01807nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245009000055210006900145260001600214520118500230100002201415700002401437700002401461700002501485700001801510700002101528700002801549856003601577 2021 eng d a1552-527900aOphthalmic conditions associated with dementia risk: The Cardiovascular Health Study.0 aOphthalmic conditions associated with dementia risk The Cardiova c2021 Mar 313 a

INTRODUCTION: Ophthalmic conditions and dementia appear to overlap and may share common pathways, but research has not differentiated dementia subtypes.

METHODS: Diagnoses of cataracts, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and glaucoma were based on medical histories and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes for 3375 participants from the Cardiovascular Health Study. Dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD), was classified using standardized research criteria.

RESULTS: Cataracts were associated with AD (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.34; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01-1.80) and VaD/mixed dementia (HR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.02-1.95). AMD was associated with AD only (HR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.13-3.09), whereas DR was associated with VaD/mixed dementia only (HR = 2.63; 95% CI = 1.10-6.27).

DISCUSSION: Differential associations between specific ophthalmic conditions and dementia subtypes may elucidate pathophysiologic pathways. Lack of association between glaucoma and dementia was most surprising from these analyses.

1 aHwang, Phillip, H1 aLongstreth, Will, T1 aThielke, Stephen, M1 aFrancis, Courtney, E1 aCarone, Marco1 aKuller, Lewis, H1 aFitzpatrick, Annette, L uhttps://chs-nhlbi.org/node/870803468nas a2200361 4500008004100000022001400041245011800055210006900173260001500242300001300257490000600270520245000276653000902726653002202735653001902757653001102776653001202787653001702799653001102816653000902827653001302836653002402849653001802873653002102891100002202912700002002934700002402954700002502978700001803003700002103021700002803042856003603070 2022 eng d a2574-380500aLongitudinal Changes in Hearing and Visual Impairments and Risk of Dementia in Older Adults in the United States.0 aLongitudinal Changes in Hearing and Visual Impairments and Risk  c2022 05 02 ae22107340 v53 a

Importance: Hearing and vision problems are individually associated with increased dementia risk, but the impact of having concurrent hearing and vision deficits, ie, dual sensory impairment (DSI), on risk of dementia, including its major subtypes Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD), is not well known.

Objective: To evaluate whether DSI is associated with incident dementia in older adults.

Design, Setting, and Participants: This prospective cohort study from the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) was conducted between 1992 and 1999, with as many as 8 years of follow-up. The multicenter, population-based sample was recruited from Medicare eligibility files in 4 US communities with academic medical centers. Of 5888 participants aged 65 years and older in CHS, 3602 underwent cranial magnetic resonance imaging and completed the modified Mini-Mental State Examination in 1992 to 1994 as part of the CHS Cognition Study. A total of 227 participants were excluded due to prevalent dementia, leaving a total of 3375 participants without dementia at study baseline. The study hypothesis was that DSI would be associated with increased risk of dementia compared with no sensory impairment. The association between the duration of DSI with risk of dementia was also evaluated. Data analysis was conducted from November 2019 to February 2020.

Exposures: Hearing and vision impairments were collected via self-report at baseline and as many as 5 follow-up visits.

Main Outcomes and Measures: All-cause dementia, AD, and VaD, classified by a multidisciplinary committee using standardized criteria.

Results: A total of 2927 participants with information on hearing and vision at all available study visits were included in the analysis (mean [SD] age, 74.6 [4.8] years; 1704 [58.2%] women; 455 [15.5%] African American or Black; 2472 [85.5%] White). Compared with no sensory impairment, DSI was associated with increased risk of all-cause dementia (hazard ratio [HR], 2.60; 95% CI, 1.66-2.06; P < .001), AD (HR, 3.67; 95% CI, 2.04-6.60; P < .001) but not VaD (HR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.00-4.09; P = .05).

Conclusions and Relevance: In this cohort study, DSI was associated with increased risk of dementia, particularly AD. Evaluation of hearing and vision in older adults may help to identify those at high risk of developing dementia.

10aAged10aAlzheimer Disease10aCohort Studies10aFemale10aHearing10aHearing Loss10aHumans10aMale10aMedicare10aProspective Studies10aUnited States10aVision Disorders1 aHwang, Phillip, H1 aLongstreth, W T1 aThielke, Stephen, M1 aFrancis, Courtney, E1 aCarone, Marco1 aKuller, Lewis, H1 aFitzpatrick, Annette, L uhttps://chs-nhlbi.org/node/9095