was defined using clinical cut-off values. Estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) were calculated by means of the four-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula. For this IPD meta-analysis, eGFR at baseline and eGFR change during follow-up were computed by fitting linear regression models and linear mixed models in each cohort separately. Effect estimates were pooled using random effects models.\ A total of 72 856 individuals from 16 different cohorts were included. At baseline, individuals with overt hypothyroidism (n = 704) and subclinical hypothyroidism (n = 3356) had a average (95\% confidence interval) -4.07 (-6.37 to -1.78) and -2.40 (-3.78 to -1.02) mL/min/1.73 m2 lower eGFR as compared with euthyroid subjects (n = 66 542). In (subclinical) hyperthyroid subjects (n = 2254), average eGFR was 3.01 (1.50-4.52) mL/min/1.73 m2 higher. During 329 713 patient years of follow-up, eGFR did not decline more rapidly in individuals with low thyroid function compared with individuals with normal thyroid function.\ Low thyroid function is not associated with a deterioration of renal function. The cross-sectional association may be explained by renal dysfunction causing thyroid hormone alterations.},
	author = {Meuwese, C. L. and van Diepen, M. and Cappola, A. R. and Sarnak, M. J. and Shlipak, M. G. and Bauer, D. C. and Fried, L. P. and Iacoviello, M. and Vaes, B. and Degryse, J. and Khaw, K. T. and Luben, R. N. and ?svold, B. O. and Bj?ro, T. and Vatten, L. J. and de Craen, A. J. M. and Trompet, S. and Iervasi, G. and Molinaro, S. and Ceresini, G. and Ferrucci, L. and Dullaart, R. P. F. and Bakker, S. J. L. and Jukema, J. W. and Kearney, P. M. and Stott, D. J. and Peeters, R. P. and Franco, O. H. and V?lzke, H. and Walsh, J. P. and Bremner, A. and Sgarbi, J. A. and Maciel, R. M. B. and Imaizumi, M. and Ohishi, W. and Dekker, F. W. and Rodondi, N. and Gussekloo, J. and den Elzen, W. P. J.}
}
@article {8638,
	title = {{An individual participant data analysis of prospective cohort studies on the association between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and depressive symptoms},
	journal = {Sci Rep},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {11},
	pages = {19111},
	abstract = {{In subclinical hypothyroidism, the presence of depressive symptoms is often a reason for starting levothyroxine treatment. However, data are conflicting on the association between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and depressive symptoms. We aimed to examine the association between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and depressive symptoms in all prospective cohorts with relevant data available. We performed a systematic review of the literature from Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and the Cochrane Library from inception to 10th May 2019. We included prospective cohorts with data on thyroid status at baseline and depressive symptoms during follow-up. The primary outcome was depressive symptoms measured at first available follow-up, expressed on the Beck{\textquoteright}s Depression Inventory (BDI) scale (range 0-63, higher values indicate more depressive symptoms, minimal clinically important difference: 5 points). We performed a two-stage individual participant data (IPD) analysis comparing participants with subclinical hypo- or hyperthyroidism versus euthyroidism, adjusting for depressive symptoms at baseline, age, sex, education, and income (PROSPERO CRD42018091627). Six cohorts met the inclusion criteria, with IPD on 23,038 participants. Their mean age was 60 years, 65\% were female, 21,025 were euthyroid, 1342 had subclinical hypothyroidism and 671 subclinical hyperthyroidism. At first available follow-up [mean 8.2 ({\^A}{\textpm} 4.3) years], BDI scores did not differ between participants with subclinical hypothyroidism (mean difference = 0.29, 95\% confidence interval = - 0.17 to 0.76},
	author = {Wildisen, L. and Del Giovane, C. and Moutzouri, E. and Beglinger, S. and Syrogiannouli, L. and Collet, T. H. and Cappola, A. R. and ?svold, B. O. and Bakker, S. J. L. and Yeap, B. B. and Almeida, O. P. and Ceresini, G. and Dullaart, R. P. F. and Ferrucci, L. and Grabe, H. and Jukema, J. W. and Nauck, M. and Trompet, S. and V?lzke, H. and Westendorp, R. and Gussekloo, J. and Kl?ppel, S. and Aujesky, D. and Bauer, D. and Peeters, R. and Feller, M. and Rodondi, N.}
}
