@article {1232, title = {Geriatric impairments and disability: the cardiovascular health study.}, journal = {J Am Geriatr Soc}, volume = {58}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Sep}, pages = {1686-92}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVES: To determine the relative importance of geriatric impairments (in muscle strength, physical capacity, cognition, vision, hearing, and psychological status) and chronic diseases in predicting subsequent functional disability in longitudinal analyses.

DESIGN: Longitudinal data from the Cardiovascular Health Study were analyzed. Multivariable Cox hazards regression modeling was used to analyze associations between time-dependent predictors and onset of disability in activities of daily living (ADLs) and mobility.

SETTING: Four communities across the United States (Sacramento County, CA; Washington County, MD; Forsyth County, NC; and Allegheny County, PA).

PARTICIPANTS: Five thousand eight hundred eighty-eight elderly persons.

MEASUREMENTS: Data were collected annually through in-person examinations.

RESULTS: ADL disability developed in 15\% of participants and mobility disability in 30\%. A single multivariable model was developed that included demographics, marital status, body mass index, and number of impairments and diseases. The hazard ratios (HRs) of having one, two, and three or more geriatric impairments (vs none) for the outcome of ADL disability were 2.12 (95\% confidence interval (CI)=1.63-2.75), 4.25 (95\% CI=3.30-5.48), and 7.87 (95\% CI=6.10-10.17), respectively, and for having one, two, and three or more chronic diseases were 1.75 (95\% CI=1.41-2.19), 2.45 (95\% CI=1.95-3.07), and 3.26 (95\% CI=2.53-4.19), respectively. Similarly, the HRs of having one, two, and three or more impairments for the outcome of mobility disability were 1.48 (95\% CI=1.27-1.73), 2.08 (95\% CI=1.77-2.45), and 3.70 (95\% CI=3.09-4.42), respectively, and for having one, two, and three or more diseases were 2.06 (95\% CI=1.76-2.40), 2.80 (95\% CI=2.36-3.31), and 4.20 (95\% CI=3.44-5.14), respectively.

CONCLUSION: Number of geriatric impairments was more strongly associated than number of chronic diseases with subsequent ADL disability and nearly as strongly associated with the subsequent mobility disability.

}, keywords = {Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cardiac Rehabilitation, Cardiovascular Diseases, Disabled Persons, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Geriatric Assessment, Health Status, Humans, Male, Morbidity, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Time Factors, United States}, issn = {1532-5415}, doi = {10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03022.x}, author = {Chaudhry, Sarwat I and McAvay, Gail and Ning, Yuming and Allore, Heather G and Newman, Anne B and Gill, Thomas M} } @article {5853, title = {Results differ by applying distinctive multiple imputation approaches on the longitudinal cardiovascular health study data.}, journal = {Exp Aging Res}, volume = {39}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, pages = {27-43}, abstract = {

UNLABELLED: BACKGROUND/STUDY CONTEXT: The objective of this study was to examine sequential and simultaneous approaches to multiple imputation of missing data in a longitudinal data set where losses due to death were common.

METHODS: Comparison of results from analyses and simulations of time to incident difficulty of activities of daily living (ADL) in the Cardiovascular Health Study when missing data were imputed simultaneously or sequentially.

RESULTS: Results differed with imputation methods. The largest proportional differences in 12 risk factor parameter estimates were heart failure by 106\%, social support by 33\%, and arthritis by 27\%.

CONCLUSION: Decedents{\textquoteright} final characteristics were influential on future imputations of those with missing values.

}, keywords = {Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Arthritis, Cardiac Rehabilitation, Cardiovascular Diseases, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Regression Analysis, Social Support}, issn = {1096-4657}, doi = {10.1080/0361073X.2013.741968}, author = {Ning, Yuming and McAvay, Gail and Chaudhry, Sarwat I and Arnold, Alice M and Allore, Heather G} }