@article {6737, title = {Changes in insulin-like growth factor-I and its binding proteins are associated with diabetes mellitus in older adults.}, journal = {J Am Geriatr Soc}, volume = {63}, year = {2015}, month = {2015 May}, pages = {902-9}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether changes in insulin-like growth factor (IGF) protein levels are greater in participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus or worsening glycemia than in normoglycemic individuals over a 9-year follow-up period.

DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of a cohort study.

SETTING: Participants were recruited from North Carolina, California, Maryland, and Pennsylvania.

PARTICIPANTS: Cardiovascular Health Study All Stars participants, a cohort study of community-dwelling adults aged 65 and older (N=897).

MEASUREMENTS: Plasma IGF-I, IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-1, and IGFBP-3 levels were assessed and American Diabetes Association cut-points for impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and diabetes mellitus were used to classify participants at baseline (1996-97) and follow-up (2005-06).

RESULTS: At baseline, mean age was 76.3{\textpm}3.6, and 18.5\% had diabetes mellitus. Participants with IFG alone and IGT plus IFG had higher IGF-I levels and lower IGFBP-1 levels than those with normoglycemia or diabetes mellitus. The greatest percentage change in IGF levels occurred in those who had diabetes mellitus at baseline (9-year changes: -9.3\% for IGF-I, 59.7\% for IGFBP-1, -13.4\% for IGFBP-3), the smallest in individuals who remained normoglycemic at follow-up (9-year changes: -3.7\% for IGF-I, 25.6\% for IGFBP-1, -6.4\% for IGFBP-3), and intermediate in those who were normoglycemic but developed IFG at follow-up.

CONCLUSION: Degrees of glycemic impairment are associated with varying degrees of change in IGF protein levels. The changes observed in the diabetes mellitus group have been previously shown to be associated with heart failure, cancer, and noncancer mortality.

}, keywords = {Aged, Blood Glucose, Cohort Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1, Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Male, Retrospective Studies}, issn = {1532-5415}, doi = {10.1111/jgs.13390}, author = {Aneke-Nash, Chino S and Parrinello, Christina M and Rajpathak, Swapnil N and Rohan, Thomas E and Strotmeyer, Elsa S and Kritchevsky, Stephen B and Psaty, Bruce M and B{\r u}zkov{\'a}, Petra and Kizer, Jorge R and Newman, Anne B and Strickler, Howard D and Kaplan, Robert C} } @article {7547, title = {The Association Between IGF-I and IGFBP-3 and Incident Diabetes in an Older Population of Men and Women in the Cardiovascular Health Study.}, journal = {J Clin Endocrinol Metab}, volume = {102}, year = {2017}, month = {2017 Dec 01}, pages = {4541-4547}, abstract = {

Context: Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) has structural and functional similarities to insulin and may play a role in glucose homeostasis, along with insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), which binds the majority of circulating IGF-I.

Objective: To assess whether IGF-I and IGFBP-3 are associated with a higher risk of incident diabetes in older adults.

Design: Participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study (n = 3133), a cohort of adults aged >=65 years, were observed for 16 years (n = 3133) for the development of incident diabetes. Statistical models were fit separately for men and women because of interactions with sex (P interaction: IGF-I, 0.02; IGFBP-3, 0.009) and were adjusted for relevant covariates.

Setting: General community.

Participants: Older adults who were nondiabetic at baseline and who did not develop diabetes within the first year of follow-up.

Interventions: Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measure: Incident diabetes as measured by fasting plasma glucose (FPG) >=126 mg/dL, non-FPG >=200 mg/dL, use of pharmacological treatment of diabetes, or existence of two or more inpatient or three or more outpatient or (at least one inpatient and at least one outpatient) Centers for Medicare \& Medicaid Services claims with the diagnostic International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code of 250.xx.

Results: In women, higher IGFBP-3 (hazard ratio tertile 3 vs tertile 1 = 2.30; 95\% confidence interval, 1.55 to 3.40; P trend < 0.0001) was significantly associated with incident diabetes. Total IGF-I was not significantly associated with incident diabetes. In men, neither IGF-I nor IGFBP-3 was significantly associated with incident diabetes.

Conclusions: We confirmed a previously reported association between circulating IGFBP-3 and diabetes risk in the older adult population, establishing that this association is present among women but could not be shown to be associated in men.

}, keywords = {Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Biomarkers, Blood Glucose, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cohort Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Humans, Incidence, Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Longitudinal Studies, Male, New England, Prospective Studies, Risk}, issn = {1945-7197}, doi = {10.1210/jc.2017-01273}, author = {Aneke-Nash, Chino S and Xue, XiaoNan and Qi, Qibin and Biggs, Mary L and Cappola, Anne and Kuller, Lewis and Pollak, Michael and Psaty, Bruce M and Siscovick, David and Mukamal, Kenneth and Strickler, Howard D and Kaplan, Robert C} }