@article {956, title = {ABO blood group, other risk factors and incidence of venous thromboembolism: the Longitudinal Investigation of Thromboembolism Etiology (LITE).}, journal = {J Thromb Haemost}, volume = {5}, year = {2007}, month = {2007 Jul}, pages = {1455-61}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Numerous case-control studies have reported higher prevalence of non-O blood type among venous thromboembolism (VTE) patients than controls, but potential mechanisms or effect modifiers for the association are not fully established.

PATIENTS/METHODS: Using a nested case-control design combining the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities and the Cardiovascular Health Study cohort, ABO blood type and other VTE risk factors were measured on pre-event blood samples of 492 participants who subsequently developed VTE and 1008 participants who remained free of VTE.

RESULTS: A total of 64.4\% of cases and 52.5\% of controls had non-O blood type. Among controls, mean values of factor VIIIc (FVIIIc) and von Willebrand factor among the non-O blood type group were higher than among the O group. Compared with O blood type, the age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) of VTE for non-O blood type was 1.64 (95\% CI, 1.32-2.05) and was similar for the two parent studies and race groups. Further adjustment for sex, race, body mass index, diabetes mellitus and FVIIIc reduced the OR: 1.31 (95\% CI, 1.02-1.68). Factor V Leiden (FV Leiden) appeared to modify the non-O blood type association with VTE in a supra-additive fashion, with an age-, sex- and race-adjusted OR of 6.77 (95\% CI, 3.65-12.6) for having both risk factors.

CONCLUSIONS: Non-O blood type was independently associated with risk of VTE, and added to the risk associated with FV Leiden.

}, keywords = {ABO Blood-Group System, Aged, Case-Control Studies, Diabetes Complications, Factor V, Factor VIII, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Thromboembolism, Venous Thrombosis, von Willebrand Factor}, issn = {1538-7933}, doi = {10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02579.x}, author = {Ohira, T and Cushman, M and Tsai, M Y and Zhang, Y and Heckbert, S R and Zakai, N A and Rosamond, W D and Folsom, A R} } @article {1073, title = {Metabolic syndrome and risk of venous thromboembolism: Longitudinal Investigation of Thromboembolism Etiology.}, journal = {J Thromb Haemost}, volume = {7}, year = {2009}, month = {2009 May}, pages = {746-51}, abstract = {

SUMMARY BACKGROUND: In a recent case-control study, the odds of metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) among deep vein thrombosis cases were almost twice those among controls. We tested the hypothesis that the incidence of non-cancer-related venous thromboembolism (VTE) is higher among adults with MetSyn and further, that associations are stronger for idiopathic than secondary VTE.

METHODS: A total of 20 374 middle-aged and elderly adults were followed for over 12 years for incident VTE in the Longitudinal Investigation of Thromboembolism Etiology (LITE). All hospitalizations were identified and VTEs validated by chart review. Baseline MetSyn was defined using ATP III guidelines, including >or=3 of the following components: abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, low HDL-cholesterol, high triglycerides and high glucose. Because sex modified the relation between MetSyn and VTE (p(interaction) = 0.001), proportional hazards regression analyses were stratified by sex to assess the associations of MetSyn and its components with risk of incident non-cancer-related VTE, adjusting for potential confounders.

RESULTS: Incident VTE (n = 358) included 196 idiopathic events. Baseline MetSyn was associated with risk of total VTE (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.84, 95\% CI = 1.30, 2.59) and idiopathic VTE (HR = 1.59, 95\% CI = 1.02, 2.47) among men, but not women. The association was largely attributable to abdominal obesity (HR of VTE = 2.10, 95\% CI = 1.51, 2.93, in men; HR of VTE = 1.70, 95\% CI = 1.24, 2.34, in women), with no additional contribution by the other MetSyn components.

CONCLUSION: Although abdominal obesity was associated with increased risk of VTE in both men and women, MetSyn and its other components do not seem important in VTE etiology.

}, keywords = {Blood Coagulation Factors, Blood Glucose, Blood Pressure, Body Mass Index, Cohort Studies, Female, Fibrinogen, Humans, Lipids, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Metabolic Syndrome, Proportional Hazards Models, Risk Factors, Venous Thromboembolism}, issn = {1538-7836}, doi = {10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03295.x}, author = {Steffen, L M and Cushman, M and Peacock, J M and Heckbert, S R and Jacobs, D R and Rosamond, W D and Folsom, A R} }