02513nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245016600055210006900221260001300290300001100303490000600314520179500320100001902115700002102134700002002155700002102175700002402196700002002220700001902240856003602259 2023 eng d a2473-403900aThe Association of Tryptophan and Its Metabolites With Incident Hip Fractures, Mortality, and Prevalent Frailty in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study.0 aAssociation of Tryptophan and Its Metabolites With Incident Hip  c2023 Oct ae108010 v73 a

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and sufficient protein intake is important for skeletal health. We utilized stored serum from the Cardiovascular Health Study in 1992-1993 to examine the relationship between levels of the essential amino acid tryptophan (trp) and its oxidized and nonoxidized metabolites to risk for incident hip fractures and mortality over 12 years of follow-up. We included 131 persons who sustained a hip fracture during this time period and 131 without a hip fracture over these same 12 years of follow-up; 58% female and 95% White. Weighted multivariable Cox hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of incident hip fracture associated with a one standard deviation (SD) higher trp or its metabolites exposure. Relative risk regression was used to evaluate the cross-sectional association of trp and its metabolites with frailty. Higher serum levels of trp were significantly associated with lower risk of incident hip fractures (HR = 0.75 per SD of trp (95% CI 0.57-0.99) but were not significantly associated with mortality or frailty status by Freid's frailty index. There were no statistically significant associations between any of the oxidized or nonoxidized products of trp with incident hip fractures ( ≥ 0.64), mortality ( ≥ 0.20), or cross-sectional frailty status ( ≥ 0.13) after multiple testing adjustment. Randomized clinical trials examining whether increasing trp intake is beneficial for osteoporosis are needed. © 2023 The Authors. published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.

1 aCarbone, Laura1 aBůzková, Petra1 aFink, Howard, A1 aRobbins, John, A1 aBarzilay, Joshua, I1 aElam, Rachel, E1 aIsales, Carlos uhttps://chs-nhlbi.org/node/949902552nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245011900055210006900174260001600243520184600259100001902105700002102124700002002145700002102165700002402186700002002210700001902230700002502249700002402274856003602298 2023 eng d a1945-719700aPlasma Levels of Branched Chain Amino Acids, Incident Hip Fractures and Bone Mineral Density of the Hip and Spine.0 aPlasma Levels of Branched Chain Amino Acids Incident Hip Fractur c2023 May 183 a

OBJECTIVE: Branched chain amino acids (BCAA) are building blocks for protein, an essential component of bone. However, the association of plasma levels of BCAA with fractures in populations outside of Hong Kong or with hip fractures in particular is not known. The purpose of these analyses was to determine the relationship of BCAA including valine, leucine and isoleucine and total BCAA (standard deviation of the sum of Z-scores for each BCAA) with incident hip fractures and bone mineral density (BMD) of the hip and lumbar spine in older African American and Caucasian men and women in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS).

DESIGN: Longitudinal analyses of association of plasma levels of BCAA with incident hip fractures and cross-sectional BMD of the hip and lumbar spine from the CHS.

SETTING: Community.

PARTICIPANTS: 1850 men (38% of cohort) and women; mean age 73.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incident hip fractures and cross-sectional BMD of the total hip, femoral neck and lumbar spine.

RESULTS: In fully adjusted models, over 12 years of follow-up, we observed no significant association between incident hip fracture and plasma values of valine, leucine, isoleucine or total BCAA per 1 standard deviation higher of each BCAA. Plasma values of leucine but not valine, isoleucine or total BCAA, were positively and significantly associated with BMD of the total hip (p = 0.03) and femoral neck (p = 0.02), but not the lumbar spine (p = 0.07).

CONCLUSIONS: Plasma levels of the BCAA leucine may be associated with higher BMD in older men and women. However, given lack of a significant association with hip fracture risk, further information is needed to determine whether BCAAs would be novel targets for osteoporosis therapies.

1 aCarbone, Laura1 aBůzková, Petra1 aFink, Howard, A1 aRobbins, John, A1 aBarzilay, Joshua, I1 aElam, Rachel, E1 aIsales, Carlos1 aConnelly, Margery, A1 aMukamal, Kenneth, J uhttps://chs-nhlbi.org/node/937502942nas a2200361 4500008004100000022001400041245014300055210006900198260001600267300000700283490000700290520191700297653000902214653002202223653002802245653001102273653001802284653001202302653001802314653001102332653000902343653001802352653001702370653001302387100001902400700002102419700002102440700002002461700002402481700002002505700001902525856003602544 2024 eng d a1862-351400aAssociation of serum levels of phenylalanine and tyrosine with hip fractures and frailty in older adults: The cardiovascular health study.0 aAssociation of serum levels of phenylalanine and tyrosine with h c2024 Jun 20 a510 v193 a

UNLABELLED: This study examined if the amino acids phenylalanine or tyrosine contribute to risk of hip fracture or frailty in older adults. We determined that neither phenylalanine nor tyrosine are important predictors of hip fracture or frailty. We suggest advice on protein intake for skeletal health consider specific amino acid composition.

PURPOSE: Protein is essential for skeletal health, but the specific amino acid compositions of protein may have differential associations with fracture risk. The aim of this study was to determine the association of serum levels of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine with risk for incident hip fractures over twelve years of follow-up and cross sectional associations with frailty.

METHODS: We included 131 older men and women from the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) who sustained a hip fracture over twelve years of follow-up and 131 men and women without an incident hip fracture over this same period of time. 42% of this cohort were men and 95% were Caucasian. Weighted multivariable Cox hazards molecules were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of incident hip fracture associated with a one standard deviation (SD) higher serum level of phenylalanine or tyrosine. Relative risk regression was used to determine the cross-sectional association of these amino acids with Freid's frailty index.

RESULTS: Neither serum levels of phenylalanine (HR 0.85 (95% CI 0.62-1.16) or tyrosine (HR 0.82 (95% CI 0.62-1.1) were significantly associated with incident hip fractures or cross sectionally with frailty (frail compared with prefrail/not frail) (HR 0.92 (95% CI 0.48-1.76) and HR (0.86 (95% CI 0.46-1.61) respectively.

CONCLUSION: Phenylalanine and tyrosine are not significant contributors to hip fractures or frailty in older men and women.

10aAged10aAged, 80 and over10aCross-Sectional Studies10aFemale10aFrail Elderly10aFrailty10aHip Fractures10aHumans10aMale10aPhenylalanine10aRisk Factors10aTyrosine1 aCarbone, Laura1 aBůzková, Petra1 aRobbins, John, A1 aFink, Howard, A1 aBarzilay, Joshua, I1 aElam, Rachel, E1 aIsales, Carlos uhttps://chs-nhlbi.org/node/9701