@article {6999, title = {Vitamin D and Memory Decline: Two Population-Based Prospective Studies.}, journal = {J Alzheimers Dis}, volume = {50}, year = {2016}, month = {2016}, pages = {1099-108}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency has been linked with dementia risk, cognitive decline, and executive dysfunction. However, the association with memory remains largely unknown.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations are associated with memory decline.

METHODS: We used data on 1,291 participants from the US Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) and 915 participants from the Dutch Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA) who were dementia-free at baseline, had valid vitamin D measurements, and follow-up memory assessments. The Benton Visual Retention Test (in the CHS) and Rey{\textquoteright}s Auditory Verbal Learning Test (in the LASA) were used to assess visual and verbal memory, respectively.

RESULTS: In the CHS, those moderately and severely deficient in serum 25(OH)D changed -0.03 SD (95\% CI: -0.06 to 0.01) and -0.10 SD (95\% CI: -0.19 to -0.02) per year respectively in visual memory compared to those sufficient (pā€Š=ā€Š0.02). In the LASA, moderate and severe deficiency in serum 25(OH)D was associated with a mean change of 0.01 SD (95\% CI: -0.01 to 0.02) and -0.01 SD (95\% CI: -0.04 to 0.02) per year respectively in verbal memory compared to sufficiency (pā€Š=ā€Š0.34).

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest an association between severe vitamin D deficiency and visual memory decline but no association with verbal memory decline. They warrant further investigation in prospective studies assessing different memory subtypes.

}, issn = {1875-8908}, doi = {10.3233/JAD-150811}, author = {Ku{\'z}ma, El{\.z}bieta and Soni, Maya and Littlejohns, Thomas J and Ranson, Janice M and van Schoor, Natasja M and Deeg, Dorly J H and Comijs, Hannie and Chaves, Paulo H M and Kestenbaum, Bryan R and Kuller, Lewis H and Lopez, Oscar L and Becker, James T and Langa, Kenneth M and Henley, William E and Lang, Iain A and Ukoumunne, Obioha C and Llewellyn, David J} }