@article {1019,
	title = {Associations between common fibrinogen gene polymorphisms and cardiovascular disease in older adults. The Cardiovascular Health Study.},
	journal = {Thromb Haemost},
	volume = {99},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008 Feb},
	pages = {388-95},
	abstract = {<p>Elevated plasma fibrinogen is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), but associations between fibrinogen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and disease risk are inconsistent. We investigated whether common (> or = 5\% minor allele frequency) variation in the fibrinogen genes (FGA, FGB, FGG) is associated with fibrinogen concentration, carotid artery intima-medial thickness (IMT) and risk of incident myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke and CVD mortality in European- (EA) and African-descent (AA) adults (> or = 65 years) from the Cardiovascular Health Study. TagSNPs were genotyped in 3,969 EA and 719 AA free of MI or stroke at baseline. Race-specific models included multiple testing correction and adjustment for sex, age and site. Among EA, minor alleles of FGA3807, FGB1437 and FGG902 were associated with higher fibrinogen levels; whereas FGA251, FGA2224, FGA6534 and FGG10034 were associated with lower levels, p<0.004 for each. Strongest associations were seen for FGB1437; each additional copy of the minor allele was associated with 13 mg/dl (95\%CI: 9-16) higher fibrinogen level. Similar trends in AA were not significant. Fibrinogen haplotypes were not significantly associated with internal or common carotid IMT. No associations with MI or CVD mortality were seen in EA, though FGB1038 and FGG902 were significantly associated with increased and decreased risk of stroke in men, respectively, as were related haplotypes. FGB1038 was also associated with CVD mortality in AA, HR = 1.9 (95\%CI: 1.3-2.7). In conclusion, while fibrinogen genetic variation was strongly associated with fibrinogen levels, there was less evidence of association with the more complex outcomes of IMT and CVD events.</p>},
	keywords = {African Americans, Age Factors, Aged, Brain Ischemia, Cardiovascular Diseases, Carotid Artery Diseases, European Continental Ancestry Group, Female, Fibrinogen, Gene Frequency, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Haplotypes, Humans, Male, Myocardial Infarction, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Population Surveillance, Proportional Hazards Models, Prospective Studies, Reproducibility of Results, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Stroke, United States},
	issn = {0340-6245},
	doi = {10.1160/TH07-08-0523},
	author = {Carty, Cara L and Cushman, Mary and Jones, Daniel and Lange, Leslie A and Hindorff, Lucia A and Rice, Kenneth and Jenny, Nancy S and Durda, J Peter and Walston, Jeremy and Carlson, Christopher S and Nickerson, Debbie and Tracy, Russell P and Reiner, Alex P}
}
