@article {977, title = {Risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage in a pooled prospective study.}, journal = {Stroke}, volume = {38}, year = {2007}, month = {2007 Oct}, pages = {2718-25}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Few prospective studies have reported risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and results are inconsistent. We studied risk factors for ICH in a pooled cohort of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC) and the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS).

METHODS: The ARIC cohort was recruited in 1987 to 1989 and involves 15 792 men and women, aged 45 to 64 years at baseline, sampled from 4 US communities. The CHS cohort was recruited in 1989 to 1993 and involves 5888 men and women, aged 65 or over at baseline, sampled from 4 US communities. Baseline measurements included many potential vascular risk factors. The cohorts were followed for incident stroke events.

RESULTS: Over 263 489 person-years of follow-up, 135 incident ICH events occurred. In a multivariable model, age, African-American ethnicity (versus Whites), and hypertension were positively associated with incident ICH, whereas low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were inversely related to incident ICH. Participants with systolic blood pressure >or=160 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure >/=110 mm Hg had 5.55 (95\% CI 3.07 to 10.0) times the rate of ICH as nonhypertensives. Sex, smoking, alcohol intake, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, waist circumference, and diabetes were not related to ICH.

CONCLUSIONS: In this pooled cohort the risk factors for ICH were older age, African-American ethnicity, hypertension, lower LDL-C, and lower triglycerides.

}, keywords = {African Americans, Age Distribution, Cerebral Hemorrhage, Cholesterol, LDL, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Hypertension, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Predictive Value of Tests, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Stroke, Triglycerides}, issn = {1524-4628}, doi = {10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.487090}, author = {Sturgeon, Jared D and Folsom, Aaron R and Longstreth, W T and Shahar, Eyal and Rosamond, Wayne D and Cushman, Mary} } @article {1036, title = {Hemostatic and inflammatory risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage in a pooled cohort.}, journal = {Stroke}, volume = {39}, year = {2008}, month = {2008 Aug}, pages = {2268-73}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify novel risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke (ICH).

METHODS: Risk factors were assessed at baseline in a pooled cohort of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC) and the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) involving 21,680 adults aged 45 or over. Over 263,489 person-years of follow-up, we identified 135 incident ICH events.

RESULTS: In multivariable models, for each SD higher baseline level of fibrinogen, the relative rate of incident ICH increased 35\% (95\% CI, 17\% to 55\%). Fibrinogen was more strongly related to ICH in ARIC than in CHS. In multivariable models, those with von Willebrand factor levels above the median were 1.72 (95\% CI, 0.97 to 3.03) times more likely to have an incident ICH as those below the median. Factor VIII was significantly positively related to ICH in ARIC (relative rate per standard deviation of 1.31; 95\% CI, 1.07 to 1.62), but not in CHS. There was no relation in multivariable models between lipoprotein (a), Factor VII, white blood cell count, or C-reactive protein and ICH.

CONCLUSIONS: Greater plasma fibrinogen and, to some degree, von Willebrand factor were associated with increased rates of ICH in these prospective studies, whereas Factor VIII was related to ICH in younger ARIC study participants only.

}, keywords = {Age Distribution, Aged, Biomarkers, C-Reactive Protein, Cerebral Hemorrhage, Cohort Studies, Factor VIII, Female, Fibrinogen, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Leukocyte Count, Lipoprotein(a), Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Stroke, United States, Vasculitis, von Willebrand Factor}, issn = {1524-4628}, doi = {10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.505800}, author = {Sturgeon, Jared D and Folsom, Aaron R and Longstreth, W T and Shahar, Eyal and Rosamond, Wayne D and Cushman, Mary} }