@article {742, title = {Prospective study of the A455V polymorphism in the thrombomodulin gene, plasma thrombomodulin, and incidence of venous thromboembolism: the LITE Study.}, journal = {J Thromb Haemost}, volume = {1}, year = {2003}, month = {2003 Jan}, pages = {88-94}, abstract = {

Plasma thrombomodulin (soluble TM; sTM) is considered to be a marker of endothelial injury, but a recent report indicated that the relationship of sTM with thrombosis is complex. Venous thromboembolic events were identified in adults in two longitudinal cohort studies, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study and the Cardiovascular Health Study, totaling 21 690 participants. After 8 years of follow-up, sTM was measured in baseline plasma of 305 participants who developed venous thrombosis and 607 who did not. Thrombomodulin A455V genotype was determined in 302 cases and 626 controls. There was no difference in the prevalence of the three TM genotypes between cases and controls and no difference in age-adjusted mean values of sTM by genotype. There were no associations of age-adjusted sTM or TMA455V genotype with overall venous thromboembolism or with thrombosis in any subtype of venous thromboembolism.

}, keywords = {Age Factors, Aged, Amino Acid Substitution, Case-Control Studies, Female, Genotype, Humans, Incidence, Male, Polymorphism, Genetic, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Thromboembolism, Thrombomodulin, Venous Thrombosis}, issn = {1538-7933}, doi = {10.1046/j.1538-7836.2003.00029.x}, author = {Aleksic, N and Folsom, A R and Cushman, M and Heckbert, S R and Tsai, M Y and Wu, K K} } @article {956, title = {ABO blood group, other risk factors and incidence of venous thromboembolism: the Longitudinal Investigation of Thromboembolism Etiology (LITE).}, journal = {J Thromb Haemost}, volume = {5}, year = {2007}, month = {2007 Jul}, pages = {1455-61}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Numerous case-control studies have reported higher prevalence of non-O blood type among venous thromboembolism (VTE) patients than controls, but potential mechanisms or effect modifiers for the association are not fully established.

PATIENTS/METHODS: Using a nested case-control design combining the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities and the Cardiovascular Health Study cohort, ABO blood type and other VTE risk factors were measured on pre-event blood samples of 492 participants who subsequently developed VTE and 1008 participants who remained free of VTE.

RESULTS: A total of 64.4\% of cases and 52.5\% of controls had non-O blood type. Among controls, mean values of factor VIIIc (FVIIIc) and von Willebrand factor among the non-O blood type group were higher than among the O group. Compared with O blood type, the age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) of VTE for non-O blood type was 1.64 (95\% CI, 1.32-2.05) and was similar for the two parent studies and race groups. Further adjustment for sex, race, body mass index, diabetes mellitus and FVIIIc reduced the OR: 1.31 (95\% CI, 1.02-1.68). Factor V Leiden (FV Leiden) appeared to modify the non-O blood type association with VTE in a supra-additive fashion, with an age-, sex- and race-adjusted OR of 6.77 (95\% CI, 3.65-12.6) for having both risk factors.

CONCLUSIONS: Non-O blood type was independently associated with risk of VTE, and added to the risk associated with FV Leiden.

}, keywords = {ABO Blood-Group System, Aged, Case-Control Studies, Diabetes Complications, Factor V, Factor VIII, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Thromboembolism, Venous Thrombosis, von Willebrand Factor}, issn = {1538-7933}, doi = {10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02579.x}, author = {Ohira, T and Cushman, M and Tsai, M Y and Zhang, Y and Heckbert, S R and Zakai, N A and Rosamond, W D and Folsom, A R} } @article {973, title = {Factor VII coagulant activity, factor VII -670A/C and -402G/A polymorphisms, and risk of venous thromboembolism.}, journal = {J Thromb Haemost}, volume = {5}, year = {2007}, month = {2007 Aug}, pages = {1674-8}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Most epidemiological studies have found no association between levels of factor (F) VII:C and venous thromboembolism (VTE). Our Longitudinal Investigation of Thromboembolism Etiology (LITE) had, in contrast, reported an independent, increased risk of VTE after 7.8 years of follow-up for those with high baseline levels of FVII:C.

OBJECTIVE: To confirm whether FVII:C is associated with VTE after 12.6 years of follow-up and to examine whether two FVII gene polymorphisms (-670A/C and -402G/A) are related to VTE occurrence.

METHODS: In 19 091 LITE participants with no prior history of VTE or cancer, we measured FVII:C at baseline and identified 404 new VTEs. We also performed a nested case-control study to relate the polymorphisms to VTE (n = 490 without exclusion for cancer or prior VTE).

RESULTS: FVII:C was not independently associated with VTE occurrence after extended follow-up. Multivariable-adjusted rate ratios for VTE were 1.00, 1.00, 0.94, 1.00, and 1.38 (P-trend = 0.48) for the <25th, 25th-49th, 50th-74th, 75th-94th, and >or=95th percentiles of FVII:C, respectively. The -670C and -402A alleles were in high linkage disequilibrium, and both were associated with greater FVII:C levels. However, neither polymorphism was associated with VTE occurrence.

CONCLUSION: After extended follow-up, LITE offers little evidence that a greater FVII level is a risk factor for VTE.

}, keywords = {Alleles, Antigens, Coagulants, Factor VII, Female, Genotype, Humans, Male, Polymorphism, Genetic, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Thromboembolism, Venous Thrombosis}, issn = {1538-7933}, doi = {10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02620.x}, author = {Folsom, A R and Cushman, M and Heckbert, S R and Ohira, T and Rasmussen-Torvik, L and Tsai, M Y} }