@article {1508, title = {Factor V Leiden is not a risk factor for arterial vascular disease in the elderly: results from the Cardiovascular Health Study.}, journal = {Thromb Haemost}, volume = {79}, year = {1998}, month = {1998 May}, pages = {912-5}, abstract = {

Coagulation factor V Leiden is a risk marker for venous thrombosis. For arterial thrombosis no large study to date has included population-based elderly patients. The Cardiovascular Health Study is a longitudinal study of 5,201 men and women over age 65. With 3.4-year follow-up, we studied 373 incident cases of myocardial infarction (MI), angina, stroke. or transient ischemic attack (TIA), and 482 controls. The odds ratios for each event with heterozygous factor V Leiden were: MI, 0.46 (95\% CI 0.17 to 1.25); angina, 1.0 (95\% CI 0.45 to 2.23); stroke, 0.77 (95\% CI 0.35 to 1.70): TIA, 1.33 (95\% CI 0.5 to 3.55); any outcome, 0.83 (95\% CI 0.48 to 1.44). Adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors did not change relationships. In older adults factor V Leiden is not a risk factor for future arterial thrombosis.

}, keywords = {Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Arteries, Factor V, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mutation, Risk Factors, Thrombosis}, issn = {0340-6245}, author = {Cushman, M and Rosendaal, F R and Psaty, B M and Cook, E F and Valliere, J and Kuller, L H and Tracy, R P} } @article {1522, title = {Analytical and biologic variability in measures of hemostasis, fibrinolysis, and inflammation: assessment and implications for epidemiology.}, journal = {Am J Epidemiol}, volume = {149}, year = {1999}, month = {1999 Feb 01}, pages = {261-7}, abstract = {

An increasing number of cardiovascular epidemiologic studies are measuring non-traditional risk markers of disease, most of which do not have established biovariability characteristics. When biovariability data have been reported, they usually represent a short time period, and, in any case, there is little consensus on how the information should be used. The authors performed a long-term (6-month) repeated measures study on 26 healthy individuals, and, using a nested analysis of variance (ANOVA) approach, report on the analytical (CVA), intraindividual (CVI), and between individual (CVG) variability of 12 procoagulant, fibrinolysis, and inflammation assays, including total cholesterol for comparison. The results suggest acceptable analytical variability (CVA < or = 1/2 CVI) for all assays. However, there was a large range of intraindividual variation as a proportion of total variance (2-78\%), and adjusting for intraindividual and between individual variation in bivariate correlations increased the observed correlation by more than 30 percent for three of these assays. Overall, the assays showed a significant increase in intraindividual variation over 6 months (p < 0.05). While these findings suggest that most of these assays have biovariability characteristics similar to cholesterol, there is variation among assays. Some assays may be better suited to epidemiologic studies, and knowledge of an assay{\textquoteright}s biovariability data may be useful in interpreting simple statistics, and in designing multivariate models.

}, keywords = {Adult, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cholesterol, Epidemiology, Female, Fibrinolysis, Hemostasis, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Statistical, Multivariate Analysis, Risk Factors}, issn = {0002-9262}, author = {Sakkinen, P A and Macy, E M and Callas, P W and Cornell, E S and Hayes, T E and Kuller, L H and Tracy, R P} } @article {625, title = {Chlamydia pneumoniae, herpes simplex virus type 1, and cytomegalovirus and incident myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease death in older adults : the Cardiovascular Health Study.}, journal = {Circulation}, volume = {102}, year = {2000}, month = {2000 Nov 07}, pages = {2335-40}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Whether serological evidence of prior infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) is associated with myocardial infarction (MI) and coronary heart disease (CHD) death remains a source of controversy.

METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted a nested case-control study among participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study, a cohort study of persons aged >/=65 years. Cases experienced an incident MI and CHD death (n=213). Control subjects were matched to cases by age, sex, clinic, year of enrollment, and month of blood draw (n=405). Serum was analyzed for IgG antibodies to C pneumoniae, HSV-1, and CMV. After adjustment for other risk factors, the risk of MI and CHD death was associated with the presence of IgG antibodies to HSV-1 (odds ratio [OR] 2.0, 95\% CI 1.1 to 3.6) but was not associated with the presence of IgG antibodies to either C pneumoniae (OR 1.1, 95\% CI 0.7 to 1.8) or CMV (OR 1.2, 95\% CI 0.7 to 1.9). Although there was little association with low to moderate C pneumoniae antibody titers (

CONCLUSIONS: Among older adults, the presence of IgG antibodies to HSV-1 was associated with a 2-fold increase in the risk of incident MI and CHD death. For C pneumoniae, only high-titer IgG antibodies were associated with an increased risk of MI and CHD death. The presence of IgG antibodies to CMV was not associated with risk among the elderly.

}, keywords = {Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Antibodies, Bacterial, Antibodies, Viral, Case-Control Studies, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Coronary Disease, Cytomegalovirus, Female, Herpesvirus 1, Human, HIV Antibodies, Humans, Immunoglobulin G, Male, Myocardial Infarction, Risk Factors}, issn = {1524-4539}, doi = {10.1161/01.cir.102.19.2335}, author = {Siscovick, D S and Schwartz, S M and Corey, L and Grayston, J T and Ashley, R and Wang, S P and Psaty, B M and Tracy, R P and Kuller, L H and Kronmal, R A} }