04940nas a2200661 4500008004100000022001400041245014200055210006900197260001600266520300700282100002403289700002203313700003003335700001903365700001903384700002303403700002003426700001903446700002303465700001703488700002203505700001803527700001903545700002203564700002203586700002303608700002103631700001803652700001803670700002103688700001803709700002403727700002003751700002103771700002003792700002003812700002003832700001503852700002003867700001903887700002403906700002203930700002103952700001803973700001903991700002104010700002204031700001604053700002204069700002204091700002404113700002204137700002004159700001504179700002504194700002304219856003604242 2019 eng d a2380-659100aAssessment of the Relationship Between Genetic Determinants of Thyroid Function and Atrial Fibrillation: A Mendelian Randomization Study.0 aAssessment of the Relationship Between Genetic Determinants of T c2019 Jan 233 a
Importance: Increased free thyroxine (FT4) and decreased thyrotropin are associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) in observational studies, but direct involvement is unclear.
Objective: To evaluate the potential direct involvement of thyroid traits on AF.
Design, Setting, and Participants: Study-level mendelian randomization (MR) included 11 studies, and summary-level MR included 55 114 AF cases and 482 295 referents, all of European ancestry.
Exposures: Genomewide significant variants were used as instruments for standardized FT4 and thyrotropin levels within the reference range, standardized triiodothyronine (FT3):FT4 ratio, hypothyroidism, standardized thyroid peroxidase antibody levels, and hyperthyroidism. Mendelian randomization used genetic risk scores in study-level analysis or individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 2-sample MR for the summary-level data.
Main Outcomes and Measures: Prevalent and incident AF.
Results: The study-level analysis included 7679 individuals with AF and 49 233 referents (mean age [standard error], 62 [3] years; 15 859 men [29.7%]). In study-level random-effects meta-analysis, the pooled hazard ratio of FT4 levels (nanograms per deciliter) for incident AF was 1.55 (95% CI, 1.09-2.20; P = .02; I2 = 76%) and the pooled odds ratio (OR) for prevalent AF was 2.80 (95% CI, 1.41-5.54; P = .003; I2 = 64%) in multivariable-adjusted analyses. The FT4 genetic risk score was associated with an increase in FT4 by 0.082 SD (standard error, 0.007; P < .001) but not with incident AF (risk ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.62-1.14; P = .27) or prevalent AF (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 0.64-2.73; P = .46). Similarly, in summary-level inverse-variance weighted random-effects MR, gene-based FT4 within the reference range was not associated with AF (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.89-1.14; P = .88). However, gene-based increased FT3:FT4 ratio, increased thyrotropin within the reference range, and hypothyroidism were associated with AF with inverse-variance weighted random-effects OR of 1.33 (95% CI, 1.08-1.63; P = .006), 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84-0.92; P < .001), and 0.94 (95% CI, 0.90-0.99; P = .009), respectively, and robust to tests of horizontal pleiotropy. However, the subset of hypothyroidism single-nucleotide polymorphisms involved in autoimmunity and thyroid peroxidase antibodies levels were not associated with AF. Gene-based hyperthyroidism was associated with AF with MR-Egger OR of 1.31 (95% CI, 1.05-1.63; P = .02) with evidence of horizontal pleiotropy (P = .045).
Conclusions and Relevance: Genetically increased FT3:FT4 ratio and hyperthyroidism, but not FT4 within the reference range, were associated with increased AF, and increased thyrotropin within the reference range and hypothyroidism were associated with decreased AF, supporting a pathway involving the pituitary-thyroid-cardiac axis.
1 aEllervik, Christina1 aRoselli, Carolina1 aChristophersen, Ingrid, E1 aAlonso, Alvaro1 aPietzner, Maik1 aSitlani, Collen, M1 aTrompet, Stella1 aArking, Dan, E1 aGeelhoed, Bastiaan1 aGuo, Xiuqing1 aKleber, Marcus, E1 aLin, Henry, J1 aLin, Honghuang1 aMacfarlane, Peter1 aSelvin, Elizabeth1 aShaffer, Christian1 aSmith, Albert, V1 aVerweij, Niek1 aWeiss, Stefan1 aCappola, Anne, R1 aDörr, Marcus1 aGudnason, Vilmundur1 aHeckbert, Susan1 aMooijaart, Simon1 aMärz, Winfried1 aPsaty, Bruce, M1 aRidker, Paul, M1 aRoden, Dan1 aStott, David, J1 aVölzke, Henry1 aBenjamin, Emelia, J1 aDelgado, Graciela1 aEllinor, Patrick1 aHomuth, Georg1 aKöttgen, Anna1 aJukema, Johan, W1 aLubitz, Steven, A1 aMora, Samia1 aRienstra, Michiel1 aRotter, Jerome, I1 aShoemaker, Benjamin1 aSotoodehnia, Nona1 aTaylor, Kent, D1 aHarst, Pim1 aAlbert, Christine, M1 aChasman, Daniel, I uhttps://chs-nhlbi.org/node/7973