@article {1203, title = {Egg consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in older adults.}, journal = {Am J Clin Nutr}, volume = {92}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Aug}, pages = {422-7}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains an important public health issue in the United States. There are limited and inconsistent data on the association between egg consumption and fasting glucose or incident diabetes.

OBJECTIVES: We assessed the association between egg intake and incident diabetes in older adults.

DESIGN: In this prospective study of 3898 men and women from the Cardiovascular Health Study (1989-2007), we assessed egg consumption by using a picture-sorted food questionnaire and ascertained incident T2D annually by using information on hypoglycemic agents and plasma glucose. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate adjusted relative risks.

RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 11.3 y, 313 new cases of T2D occurred. Crude incidence rates of T2D were 7.39, 6.83, 7.00, 6.72, and 12.20 per 1000 person-years in people who reported egg consumption of never, <1 egg/mo, 1-3 eggs/mo, 1-4 eggs/wk, and almost daily, respectively. In multivariable-adjusted models, there was no association between egg consumption and increased risk of T2D in either sex and overall. In a secondary analysis, dietary cholesterol was not associated with incident diabetes (P for trend = 0.47). In addition, egg consumption was not associated with clinically meaningful differences in fasting glucose, fasting insulin, or measures of insulin resistance despite small absolute analytic differences that were significant.

CONCLUSION: In this cohort of older adults with limited egg intake, there was no association between egg consumption or dietary cholesterol and increased risk of incident T2D.

}, keywords = {Aged, Blood Glucose, Cholesterol, Dietary, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diet, Diet Surveys, Eggs, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Male, Proportional Hazards Models, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires}, issn = {1938-3207}, doi = {10.3945/ajcn.2010.29406}, author = {Djouss{\'e}, Luc and Kamineni, Aruna and Nelson, Tracy L and Carnethon, Mercedes and Mozaffarian, Dariush and Siscovick, David and Mukamal, Kenneth J} } @article {1211, title = {Fish consumption, bone mineral density, and risk of hip fracture among older adults: the cardiovascular health study.}, journal = {J Bone Miner Res}, volume = {25}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Sep}, pages = {1972-9}, abstract = {

Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may be beneficial for bone health, but few studies have investigated the association with fish consumption. Our aim was to study associations of fish and EPA + DHA consumption with bone mineral density (BMD) and hip fracture risk and determine whether high linoleic acid (LA) intake, the major dietary n-6 PUFA, modifies the associations. The study population consisted of 5045 participants aged 65 years and older from the Cardiovascular Health Study. Data on BMD were available for 1305 participants. Food-frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake, and hip fracture incidence was assessed prospectively by review of hospitalization records. After multivariable adjustment, femoral neck BMD was 0.01 g/cm(2) lower in the highest versus lowest tuna/other-fish intake category (p = .05 for trend). EPA + DHA intake (higher versus lower median of 0.32 g/day) was associated with lower femoral neck BMD (0.66 versus 0.71 g/cm(2), p < .001) among those with LA intake greater than the median 12.1 g/day (p = .03 for interaction). No significant associations were found with total-hip BMD. During mean follow-up of 11.1 years, 505 hip fractures occurred. Fish or EPA + DHA consumption was not significantly associated with fracture incidence [hazard ratio (HR) for extreme categories: HR = 1.23, 95\% confidence interval (CI) 0.83-1.84 for tuna/other fish; HR = 1.16, 95\% CI 0.91-1.49 for fried fish; and HR = 0.98, 95\% CI 0.71-1.36 for EPA + DHA]. High LA intake did not modify these associations. In this large prospective cohort of older adults, fish consumption was associated with very small differences in BMD and had no association with hip fracture risk.

}, keywords = {Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Animals, Bone Density, Diet, Female, Fishes, Hip Fractures, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires}, issn = {1523-4681}, doi = {10.1002/jbmr.87}, author = {Virtanen, Jyrki K and Mozaffarian, Dariush and Cauley, Jane A and Mukamal, Kenneth J and Robbins, John and Siscovick, David S} }