03982nas a2200421 4500008004100000022001400041245012400055210006900179260001300248300001100261490000700272520282000279653000903099653001003108653002803118653004303146653002103189653002103210653002803231653001103259653001803270653001103288653001103299653001703310653000903327653002603336653001803362100001903380700001403399700001603413700001503429700001503444700001703459700001703476700001503493700001703508856003503525 1992 eng d a0009-732200aLipoprotein lipids in older people. Results from the Cardiovascular Health Study. The CHS Collaborative Research Group.0 aLipoprotein lipids in older people Results from the Cardiovascul c1992 Sep a858-690 v863 a

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability in older people. There is little information about the distributions of risk factors in older populations. This article describes the distribution and correlates of lipoprotein lipids in people greater than or equal to 65 years old.

METHODS AND RESULTS: Lipoprotein lipid concentrations were measured in 2,106 men (M) and 2,732 women (F) who were participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study, a population-based epidemiological study. Distributions of lipids by age and sex and bivariate and multivariate relations among lipids and other variables were determined in cross-sectional analyses. Mean concentrations of lipids were cholesterol: M, 5.20 +/- 0.93 mmol/l (201 +/- 36 mg/dl) and F, 5.81 +/- 0.98 mmol/l (225 +/- 38 mg/dl); triglyceride (TG): M, 1.58 +/- 0.85 mmol/l (140 +/- 75 mg/dl) and F, 1.57 +/- 0.78 mmol/l (139 +/- 69 mg/dl); high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C): M, 1.23 +/- 0.33 mmol/l (48 +/- 16 mg/dl), and F, 1.53 +/- 0.41 mmol/l (59 +/- 16 mg/dl); low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C): M, 3.27 +/- 0.85 mmol/l (127 +/- 33 mg/dl) and F, 3.57 +/- 0.93 mmol/l (138 +/- 36 mg/dl). The total cholesterol to HDL-C ratios were M, 4.49 +/- 1.29 and F, 4.05 +/- 1.22. TG, total cholesterol, and LDL-C concentrations were lower with increasing age, the last more evident in men than in women. TG concentration was positively associated with obesity (in women), central fat patterning, glucose intolerance, use of beta-blockers (in men), and use of estrogens (in women) and negatively associated with age, renal function, alcohol use, and socioeconomic status. In general, HDL-C had opposite relations with these variables, except that estrogen use was associated with higher HDL-C concentrations. LDL-C concentration was associated with far fewer variables than the other lipids but was negatively associated with age in men and women and positively correlated with obesity and central fat patterning and negatively correlated with renal function and estrogen use in women. There were no differences in total cholesterol and LDL-C concentrations among participants with and without prevalent coronary heart disease and stroke, but TG concentration was higher and HDL-C lower in men with both coronary heart disease and stroke and in women with coronary heart disease.

CONCLUSIONS: Cholesterol and cholesterol/HDL-C ratio were lower and HDL-C higher than previously reported values in older people, suggesting that lipid risk profiles may be improving in older Americans. TG and HDL-C concentrations, and to a lesser extent LDL-C, were associated with potentially important modifiable factors such as obesity, glucose intolerance, renal function, and medication use.

10aAged10aAging10aCardiovascular Diseases10aCardiovascular Physiological Phenomena10aCholesterol, HDL10aCholesterol, LDL10aCross-Sectional Studies10aFemale10aHealth Status10aHumans10aLipids10aLipoproteins10aMale10aMultivariate Analysis10aTriglycerides1 aEttinger, W, H1 aWahl, P W1 aKuller, L H1 aBush, T, L1 aTracy, R P1 aManolio, T A1 aBorhani, N O1 aWong, N, D1 aO'Leary, D H uhttps://chs-nhlbi.org/node/78102954nas a2200397 4500008004100000022001400041245015100055210006900206260001300275300001200288490000700300520182900307653000902136653001002145653002802155653002102183653002102204653002402225653003302249653001102282653001002293653002102303653001102324653002302335653001702358653001202375653002002387100001702407700001702424700001702441700001502458700001702473700001502490700001502505856003602520 1993 eng d a0009-732200aAssociations of postmenopausal estrogen use with cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in older women. The CHS Collaborative Research Group.0 aAssociations of postmenopausal estrogen use with cardiovascular  c1993 Nov a2163-710 v883 a

BACKGROUND: Postmenopausal estrogen replacement therapy has been associated with favorable levels of cardiovascular disease risk factors, but these associations and the relations between estrogen use and subclinical disease have not been examined in large samples of older women.

METHODS AND RESULTS: Present and past estrogen use was ascertained in 2955 women > or = 65 years old in the Cardiovascular Health Study, a study of risk factors for coronary heart disease and stroke in the elderly. Present estrogen use was reported by 12% of these women and past use by an additional 26.5%. Estrogen use (past or present) was strongly associated with lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fibrinogen, glucose, insulin, obesity, and age and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and socioeconomic status (all P < .0001). Estrogen users also had lower levels of subclinical disease as measured by carotid intimal-medial thickness, carotid stenosis grade, ECG left ventricular mass, and Doppler mitral peak flow velocities (each P < .02). Relations were similar in younger and older women (65 to 74 versus > or = 75 years) and smokers and nonsmokers and were unchanged after women with poor medication compliance were excluded. After adjustment for other factors, estrogen use was associated with decreased carotid wall thickness, although this association was of borderline significance after further adjustment for lipids.

CONCLUSIONS: Postmenopausal estrogen use in this sample of older women was associated with favorable cardiovascular disease risk factor profiles and with lower measures of subclinical disease. These findings suggest that postmenopausal estrogen use may be associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease in women well into the eighth decade of life.

10aAged10aAging10aCardiovascular Diseases10aCarotid Arteries10aCarotid Stenosis10aElectrocardiography10aEstrogen Replacement Therapy10aFemale10aHeart10aHeart Ventricles10aHumans10aPatient Compliance10aRisk Factors10aSmoking10aUltrasonography1 aManolio, T A1 aFurberg, C D1 aShemanski, L1 aPsaty, B M1 aO'Leary, D H1 aTracy, R P1 aBush, T, L uhttps://chs-nhlbi.org/node/1435