@article {8707, title = {Associations of Serum Nonesterified Fatty Acids With Coronary Heart Disease Mortality and Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction: The CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study) Cohort.}, journal = {J Am Heart Assoc}, volume = {10}, year = {2021}, month = {2021 Mar 16}, pages = {e019135}, abstract = {

Background Significant associations have been reported between serum total nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality and incident nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) in some prospective cohort studies. Little is known about whether individual or subclasses (saturated, polyunsaturated [n-6 and n-3], and fatty acids) of serum NEFAs relate to CHD mortality and nonfatal MI. Methods and Results CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study) participants (N=1681) who had no history of MI, angina, or revascularization or were free of MI at baseline (1996-1997) were included. NEFAs were quantified using gas chromatography. Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate associations of 5 subclasses and individual NEFAs with CHD composite (CHD mortality and nonfatal MI), CHD mortality, and incident nonfatal MI. During a median follow-up of 11.7~years, 266 cases of CHD death and 271 cases of nonfatal MI occurred. In the fully adjusted model, no significant associations were identified between individual NEFA and CHD composite. Exploratory analyses indicated that lauric acid (12:0) was negatively associated (hazard ratio [HR], 0.76; 95\% CI, 0.59-0.98; =0.0328) and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3n-6) was positively associated with CHD mortality (HR, 1.34; 95\% CI, 1.02-1.76; =0.0351). Elaidic acid (18:1n-7) was positively associated with incident nonfatal MI (HR, 1.46; 95\% CI, 1.01-2.12; =0.0445). No significant associations were observed for NEFA subclass and any outcomes. Conclusions In CHS participants, 2 NEFAs, dihomo-γ-linolenic and elaidic acids, were positively associated with CHD mortality and nonfatal MI, respectively, suggesting potential susceptibility biomarkers for risks of CHD mortality and nonfatal MI.

}, issn = {2047-9980}, doi = {10.1161/JAHA.120.019135}, author = {Huang, Neil K and B{\r u}zkov{\'a}, Petra and Matthan, Nirupa R and Djouss{\'e}, Luc and Hirsch, Calvin H and Kizer, Jorge R and Longstreth, W T and Mukamal, Kenneth J and Lichtenstein, Alice H} } @article {8993, title = {Serum Nonesterified Fatty Acids and Incident Stroke: The CHS.}, journal = {J Am Heart Assoc}, volume = {10}, year = {2021}, month = {2021 11 16}, pages = {e022725}, abstract = {

Background Significant associations between total nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations and incident stroke have been reported in some prospective cohort studies. We evaluated the associations between incident stroke and serum concentrations of nonesterified saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and fatty acids. Methods and Results CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study) participants (N=2028) who were free of stroke at baseline (1996-1997) and had an archived fasting serum sample were included in this study. A total of 35 NEFAs were quantified using gas chromatography. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate associations of 5 subclasses (nonesterified saturated, monounsaturated, omega (n)-6 polyunsaturated, n-3 polyunsaturated, and fatty acids) of NEFAs and individual NEFAs with incident stroke. Sensitivity analysis was conducted by excluding cases with hemorrhagic stroke (n=45). A total of 338 cases of incident stroke occurred during the median 10.5-year follow-up period. Total n-3 (hazard ratio [HR], 0.77 [95\% CI, 0.61-0.97]) and n-6 (HR, 1.32 [95\% CI, 1.01-1.73]) subclasses of NEFA were negatively and positively associated with incident stroke, respectively. Among individual NEFAs, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3n-6) was associated with higher risk (HR, 1.29 [95\% CI, 1.02-1.63]), whereas -7-hexadecenoic acid (16:1n-9) and arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) were associated with a lower risk (HR, 0.67 [95\% CI, 0.47-0.97]; HR, 0.81 [95\% CI. 0.65-1.00], respectively) of incident stroke per standard deviation increment. After the exclusion of cases with hemorrhagic stroke, these associations did not remain significant. Conclusions A total of 2 NEFA subclasses and 3 individual NEFAs were associated with incident stroke. Of these, the NEFA n-3 subclass and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid are diet derived and may be potential biomarkers for total stroke risk.

}, keywords = {8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Hemorrhagic Stroke, Humans, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Stroke, Trans Fatty Acids}, issn = {2047-9980}, doi = {10.1161/JAHA.121.022725}, author = {Huang, Neil K and Biggs, Mary L and Matthan, Nirupa R and Djouss{\'e}, Luc and Longstreth, W T and Mukamal, Kenneth J and Siscovick, David S and Lichtenstein, Alice H} } @article {8911, title = {Serum Non-Esterified Fatty Acids, Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness and Flow-Mediated Dilation in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS).}, journal = {Nutrients}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {2021 Aug 31}, abstract = {

Elevated common carotid artery intima-media thickness (carotid IMT) and diminished flow-mediated dilation (FMD) are early subclinical indicators of atherosclerosis. Serum total non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations have been positively associated with subclinical atherosclerosis. The relations between individual NEFA, carotid IMT and FMD have as yet to be assessed. We investigated the associations between fasting serum individual NEFA, carotid IMT and FMD among Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) participants with ( = 255 for carotid IMT, 301 for FMD) or without ( = 1314 for carotid IMT, 1462 for FMD) known atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Using archived samples (fasting) collected from 1996-1997 (baseline), 35 individual NEFAs were measured using gas chromatography. Carotid IMT and estimated plaque thickness (mean of maximum internal carotid IMT) were determined in 1998-1999. FMD was measured in 1997-1998. Linear regression adjusted by the Holm-Bonferroni method was used to assess relations between individual NEFA, carotid IMT and FMD. In multivariable adjusted linear regression models per SD increment, the non-esterified fatty acid conjugated linoleic acid (-18:2 CLA) was positively associated with carotid IMT [β (95\% CI): 44.8 (19.2, 70.4), = 0.025] among participants with, but not without, ASCVD [2.16 (-6.74, 11.5), = 1.000]. Non-esterified -palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7) was positively associated with FMD [19.7 (8.34, 31.0), = 0.024] among participants without, but not with ASCVD. No significant associations between NEFAs and estimated plaque thickness were observed. In older adults, serum non-esterified CLA and palmitoleic acid were positively associated with carotid IMT and FMD, respectively, suggesting potential modifiable biomarkers for arteriopathy.

}, keywords = {Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Atherosclerosis, Biomarkers, Brachial Artery, Carotid Artery, Common, Carotid Intima-Media Thickness, Dilatation, Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Female, Humans, Linoleic Acid, Male, Regional Blood Flow, Risk Factors, Ultrasonography}, issn = {2072-6643}, doi = {10.3390/nu13093052}, author = {Huang, Neil K and B{\r u}zkov{\'a}, Petra and Matthan, Nirupa R and Djouss{\'e}, Luc and Kizer, Jorge R and Mukamal, Kenneth J and Polak, Joseph F and Lichtenstein, Alice H} }