@article {1425,
	title = {Eating patterns of community-dwelling older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study.},
	journal = {Ann Epidemiol},
	volume = {4},
	year = {1994},
	month = {1994 Sep},
	pages = {404-15},
	abstract = {<p>We analyzed eating patterns of 4643 adults (1988 men and 2655 women) aged 65 years and older at the time of their enrollment in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Diet was assessed with a qualitative, picture-sort food frequency questionnaire along with supplemental questions on other eating pattern variables. Consumption of high fat foods and low fiber foods was more frequent in older participants, men, minorities, and persons with body mass index > or = 30 kg/m2 and less common among persons who reported following self-prescribed or medically prescribed special diets. Few associations of consumption of specific food groups with disease status were identified. Participants with coronary heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease were significantly more likely to report following a special diet and using low-calorie or low-sodium food products, however. Although the percentage of participants with prevalent disease who reported following special diets was relatively low from a clinical perspective, it was sufficiently high to suggest that controlling for dietary modifications may be important when attempting to identify associations of diet with prevalent disease in older populations.</p>},
	keywords = {Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Body Mass Index, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Demography, Diet, Diet Surveys, Diet, Sodium-Restricted, Female, Humans, Male, Minority Groups, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sex Factors},
	issn = {1047-2797},
	author = {Kumanyika, S and Tell, G S and Shemanski, L and Polak, J and Savage, P J}
}
@article {1487,
	title = {Carrying the burden of cardiovascular risk in old age: associations of weight and weight change with prevalent cardiovascular disease, risk factors, and health status in the Cardiovascular Health Study.},
	journal = {Am J Clin Nutr},
	volume = {66},
	year = {1997},
	month = {1997 Oct},
	pages = {837-44},
	abstract = {<p>Measured weight in old age, reported weight at age 50 y, and weight change from age 50 y to old age were studied in association with prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD), CVD risk factors, and health status in a population of 4954 men and women aged > or = 65 y in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). Heavier weight (i.e., generally weight in the fourth quartile for the cohort) at age 50 y was more closely associated with prevalent CVD than was current weight, with these associations stronger in women than in men. Heavier current weight and heavier weight at age 50 y were associated with cardiovascular risk factors, including higher blood pressure, lower high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, and higher fasting insulin. Heavier weight at both time points was related to mobility problems in both men and women and to lower current physical activity levels; among women, strong associations were also seen with lower education and current income. Remaining within 10\% of reported weight at age 50 y was associated with better health status as measured by reported health, mobility difficulty, number of medications, and prevalent CVD in men. Paradoxically, most cardiovascular risk factors were lowest for weight losers despite an association of weight loss with poorer health. In this cohort of persons aged > or = 65 y, heavier weight was associated with CVD and CVD risk factors, suggesting that prevention of overweight may prove beneficial in improving cardiovascular risk in older persons. Weight stability from age 50 y to old age was associated with better health status than was weight gain or loss.</p>},
	keywords = {Aged, Blood Pressure, Body Constitution, Body Weight, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cholesterol, LDL, Female, Health Status, Humans, Insulin, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Sex Characteristics},
	issn = {0002-9165},
	doi = {10.1093/ajcn/66.4.837},
	author = {Harris, T B and Savage, P J and Tell, G S and Haan, M and Kumanyika, S and Lynch, J C}
}
