@article {851, title = {Neuropsychological characteristics of mild cognitive impairment subgroups.}, journal = {J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry}, volume = {77}, year = {2006}, month = {2006 Feb}, pages = {159-65}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: To describe the neuropsychological characteristics of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subgroups identified in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) cognition study.

METHODS: MCI was classified as MCI-amnestic type (MCI-AT): patients with documented memory deficits but otherwise normal cognitive function; and MCI-multiple cognitive deficits type (MCI-MCDT): impairment of at least one cognitive domain (not including memory), or one abnormal test in at least two other domains, but who had not crossed the dementia threshold. The MCI subjects did not have systemic, neurological, or psychiatric disorders likely to affect cognition.

RESULTS: MCI-AT (n = 10) had worse verbal and non-verbal memory performance than MCI-MCDT (n = 28) or normal controls (n = 374). By contrast, MCI-MCDT had worse language, psychomotor speed, fine motor control, and visuoconstructional function than MCI-AT or normal controls. MCI-MCDT subjects had memory deficits, though they were less pronounced than in MCI-AT. Of the MCI-MCDT cases, 22 (78.5\%) had memory deficits, and 6 (21.5\%) did not. MCI-MCDT with memory disorders had more language deficits than MCI-MCDT without memory disorders. By contrast, MCI-MCDT without memory deficits had more fine motor control deficits than MCI-MCDT with memory deficits.

CONCLUSIONS: The most frequent form of MCI was the MCI-MCDT with memory deficits. However, the identification of memory impaired MCI groups did not reflect the true prevalence of MCI in a population, as 16\% of all MCI cases and 21.5\% of the MCI-MCDT cases did not have memory impairment. Study of idiopathic amnestic and non-amnestic forms of MCI is essential for an understanding of the aetiology of MCI.

}, keywords = {Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Amnesia, Cognition Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychometrics, Reference Values}, issn = {0022-3050}, doi = {10.1136/jnnp.2004.045567}, author = {Lopez, O L and Becker, J T and Jagust, W J and Fitzpatrick, A and Carlson, M C and DeKosky, S T and Breitner, J and Lyketsos, C G and Jones, B and Kawas, C and Kuller, L H} } @article {954, title = {Physical activity and white matter lesion progression: assessment using MRI.}, journal = {Neurology}, volume = {68}, year = {2007}, month = {2007 Apr 10}, pages = {1223-6}, abstract = {

We evaluated the association between physical activity and changes in white matter lesions (WMLs) on MRI in a sample of 179 older adults comprising 59 incident cases of Alzheimer disease, 60 persons with mild cognitive impairment, and 60 persons who remained cognitively stable over a median 5-year follow-up. Physical activity was not significantly associated with a decreased rate of periventricular or deep WML progression.

}, keywords = {Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Cognition Disorders, Cohort Studies, Demyelinating Diseases, Disease Progression, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Motor Activity, United States}, issn = {1526-632X}, doi = {10.1212/01.wnl.0000259063.50219.3e}, author = {Podewils, L J and Guallar, E and Beauchamp, N and Lyketsos, C G and Kuller, L H and Scheltens, P} }