@article {1527,
	title = {Classification accuracy of electrocardiographic criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy in normal weight and overweight older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study},
	journal = {Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology},
	volume = {1},
	year = {1996},
	month = {1996-01-01},
	pages = {132},
	chapter = {121},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND We evaluated classification accuracy of ECG criteria at varying levels of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) severity according to echocardiographically measured left ventricular mass (LVM) adjusted body size. METHODS: The test population was derived from the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), a population based sample of 5201 men and women aged 65 and older, and consisted of 1844 women and 1119 men with adequate quality ECGs and echocardiograms for LVM determination. The criteria evaluated were Sokolow-Lyon, Cornell Voltage, Cornell product, Framingham modification of Cornell voltage, and the left ventricular mass index (LVMI) of the Novacode ECG program. RESULTS: With LVH thresholds at upper 95\% normal limit for weight adjusted LVM for the CHS population and ECG thresholds adjusted for 95\% specificity in normal weight and overweight subgroups, the sensitivity of ECG criteria for LVH was relatively low. it was highest (40.8\%) for the Novacode LVMI in normal weight men and for the Framingham criteria (30.9\%) in normal weight women, but it deteriorated for both of these criteria in the presence of obesity. The overall performance of the Cornell product and Cornell voltage criteria was least influenced by obesity. The Framingham adjustment for the Cornell Voltage criteria for obesity substantially reduced their sensitivity. CONCLUSION: The choice of echocardiographic standard, LVH severity level and overweight in the test groups have a strong influence on ECG evaluation results.},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Body Size, classification, Health, Hypertrophy, methods, Obesity, Population},
	author = {Rautaharju, PM and Manolio, TA and Siscovick, D and Zhou, SH and Gardin, JM and Furberg, CD and Borhani, NO and Newman, AB}
}
@article {1531,
	title = {The number of sick persons in a cohort.},
	journal = {Research on Aging},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007-01-01},
	chapter = {555},
	abstract = {In the Cardiovascular Health Study, a cohort study of older adults followed up to 14 years, the number of sick persons was approximately constant over time. This was true whether we defined {\textquotedblleft}sick{\textquotedblright} based on self-rated health, ADL or IADL difficulties, the timed walk, bed days, depression, cognitive problems, or cardiovascular disease. To better understand this phenomenon, we estimated the probabilities of transition among the healthy, sick, and dead states, and projected the number who would be in each health state over time for a birth cohort. The estimated number of sick persons in the birth cohort increased slowly over time and was approximately constant from ages 55-75, after which it decreased. The relative excess of older persons who are sick in later life is caused by a decline in the number of healthy persons rather than an increase in the number who are sick. Estimated total medical expenditures for a birth cohort may decline after about age 73. These findings may suggest a different way of thinking about trends in the health and medical expenditures of the population over time.},
	keywords = {Aging, equilibrium, transition probabilities, years of healthy life},
	author = {Diehr, P and Derleth, A and Newman, AB and Cai, L}
}
