@article {9532, title = {Neighborhood greenspace and neighborhood income associated with white matter grade worsening: Cardiovascular Health Study.}, journal = {Alzheimers Dement (Amst)}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {2023 Oct-Dec}, pages = {e12484}, abstract = {

INTRODUCTION: We examined whether a combined measure of neighborhood greenspace and neighborhood median income was associated with white matter hyperintensity (WMH) and ventricle size changes.

METHODS: The sample included 1260 cognitively normal >= 65-year-olds with two magnetic resonance images (MRI; ≈ 5 years apart). WMH and ventricular size were graded from 0 (least) to 9 (most) abnormal (worsening~=~increase of >=1 grade from initial to follow-up MRI scans). The four-category neighborhood greenspace-income measure was based on median neighborhood greenspace and income values at initial MRI. Multivariable logistic regression tested associations between neighborhood greenspace-income and MRI measures (worsening vs. not).

RESULTS: White matter grade worsening was more likely for those in lower greenspace-lower income neighborhoods than higher greenspace-higher income neighborhoods (odds ratio~=~1.73; 95\% confidence interval~=~1.19-2.51).

DISCUSSION: The combination of lower neighborhood income and lower greenspace may be a risk factor for worsening white matter grade on MRI. However, findings need to be replicated in more diverse cohorts.

HIGHLIGHTS: Population-based cohort of older adults (>= 65 years) with greenspace and MRI dataCombined measure of neighborhood greenspace and neighborhood income at initial MRIMRI outcomes included white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and ventricular sizeLongitudinal change in MRI outcomes measured approximately 5 years apartWorsening WMH over time more likely for lower greenspace-lower income neighborhoods.

}, issn = {2352-8729}, doi = {10.1002/dad2.12484}, author = {Besser, Lilah M and Lovasi, Gina S and Zambrano, Joyce Jimenez and Camacho, Simone and Dhanekula, Devi and Michael, Yvonne L and Garg, Parveen and Hirsch, Jana A and Siscovick, David and Hurvitz, Philip M and Biggs, Mary L and Galvin, James E and Bartz, Traci M and Longstreth, W T} }