04866nas a2200949 4500008004100000022001400041245013400055210006900189260001200258300001300270490000700283520220500290653000902495653001402504653001502518653001902533653003002552653001702582653001102599653001602610653003302626653001102659653001102670653001402681653000902695653001602704653002402720653001602744653001102760653001802771100002102789700001902810700002002829700003002849700001802879700002002897700001902917700002202936700001702958700001602975700002202991700001903013700001903032700002003051700002503071700002103096700002803117700002403145700001803169700002603187700002103213700002203234700002403256700002303280700001903303700001403322700002003336700001903356700001503375700001703390700002203407700002403429700001703453700002603470700002103496700002403517700003003541700002203571700001203593700002103605700002003626700002603646700002103672700001803693700001803711700002103729700002403750700002503774710002403799710005703823856003603880 2018 eng d a1549-167600aFatty acid biomarkers of dairy fat consumption and incidence of type 2 diabetes: A pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies.0 aFatty acid biomarkers of dairy fat consumption and incidence of c2018 10 ae10026700 v153 a
BACKGROUND: We aimed to investigate prospective associations of circulating or adipose tissue odd-chain fatty acids 15:0 and 17:0 and trans-palmitoleic acid, t16:1n-7, as potential biomarkers of dairy fat intake, with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D).
METHODS AND FINDINGS: Sixteen prospective cohorts from 12 countries (7 from the United States, 7 from Europe, 1 from Australia, 1 from Taiwan) performed new harmonised individual-level analysis for the prospective associations according to a standardised plan. In total, 63,682 participants with a broad range of baseline ages and BMIs and 15,180 incident cases of T2D over the average of 9 years of follow-up were evaluated. Study-specific results were pooled using inverse-variance-weighted meta-analysis. Prespecified interactions by age, sex, BMI, and race/ethnicity were explored in each cohort and were meta-analysed. Potential heterogeneity by cohort-specific characteristics (regions, lipid compartments used for fatty acid assays) was assessed with metaregression. After adjustment for potential confounders, including measures of adiposity (BMI, waist circumference) and lipogenesis (levels of palmitate, triglycerides), higher levels of 15:0, 17:0, and t16:1n-7 were associated with lower incidence of T2D. In the most adjusted model, the hazard ratio (95% CI) for incident T2D per cohort-specific 10th to 90th percentile range of 15:0 was 0.80 (0.73-0.87); of 17:0, 0.65 (0.59-0.72); of t16:1n7, 0.82 (0.70-0.96); and of their sum, 0.71 (0.63-0.79). In exploratory analyses, similar associations for 15:0, 17:0, and the sum of all three fatty acids were present in both genders but stronger in women than in men (pinteraction < 0.001). Whereas studying associations with biomarkers has several advantages, as limitations, the biomarkers do not distinguish between different food sources of dairy fat (e.g., cheese, yogurt, milk), and residual confounding by unmeasured or imprecisely measured confounders may exist.
CONCLUSIONS: In a large meta-analysis that pooled the findings from 16 prospective cohort studies, higher levels of 15:0, 17:0, and t16:1n-7 were associated with a lower risk of T2D.
10aAged10aAustralia10aBiomarkers10aDairy Products10aDiabetes Mellitus, Type 210aDietary Fats10aEurope10aFatty Acids10aFatty Acids, Monounsaturated10aFemale10aHumans10aIncidence10aMale10aMiddle Aged10aProspective Studies10aSex Factors10aTaiwan10aUnited States1 aImamura, Fumiaki1 aFretts, Amanda1 aMarklund, Matti1 aKorat, Andres, V Ardisson1 aYang, Wei-Sin1 aLankinen, Maria1 aQureshi, Waqas1 aHelmer, Catherine1 aChen, Tzu-An1 aWong, Kerry1 aBassett, Julie, K1 aMurphy, Rachel1 aTintle, Nathan1 aYu, Chaoyu, Ian1 aBrouwer, Ingeborg, A1 aChien, Kuo-Liong1 aFrazier-Wood, Alexis, C1 aDel Gobbo, Liana, C1 aDjoussé, Luc1 aGeleijnse, Johanna, M1 aGiles, Graham, G1 ade Goede, Janette1 aGudnason, Vilmundur1 aHarris, William, S1 aHodge, Allison1 aHu, Frank1 aKoulman, Albert1 aLaakso, Markku1 aLind, Lars1 aLin, Hung-Ju1 aMcKnight, Barbara1 aRajaobelina, Kalina1 aRiserus, Ulf1 aRobinson, Jennifer, G1 aSamieri, Cecilia1 aSiscovick, David, S1 aSoedamah-Muthu, Sabita, S1 aSotoodehnia, Nona1 aSun, Qi1 aTsai, Michael, Y1 aUusitupa, Matti1 aWagenknecht, Lynne, E1 aWareham, Nick, J1 aWu, Jason, HY1 aMicha, Renata1 aForouhi, Nita, G1 aLemaitre, Rozenn, N1 aMozaffarian, Dariush1 aInterAct Consortium1 aFatty Acids and Outcomes Research Consortium (FORCE) uhttps://chs-nhlbi.org/node/8041