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Plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides are among the most important risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) and are targets for therapeutic intervention. We screened the genome for common variants associated with plasma lipids in >100,000 individuals of European ancestry. Here we report 95 significantly associated loci (P < 5 x 10(-8)), with 59 showing genome-wide significant association with lipid traits for the first time. The newly reported associations include single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near known lipid regulators (for example, CYP7A1, NPC1L1 and SCARB1) as well as in scores of loci not previously implicated in lipoprotein metabolism. The 95 loci contribute not only to normal variation in lipid traits but also to extreme lipid phenotypes and have an impact on lipid traits in three non-European populations (East Asians, South Asians and African Americans). Our results identify several novel loci associated with plasma lipids that are also associated with CAD. Finally, we validated three of the novel genes-GALNT2, PPP1R3B and TTC39B-with experiments in mouse models. Taken together, our findings provide the foundation to develop a broader biological understanding of lipoprotein metabolism and to identify new therapeutic opportunities for the prevention of CAD.
10aAfrican Americans10aAnimals10aAsian Continental Ancestry Group10aCholesterol, HDL10aCholesterol, LDL10aCoronary Artery Disease10aEurope10aEuropean Continental Ancestry Group10aFemale10aGenetic Loci10aGenome-Wide Association Study10aGenotype10aHumans10aLipid Metabolism10aLipids10aLiver10aMale10aMice10aN-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases10aPhenotype10aPolymorphism, Single Nucleotide10aProtein Phosphatase 110aReproducibility of Results10aTriglycerides1 aTeslovich, Tanya, M1 aMusunuru, Kiran1 aSmith, Albert, V1 aEdmondson, Andrew, C1 aStylianou, Ioannis, M1 aKoseki, Masahiro1 aPirruccello, James, P1 aRipatti, Samuli1 aChasman, Daniel, I1 aWiller, Cristen, J1 aJohansen, Christopher, T1 aFouchier, Sigrid, W1 aIsaacs, Aaron1 aPeloso, Gina, M1 aBarbalic, Maja1 aRicketts, Sally, L1 aBis, Joshua, C1 aAulchenko, Yurii, S1 aThorleifsson, Gudmar1 aFeitosa, Mary, F1 aChambers, John1 aOrho-Melander, Marju1 aMelander, Olle1 aJohnson, Toby1 aLi, Xiaohui1 aGuo, Xiuqing1 aLi, Mingyao1 aCho, Yoon, Shin1 aGo, Min, Jin1 aKim, Young, Jin1 aLee, Jong-Young1 aPark, Taesung1 aKim, Kyunga1 aSim, Xueling1 aOng, Rick, Twee-Hee1 aCroteau-Chonka, Damien, C1 aLange, Leslie, A1 aSmith, Joshua, D1 aSong, Kijoung1 aZhao, Jing, Hua1 aYuan, Xin1 aLuan, Jian'an1 aLamina, Claudia1 aZiegler, Andreas1 aZhang, Weihua1 aZee, Robert, Y L1 aWright, Alan, F1 aWitteman, Jacqueline, C M1 aWilson, James, F1 aWillemsen, Gonneke1 aWichmann, H-Erich1 aWhitfield, John, B1 aWaterworth, Dawn, M1 aWareham, Nicholas, J1 aWaeber, Gérard1 aVollenweider, Peter1 aVoight, Benjamin, F1 aVitart, Veronique1 aUitterlinden, André, G1 aUda, Manuela1 aTuomilehto, Jaakko1 aThompson, John, R1 aTanaka, Toshiko1 aSurakka, Ida1 aStringham, Heather, M1 aSpector, Tim, D1 aSoranzo, Nicole1 aSmit, Johannes, H1 aSinisalo, Juha1 aSilander, Kaisa1 aSijbrands, Eric, J G1 aScuteri, Angelo1 aScott, James1 aSchlessinger, David1 aSanna, Serena1 aSalomaa, Veikko1 aSaharinen, Juha1 aSabatti, Chiara1 aRuokonen, Aimo1 aRudan, Igor1 aRose, Lynda, M1 aRoberts, Robert1 aRieder, Mark1 aPsaty, Bruce, M1 aPramstaller, Peter, P1 aPichler, Irene1 aPerola, Markus1 aPenninx, Brenda, W J H1 aPedersen, Nancy, L1 aPattaro, Cristian1 aParker, Alex, N1 aParé, Guillaume1 aOostra, Ben, A1 aO'Donnell, Christopher, J1 aNieminen, Markku, S1 aNickerson, Deborah, A1 aMontgomery, Grant, W1 aMeitinger, Thomas1 aMcPherson, Ruth1 aMcCarthy, Mark, I1 aMcArdle, Wendy1 aMasson, David1 aMartin, Nicholas, G1 aMarroni, Fabio1 aMangino, Massimo1 aMagnusson, Patrik, K E1 aLucas, Gavin1 aLuben, Robert1 aLoos, Ruth, J F1 aLokki, Marja-Liisa1 aLettre, Guillaume1 aLangenberg, Claudia1 aLauner, Lenore, J1 aLakatta, Edward, G1 aLaaksonen, Reijo1 aKyvik, Kirsten, O1 aKronenberg, Florian1 aKönig, Inke, R1 aKhaw, Kay-Tee1 aKaprio, Jaakko1 aKaplan, Lee, M1 aJohansson, Asa1 aJarvelin, Marjo-Riitta1 aJanssens, Cecile, J W1 aIngelsson, Erik1 aIgl, Wilmar1 aHovingh, Kees1 aHottenga, Jouke-Jan1 aHofman, Albert1 aHicks, Andrew, A1 aHengstenberg, Christian1 aHeid, Iris, M1 aHayward, Caroline1 aHavulinna, Aki, S1 aHastie, Nicholas, D1 aHarris, Tamara, B1 aHaritunians, Talin1 aHall, Alistair, S1 aGyllensten, Ulf1 aGuiducci, Candace1 aGroop, Leif, C1 aGonzalez, Elena1 aGieger, Christian1 aFreimer, Nelson, B1 aFerrucci, Luigi1 aErdmann, Jeanette1 aElliott, Paul1 aEjebe, Kenechi, G1 aDöring, Angela1 aDominiczak, Anna, F1 aDemissie, Serkalem1 aDeloukas, Panagiotis1 aGeus, Eco, J C1 ade Faire, Ulf1 aCrawford, Gabriel1 aCollins, Francis, S1 aChen, Yii-der, I1 aCaulfield, Mark, J1 aCampbell, Harry1 aBurtt, Noel, P1 aBonnycastle, Lori, L1 aBoomsma, Dorret, I1 aBoekholdt, Matthijs1 aBergman, Richard, N1 aBarroso, Inês1 aBandinelli, Stefania1 aBallantyne, Christie, M1 aAssimes, Themistocles, L1 aQuertermous, Thomas1 aAltshuler, David1 aSeielstad, Mark1 aWong, Tien, Y1 aTai, E-Shyong1 aFeranil, Alan, B1 aKuzawa, Christopher, W1 aAdair, Linda, S1 aTaylor, Herman, A1 aBorecki, Ingrid, B1 aGabriel, Stacey, B1 aWilson, James, G1 aHolm, Hilma1 aThorsteinsdottir, Unnur1 aGudnason, Vilmundur1 aKrauss, Ronald, M1 aMohlke, Karen, L1 aOrdovas, Jose, M1 aMunroe, Patricia, B1 aKooner, Jaspal, S1 aTall, Alan, R1 aHegele, Robert, A1 aKastelein, John, J P1 aSchadt, Eric, E1 aRotter, Jerome, I1 aBoerwinkle, Eric1 aStrachan, David, P1 aMooser, Vincent1 aStefansson, Kari1 aReilly, Muredach, P1 aSamani, Nilesh, J1 aSchunkert, Heribert1 aCupples, Adrienne, L1 aSandhu, Manjinder, S1 aRidker, Paul, M1 aRader, Daniel, J1 aDuijn, Cornelia, M1 aPeltonen, Leena1 aAbecasis, Goncalo, R1 aBoehnke, Michael1 aKathiresan, Sekar uhttps://chs-nhlbi.org/node/122112636nas a2204069 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2010 eng d a1546-171800aNew genetic loci implicated in fasting glucose homeostasis and their impact on type 2 diabetes risk.0 aNew genetic loci implicated in fasting glucose homeostasis and t c2010 Feb a105-160 v423 aLevels of circulating glucose are tightly regulated. To identify new loci influencing glycemic traits, we performed meta-analyses of 21 genome-wide association studies informative for fasting glucose, fasting insulin and indices of beta-cell function (HOMA-B) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in up to 46,186 nondiabetic participants. Follow-up of 25 loci in up to 76,558 additional subjects identified 16 loci associated with fasting glucose and HOMA-B and two loci associated with fasting insulin and HOMA-IR. These include nine loci newly associated with fasting glucose (in or near ADCY5, MADD, ADRA2A, CRY2, FADS1, GLIS3, SLC2A2, PROX1 and C2CD4B) and one influencing fasting insulin and HOMA-IR (near IGF1). We also demonstrated association of ADCY5, PROX1, GCK, GCKR and DGKB-TMEM195 with type 2 diabetes. Within these loci, likely biological candidate genes influence signal transduction, cell proliferation, development, glucose-sensing and circadian regulation. Our results demonstrate that genetic studies of glycemic traits can identify type 2 diabetes risk loci, as well as loci containing gene variants that are associated with a modest elevation in glucose levels but are not associated with overt diabetes.
10aAdolescent10aAdult10aAlleles10aBlood Glucose10aChild10aDatabases, Genetic10aDiabetes Mellitus, Type 210aDNA Copy Number Variations10aFasting10aGene Expression Regulation10aGenetic Loci10aGenetic Predisposition to Disease10aGenome-Wide Association Study10aHomeostasis10aHumans10aMeta-Analysis as Topic10aPolymorphism, Single Nucleotide10aQuantitative Trait Loci10aQuantitative Trait, Heritable10aReproducibility of Results1 aDupuis, Josée1 aLangenberg, Claudia1 aProkopenko, Inga1 aSaxena, Richa1 aSoranzo, Nicole1 aJackson, Anne, U1 aWheeler, Eleanor1 aGlazer, Nicole, L1 aBouatia-Naji, Nabila1 aGloyn, Anna, L1 aLindgren, Cecilia, M1 aMägi, Reedik1 aMorris, Andrew, P1 aRandall, Joshua1 aJohnson, Toby1 aElliott, Paul1 aRybin, Denis1 aThorleifsson, Gudmar1 aSteinthorsdottir, Valgerdur1 aHenneman, Peter1 aGrallert, Harald1 aDehghan, Abbas1 aHottenga, Jouke Jan1 aFranklin, Christopher, S1 aNavarro, Pau1 aSong, Kijoung1 aGoel, Anuj1 aPerry, John, R B1 aEgan, Josephine, M1 aLajunen, Taina1 aGrarup, Niels1 aSparsø, Thomas1 aDoney, Alex1 aVoight, Benjamin, F1 aStringham, Heather, M1 aLi, Man1 aKanoni, Stavroula1 aShrader, Peter1 aCavalcanti-Proença, Christine1 aKumari, Meena1 aQi, Lu1 aTimpson, Nicholas, J1 aGieger, Christian1 aZabena, Carina1 aRocheleau, Ghislain1 aIngelsson, Erik1 aAn, Ping1 aO'Connell, Jeffrey1 aLuan, Jian'an1 aElliott, Amanda1 aMcCarroll, Steven, A1 aPayne, Felicity1 aRoccasecca, Rosa Maria1 aPattou, François1 aSethupathy, Praveen1 aArdlie, Kristin1 aAriyurek, Yavuz1 aBalkau, Beverley1 aBarter, Philip1 aBeilby, John, P1 aBen-Shlomo, Yoav1 aBenediktsson, Rafn1 aBennett, Amanda, J1 aBergmann, Sven1 aBochud, Murielle1 aBoerwinkle, Eric1 aBonnefond, Amélie1 aBonnycastle, Lori, L1 aBorch-Johnsen, Knut1 aBöttcher, Yvonne1 aBrunner, Eric1 aBumpstead, Suzannah, J1 aCharpentier, Guillaume1 aChen, Yii-Der Ida1 aChines, Peter1 aClarke, Robert1 aCoin, Lachlan, J M1 aCooper, Matthew, N1 aCornelis, Marilyn1 aCrawford, Gabe1 aCrisponi, Laura1 aDay, Ian, N M1 aGeus, Eco, J C1 aDelplanque, Jerome1 aDina, Christian1 aErdos, Michael, R1 aFedson, Annette, C1 aFischer-Rosinsky, Antje1 aForouhi, Nita, G1 aFox, Caroline, S1 aFrants, Rune1 aFranzosi, Maria Grazia1 aGalan, Pilar1 aGoodarzi, Mark, O1 aGraessler, Jürgen1 aGroves, Christopher, J1 aGrundy, Scott1 aGwilliam, Rhian1 aGyllensten, Ulf1 aHadjadj, Samy1 aHallmans, Göran1 aHammond, Naomi1 aHan, Xijing1 aHartikainen, Anna-Liisa1 aHassanali, Neelam1 aHayward, Caroline1 aHeath, Simon, C1 aHercberg, Serge1 aHerder, Christian1 aHicks, Andrew, A1 aHillman, David, R1 aHingorani, Aroon, D1 aHofman, Albert1 aHui, Jennie1 aHung, Joe1 aIsomaa, Bo1 aJohnson, Paul, R V1 aJørgensen, Torben1 aJula, Antti1 aKaakinen, Marika1 aKaprio, Jaakko1 aKesaniemi, Antero, Y1 aKivimaki, Mika1 aKnight, Beatrice1 aKoskinen, Seppo1 aKovacs, Peter1 aKyvik, Kirsten Ohm1 aLathrop, Mark, G1 aLawlor, Debbie, A1 aLe Bacquer, Olivier1 aLecoeur, Cécile1 aLi, Yun1 aLyssenko, Valeriya1 aMahley, Robert1 aMangino, Massimo1 aManning, Alisa, K1 aMartínez-Larrad, María Teresa1 aMcAteer, Jarred, B1 aMcCulloch, Laura, J1 aMcPherson, Ruth1 aMeisinger, Christa1 aMelzer, David1 aMeyre, David1 aMitchell, Braxton, D1 aMorken, Mario, A1 aMukherjee, Sutapa1 aNaitza, Silvia1 aNarisu, Narisu1 aNeville, Matthew, J1 aOostra, Ben, A1 aOrrù, Marco1 aPakyz, Ruth1 aPalmer, Colin, N A1 aPaolisso, Giuseppe1 aPattaro, Cristian1 aPearson, Daniel1 aPeden, John, F1 aPedersen, Nancy, L1 aPerola, Markus1 aPfeiffer, Andreas, F H1 aPichler, Irene1 aPolasek, Ozren1 aPosthuma, Danielle1 aPotter, Simon, C1 aPouta, Anneli1 aProvince, Michael, A1 aPsaty, Bruce, M1 aRathmann, Wolfgang1 aRayner, Nigel, W1 aRice, Kenneth1 aRipatti, Samuli1 aRivadeneira, Fernando1 aRoden, Michael1 aRolandsson, Olov1 aSandbaek, Annelli1 aSandhu, Manjinder1 aSanna, Serena1 aSayer, Avan Aihie1 aScheet, Paul1 aScott, Laura, J1 aSeedorf, Udo1 aSharp, Stephen, J1 aShields, Beverley1 aSigurethsson, Gunnar1 aSijbrands, Eric, J G1 aSilveira, Angela1 aSimpson, Laila1 aSingleton, Andrew1 aSmith, Nicholas, L1 aSovio, Ulla1 aSwift, Amy1 aSyddall, Holly1 aSyvänen, Ann-Christine1 aTanaka, Toshiko1 aThorand, Barbara1 aTichet, Jean1 aTönjes, Anke1 aTuomi, Tiinamaija1 aUitterlinden, André, G1 aDijk, Ko Willems1 aHoek, Mandy1 aVarma, Dhiraj1 aVisvikis-Siest, Sophie1 aVitart, Veronique1 aVogelzangs, Nicole1 aWaeber, Gérard1 aWagner, Peter, J1 aWalley, Andrew1 aWalters, Bragi, G1 aWard, Kim, L1 aWatkins, Hugh1 aWeedon, Michael, N1 aWild, Sarah, H1 aWillemsen, Gonneke1 aWitteman, Jaqueline, C M1 aYarnell, John, W G1 aZeggini, Eleftheria1 aZelenika, Diana1 aZethelius, Björn1 aZhai, Guangju1 aZhao, Jing Hua1 aZillikens, Carola, M1 aBorecki, Ingrid, B1 aLoos, Ruth, J F1 aMeneton, Pierre1 aMagnusson, Patrik, K E1 aNathan, David, M1 aWilliams, Gordon, H1 aHattersley, Andrew, T1 aSilander, Kaisa1 aSalomaa, Veikko1 aSmith, George Davey1 aBornstein, Stefan, R1 aSchwarz, Peter1 aSpranger, Joachim1 aKarpe, Fredrik1 aShuldiner, Alan, R1 aCooper, Cyrus1 aDedoussis, George, V1 aSerrano-Ríos, Manuel1 aMorris, Andrew, D1 aLind, Lars1 aPalmer, Lyle, J1 aHu, Frank, B1 aFranks, Paul, W1 aEbrahim, Shah1 aMarmot, Michael1 aKao, Linda, W H1 aPankow, James, S1 aSampson, Michael, J1 aKuusisto, Johanna1 aLaakso, Markku1 aHansen, Torben1 aPedersen, Oluf1 aPramstaller, Peter Paul1 aWichmann, Erich, H1 aIllig, Thomas1 aRudan, Igor1 aWright, Alan, F1 aStumvoll, Michael1 aCampbell, Harry1 aWilson, James, F1 aBergman, Richard, N1 aBuchanan, Thomas, A1 aCollins, Francis, S1 aMohlke, Karen, L1 aTuomilehto, Jaakko1 aValle, Timo, T1 aAltshuler, David1 aRotter, Jerome, I1 aSiscovick, David, S1 aPenninx, Brenda, W J H1 aBoomsma, Dorret, I1 aDeloukas, Panos1 aSpector, Timothy, D1 aFrayling, Timothy, M1 aFerrucci, Luigi1 aKong, Augustine1 aThorsteinsdottir, Unnur1 aStefansson, Kari1 aDuijn, Cornelia, M1 aAulchenko, Yurii, S1 aCao, Antonio1 aScuteri, Angelo1 aSchlessinger, David1 aUda, Manuela1 aRuokonen, Aimo1 aJarvelin, Marjo-Riitta1 aWaterworth, Dawn, M1 aVollenweider, Peter1 aPeltonen, Leena1 aMooser, Vincent1 aAbecasis, Goncalo, R1 aWareham, Nicholas, J1 aSladek, Robert1 aFroguel, Philippe1 aWatanabe, Richard, M1 aMeigs, James, B1 aGroop, Leif1 aBoehnke, Michael1 aMcCarthy, Mark, I1 aFlorez, Jose, C1 aBarroso, Inês1 aDIAGRAM Consortium1 aGIANT Consortium1 aGlobal BPgen Consortium1 aAnders Hamsten on behalf of Procardis Consortium1 aMAGIC investigators uhttps://chs-nhlbi.org/node/116013785nas a2204513 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2011 eng d a1476-468700aGenetic variants in novel pathways influence blood pressure and cardiovascular disease risk.0 aGenetic variants in novel pathways influence blood pressure and c2011 Sep 11 a103-90 v4783 aBlood pressure is a heritable trait influenced by several biological pathways and responsive to environmental stimuli. Over one billion people worldwide have hypertension (≥140 mm Hg systolic blood pressure or ≥90 mm Hg diastolic blood pressure). Even small increments in blood pressure are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. This genome-wide association study of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, which used a multi-stage design in 200,000 individuals of European descent, identified sixteen novel loci: six of these loci contain genes previously known or suspected to regulate blood pressure (GUCY1A3-GUCY1B3, NPR3-C5orf23, ADM, FURIN-FES, GOSR2, GNAS-EDN3); the other ten provide new clues to blood pressure physiology. A genetic risk score based on 29 genome-wide significant variants was associated with hypertension, left ventricular wall thickness, stroke and coronary artery disease, but not kidney disease or kidney function. We also observed associations with blood pressure in East Asian, South Asian and African ancestry individuals. Our findings provide new insights into the genetics and biology of blood pressure, and suggest potential novel therapeutic pathways for cardiovascular disease prevention.
10aAfrica10aAsia10aBlood Pressure10aCardiovascular Diseases10aCoronary Artery Disease10aEurope10aGenetic Predisposition to Disease10aGenome-Wide Association Study10aHumans10aHypertension10aKidney Diseases10aPolymorphism, Single Nucleotide10aStroke1 aInternational Consortium for Blood Pressure Genome-Wide Association Studies1 aEhret, Georg, B1 aMunroe, Patricia, B1 aRice, Kenneth, M1 aBochud, Murielle1 aJohnson, Andrew, D1 aChasman, Daniel, I1 aSmith, Albert, V1 aTobin, Martin, D1 aVerwoert, Germaine, C1 aHwang, Shih-Jen1 aPihur, Vasyl1 aVollenweider, Peter1 aO'Reilly, Paul, F1 aAmin, Najaf1 aBragg-Gresham, Jennifer, L1 aTeumer, Alexander1 aGlazer, Nicole, L1 aLauner, Lenore1 aZhao, Jing Hua1 aAulchenko, Yurii1 aHeath, Simon1 aSõber, Siim1 aParsa, Afshin1 aLuan, Jian'an1 aArora, Pankaj1 aDehghan, Abbas1 aZhang, Feng1 aLucas, Gavin1 aHicks, Andrew, A1 aJackson, Anne, U1 aPeden, John, F1 aTanaka, Toshiko1 aWild, Sarah, H1 aRudan, Igor1 aIgl, Wilmar1 aMilaneschi, Yuri1 aParker, Alex, N1 aFava, Cristiano1 aChambers, John, C1 aFox, Ervin, R1 aKumari, Meena1 aGo, Min Jin1 aHarst, Pim1 aKao, Wen Hong Linda1 aSjögren, Marketa1 aVinay, D G1 aAlexander, Myriam1 aTabara, Yasuharu1 aShaw-Hawkins, Sue1 aWhincup, Peter, H1 aLiu, Yongmei1 aShi, Gang1 aKuusisto, Johanna1 aTayo, Bamidele1 aSeielstad, Mark1 aSim, Xueling1 aNguyen, Khanh-Dung Hoang1 aLehtimäki, Terho1 aMatullo, Giuseppe1 aWu, Ying1 aGaunt, Tom, R1 aOnland-Moret, Charlotte, N1 aCooper, Matthew, N1 aPlatou, Carl, G P1 aOrg, Elin1 aHardy, Rebecca1 aDahgam, Santosh1 aPalmen, Jutta1 aVitart, Veronique1 aBraund, Peter, S1 aKuznetsova, Tatiana1 aUiterwaal, Cuno, S P M1 aAdeyemo, Adebowale1 aPalmas, Walter1 aCampbell, Harry1 aLudwig, Barbara1 aTomaszewski, Maciej1 aTzoulaki, Ioanna1 aPalmer, Nicholette, D1 aAspelund, Thor1 aGarcia, Melissa1 aChang, Yen-Pei, C1 aO'Connell, Jeffrey, R1 aSteinle, Nanette, I1 aGrobbee, Diederick, E1 aArking, Dan, E1 aKardia, Sharon, L1 aMorrison, Alanna, C1 aHernandez, Dena1 aNajjar, Samer1 aMcArdle, Wendy, L1 aHadley, David1 aBrown, Morris, J1 aConnell, John, M1 aHingorani, Aroon, D1 aDay, Ian, N M1 aLawlor, Debbie, A1 aBeilby, John, P1 aLawrence, Robert, W1 aClarke, Robert1 aHopewell, Jemma, C1 aOngen, Halit1 aDreisbach, Albert, W1 aLi, Yali1 aYoung, Hunter, J1 aBis, Joshua, C1 aKähönen, Mika1 aViikari, Jorma1 aAdair, Linda, S1 aLee, Nanette, R1 aChen, Ming-Huei1 aOlden, Matthias1 aPattaro, Cristian1 aBolton, Judith Hoffman, A1 aKöttgen, Anna1 aBergmann, Sven1 aMooser, Vincent1 aChaturvedi, Nish1 aFrayling, Timothy, M1 aIslam, Muhammad1 aJafar, Tazeen, H1 aErdmann, Jeanette1 aKulkarni, Smita, R1 aBornstein, Stefan, R1 aGrässler, Jürgen1 aGroop, Leif1 aVoight, Benjamin, F1 aKettunen, Johannes1 aHoward, Philip1 aTaylor, Andrew1 aGuarrera, Simonetta1 aRicceri, Fulvio1 aEmilsson, Valur1 aPlump, Andrew1 aBarroso, Inês1 aKhaw, Kay-Tee1 aWeder, Alan, B1 aHunt, Steven, C1 aSun, Yan, V1 aBergman, Richard, N1 aCollins, Francis, S1 aBonnycastle, Lori, L1 aScott, Laura, J1 aStringham, Heather, M1 aPeltonen, Leena1 aPerola, Markus1 aVartiainen, Erkki1 aBrand, Stefan-Martin1 aStaessen, Jan, A1 aWang, Thomas, J1 aBurton, Paul, R1 aArtigas, Maria, Soler1 aDong, Yanbin1 aSnieder, Harold1 aWang, Xiaoling1 aZhu, Haidong1 aLohman, Kurt, K1 aRudock, Megan, E1 aHeckbert, Susan, R1 aSmith, Nicholas, L1 aWiggins, Kerri, L1 aDoumatey, Ayo1 aShriner, Daniel1 aVeldre, Gudrun1 aViigimaa, Margus1 aKinra, Sanjay1 aPrabhakaran, Dorairaj1 aTripathy, Vikal1 aLangefeld, Carl, D1 aRosengren, Annika1 aThelle, Dag, S1 aCorsi, Anna Maria1 aSingleton, Andrew1 aForrester, Terrence1 aHilton, Gina1 aMcKenzie, Colin, A1 aSalako, Tunde1 aIwai, Naoharu1 aKita, Yoshikuni1 aOgihara, Toshio1 aOhkubo, Takayoshi1 aOkamura, Tomonori1 aUeshima, Hirotsugu1 aUmemura, Satoshi1 aEyheramendy, Susana1 aMeitinger, Thomas1 aWichmann, H-Erich1 aCho, Yoon Shin1 aKim, Hyung-Lae1 aLee, Jong-Young1 aScott, James1 aSehmi, Joban, S1 aZhang, Weihua1 aHedblad, Bo1 aNilsson, Peter1 aSmith, George Davey1 aWong, Andrew1 aNarisu, Narisu1 aStančáková, Alena1 aRaffel, Leslie, J1 aYao, Jie1 aKathiresan, Sekar1 aO'Donnell, Christopher, J1 aSchwartz, Stephen, M1 aIkram, Arfan, M1 aLongstreth, W T1 aMosley, Thomas, H1 aSeshadri, Sudha1 aShrine, Nick, R G1 aWain, Louise, V1 aMorken, Mario, A1 aSwift, Amy, J1 aLaitinen, Jaana1 aProkopenko, Inga1 aZitting, Paavo1 aCooper, Jackie, A1 aHumphries, Steve, E1 aDanesh, John1 aRasheed, Asif1 aGoel, Anuj1 aHamsten, Anders1 aWatkins, Hugh1 aBakker, Stephan, J L1 aGilst, Wiek, H1 aJanipalli, Charles, S1 aMani, Radha, K1 aYajnik, Chittaranjan, S1 aHofman, Albert1 aMattace-Raso, Francesco, U S1 aOostra, Ben, A1 aDemirkan, Ayse1 aIsaacs, Aaron1 aRivadeneira, Fernando1 aLakatta, Edward, G1 aOrrù, Marco1 aScuteri, Angelo1 aAla-Korpela, Mika1 aKangas, Antti, J1 aLyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka1 aSoininen, Pasi1 aTukiainen, Taru1 aWürtz, Peter1 aOng, Rick Twee-Hee1 aDörr, Marcus1 aKroemer, Heyo, K1 aVölker, Uwe1 aVölzke, Henry1 aGalan, Pilar1 aHercberg, Serge1 aLathrop, Mark1 aZelenika, Diana1 aDeloukas, Panos1 aMangino, Massimo1 aSpector, Tim, D1 aZhai, Guangju1 aMeschia, James, F1 aNalls, Michael, A1 aSharma, Pankaj1 aTerzic, Janos1 aKumar, Kranthi, M V1 aDenniff, Matthew1 aZukowska-Szczechowska, Ewa1 aWagenknecht, Lynne, E1 aFowkes, Gerald, F R1 aCharchar, Fadi, J1 aSchwarz, Peter, E H1 aHayward, Caroline1 aGuo, Xiuqing1 aRotimi, Charles1 aBots, Michiel, L1 aBrand, Eva1 aSamani, Nilesh, J1 aPolasek, Ozren1 aTalmud, Philippa, J1 aNyberg, Fredrik1 aKuh, Diana1 aLaan, Maris1 aHveem, Kristian1 aPalmer, Lyle, J1 aSchouw, Yvonne, T1 aCasas, Juan, P1 aMohlke, Karen, L1 aVineis, Paolo1 aRaitakari, Olli1 aGanesh, Santhi, K1 aWong, Tien, Y1 aTai, Shyong, E1 aCooper, Richard, S1 aLaakso, Markku1 aRao, Dabeeru, C1 aHarris, Tamara, B1 aMorris, Richard, W1 aDominiczak, Anna, F1 aKivimaki, Mika1 aMarmot, Michael, G1 aMiki, Tetsuro1 aSaleheen, Danish1 aChandak, Giriraj, R1 aCoresh, Josef1 aNavis, Gerjan1 aSalomaa, Veikko1 aHan, Bok-Ghee1 aZhu, Xiaofeng1 aKooner, Jaspal, S1 aMelander, Olle1 aRidker, Paul, M1 aBandinelli, Stefania1 aGyllensten, Ulf, B1 aWright, Alan, F1 aWilson, James, F1 aFerrucci, Luigi1 aFarrall, Martin1 aTuomilehto, Jaakko1 aPramstaller, Peter, P1 aElosua, Roberto1 aSoranzo, Nicole1 aSijbrands, Eric, J G1 aAltshuler, David1 aLoos, Ruth, J F1 aShuldiner, Alan, R1 aGieger, Christian1 aMeneton, Pierre1 aUitterlinden, André, G1 aWareham, Nicholas, J1 aGudnason, Vilmundur1 aRotter, Jerome, I1 aRettig, Rainer1 aUda, Manuela1 aStrachan, David, P1 aWitteman, Jacqueline, C M1 aHartikainen, Anna-Liisa1 aBeckmann, Jacques, S1 aBoerwinkle, Eric1 aVasan, Ramachandran, S1 aBoehnke, Michael1 aLarson, Martin, G1 aJarvelin, Marjo-Riitta1 aPsaty, Bruce, M1 aAbecasis, Goncalo, R1 aChakravarti, Aravinda1 aElliott, Paul1 aDuijn, Cornelia, M1 aNewton-Cheh, Christopher1 aLevy, Daniel1 aCaulfield, Mark, J1 aJohnson, Toby1 aCARDIoGRAM consortium1 aCKDGen Consortium1 aKidneyGen Consortium1 aEchoGen consortium1 aCHARGE-HF consortium 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2011 eng d a1546-171800aGenome-wide association study identifies six new loci influencing pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure.0 aGenomewide association study identifies six new loci influencing c2011 Sep 11 a1005-110 v433 aNumerous genetic loci have been associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in Europeans. We now report genome-wide association studies of pulse pressure (PP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). In discovery (N = 74,064) and follow-up studies (N = 48,607), we identified at genome-wide significance (P = 2.7 × 10(-8) to P = 2.3 × 10(-13)) four new PP loci (at 4q12 near CHIC2, 7q22.3 near PIK3CG, 8q24.12 in NOV and 11q24.3 near ADAMTS8), two new MAP loci (3p21.31 in MAP4 and 10q25.3 near ADRB1) and one locus associated with both of these traits (2q24.3 near FIGN) that has also recently been associated with SBP in east Asians. For three of the new PP loci, the estimated effect for SBP was opposite of that for DBP, in contrast to the majority of common SBP- and DBP-associated variants, which show concordant effects on both traits. These findings suggest new genetic pathways underlying blood pressure variation, some of which may differentially influence SBP and DBP.
10aArteries10aBlood Pressure10aCase-Control Studies10aFollow-Up Studies10aGenetic Loci10aGenome-Wide Association Study10aHumans10aHypertension10aLinkage Disequilibrium10aPolymorphism, Single Nucleotide1 aWain, Louise, V1 aVerwoert, Germaine, C1 aO'Reilly, Paul, F1 aShi, Gang1 aJohnson, Toby1 aJohnson, Andrew, D1 aBochud, Murielle1 aRice, Kenneth, M1 aHenneman, Peter1 aSmith, Albert, V1 aEhret, Georg, B1 aAmin, Najaf1 aLarson, Martin, G1 aMooser, Vincent1 aHadley, David1 aDörr, Marcus1 aBis, Joshua, C1 aAspelund, Thor1 aEsko, Tõnu1 aJanssens, Cecile, J W1 aZhao, Jing Hua1 aHeath, Simon1 aLaan, Maris1 aFu, Jingyuan1 aPistis, Giorgio1 aLuan, Jian'an1 aArora, Pankaj1 aLucas, Gavin1 aPirastu, Nicola1 aPichler, Irene1 aJackson, Anne, U1 aWebster, Rebecca, J1 aZhang, Feng1 aPeden, John, F1 aSchmidt, Helena1 aTanaka, Toshiko1 aCampbell, Harry1 aIgl, Wilmar1 aMilaneschi, Yuri1 aHottenga, Jouke-Jan1 aVitart, Veronique1 aChasman, Daniel, I1 aTrompet, Stella1 aBragg-Gresham, Jennifer, L1 aAlizadeh, Behrooz, Z1 aChambers, John, C1 aGuo, Xiuqing1 aLehtimäki, Terho1 aKuhnel, Brigitte1 aLopez, Lorna, M1 aPolasek, Ozren1 aBoban, Mladen1 aNelson, Christopher, P1 aMorrison, Alanna, C1 aPihur, Vasyl1 aGanesh, Santhi, K1 aHofman, Albert1 aKundu, Suman1 aMattace-Raso, Francesco, U S1 aRivadeneira, Fernando1 aSijbrands, Eric, J G1 aUitterlinden, André, G1 aHwang, Shih-Jen1 aVasan, Ramachandran, S1 aWang, Thomas, J1 aBergmann, Sven1 aVollenweider, Peter1 aWaeber, Gérard1 aLaitinen, Jaana1 aPouta, Anneli1 aZitting, Paavo1 aMcArdle, Wendy, L1 aKroemer, Heyo, K1 aVölker, Uwe1 aVölzke, Henry1 aGlazer, Nicole, L1 aTaylor, Kent, D1 aHarris, Tamara, B1 aAlavere, Helene1 aHaller, Toomas1 aKeis, Aime1 aTammesoo, Mari-Liis1 aAulchenko, Yurii1 aBarroso, Inês1 aKhaw, Kay-Tee1 aGalan, Pilar1 aHercberg, Serge1 aLathrop, Mark1 aEyheramendy, Susana1 aOrg, Elin1 aSõber, Siim1 aLu, Xiaowen1 aNolte, Ilja, M1 aPenninx, Brenda, W1 aCorre, Tanguy1 aMasciullo, Corrado1 aSala, Cinzia1 aGroop, Leif1 aVoight, Benjamin, F1 aMelander, Olle1 aO'Donnell, Christopher, J1 aSalomaa, Veikko1 ad'Adamo, Adamo, Pio1 aFabretto, Antonella1 aFaletra, Flavio1 aUlivi, Sheila1 aDel Greco, Fabiola, M1 aFacheris, Maurizio1 aCollins, Francis, S1 aBergman, Richard, N1 aBeilby, John, P1 aHung, Joseph1 aMusk, William1 aMangino, Massimo1 aShin, So-Youn1 aSoranzo, Nicole1 aWatkins, Hugh1 aGoel, Anuj1 aHamsten, Anders1 aGider, Pierre1 aLoitfelder, Marisa1 aZeginigg, Marion1 aHernandez, Dena1 aNajjar, Samer, S1 aNavarro, Pau1 aWild, Sarah, H1 aCorsi, Anna Maria1 aSingleton, Andrew1 aGeus, Eco, J C1 aWillemsen, Gonneke1 aParker, Alex, N1 aRose, Lynda, M1 aBuckley, Brendan1 aStott, David1 aOrrù, Marco1 aUda, Manuela1 avan der Klauw, Melanie, M1 aZhang, Weihua1 aLi, Xinzhong1 aScott, James1 aChen, Yii-Der Ida1 aBurke, Gregory, L1 aKähönen, Mika1 aViikari, Jorma1 aDöring, Angela1 aMeitinger, Thomas1 aDavies, Gail1 aStarr, John, M1 aEmilsson, Valur1 aPlump, Andrew1 aLindeman, Jan, H1 aHoen, Peter, A C 't1 aKönig, Inke, R1 aFelix, Janine, F1 aClarke, Robert1 aHopewell, Jemma, C1 aOngen, Halit1 aBreteler, Monique1 aDebette, Stephanie1 aDeStefano, Anita, L1 aFornage, Myriam1 aMitchell, Gary, F1 aSmith, Nicholas, L1 aHolm, Hilma1 aStefansson, Kari1 aThorleifsson, Gudmar1 aThorsteinsdottir, Unnur1 aSamani, Nilesh, J1 aPreuss, Michael1 aRudan, Igor1 aHayward, Caroline1 aDeary, Ian, J1 aWichmann, H-Erich1 aRaitakari, Olli, T1 aPalmas, Walter1 aKooner, Jaspal, S1 aStolk, Ronald, P1 aJukema, Wouter1 aWright, Alan, F1 aBoomsma, Dorret, I1 aBandinelli, Stefania1 aGyllensten, Ulf, B1 aWilson, James, F1 aFerrucci, Luigi1 aSchmidt, Reinhold1 aFarrall, Martin1 aSpector, Tim, D1 aPalmer, Lyle, J1 aTuomilehto, Jaakko1 aPfeufer, Arne1 aGasparini, Paolo1 aSiscovick, David1 aAltshuler, David1 aLoos, Ruth, J F1 aToniolo, Daniela1 aSnieder, Harold1 aGieger, Christian1 aMeneton, Pierre1 aWareham, Nicholas, J1 aOostra, Ben, A1 aMetspalu, Andres1 aLauner, Lenore1 aRettig, Rainer1 aStrachan, David, P1 aBeckmann, Jacques, S1 aWitteman, Jacqueline, C M1 aErdmann, Jeanette1 aDijk, Ko Willems1 aBoerwinkle, Eric1 aBoehnke, Michael1 aRidker, Paul, M1 aJarvelin, Marjo-Riitta1 aChakravarti, Aravinda1 aAbecasis, Goncalo, R1 aGudnason, Vilmundur1 aNewton-Cheh, Christopher1 aLevy, Daniel1 aMunroe, Patricia, B1 aPsaty, Bruce, M1 aCaulfield, Mark, J1 aRao, Dabeeru, C1 aTobin, Martin, D1 aElliott, Paul1 aDuijn, Cornelia, M1 aLifeLines Cohort Study1 aEchoGen consortium1 aAortaGen Consortium1 aCHARGE Consortium Heart Failure Working Group1 aKidneyGen Consortium1 aCKDGen Consortium1 aCardiogenics consortium1 aCardioGram uhttps://chs-nhlbi.org/node/132402787nas a2200649 4500008004100000022001400041245009900055210006900154260001600223300000900239490000800248520092400256653002201180653001201202653004001214653002501254653001001279653001101289653001901300653003201319653003801351653002201389653001801411653004201429653001101471653000901482653003601491653002201527653002301549100002401572700002301596700002501619700001601644700002101660700001801681700001601699700001201715700001801727700001301745700002001758700001901778700002101797700002001818700002001838700002201858700002101880700002601901700002101927700002001948700002601968700002401994700002002018710001302038710001502051710003502066856003602101 2012 eng d a1095-920300aEvolution and functional impact of rare coding variation from deep sequencing of human exomes.0 aEvolution and functional impact of rare coding variation from de c2012 Jul 06 a64-90 v3373 aAs a first step toward understanding how rare variants contribute to risk for complex diseases, we sequenced 15,585 human protein-coding genes to an average median depth of 111× in 2440 individuals of European (n = 1351) and African (n = 1088) ancestry. We identified over 500,000 single-nucleotide variants (SNVs), the majority of which were rare (86% with a minor allele frequency less than 0.5%), previously unknown (82%), and population-specific (82%). On average, 2.3% of the 13,595 SNVs each person carried were predicted to affect protein function of ~313 genes per genome, and ~95.7% of SNVs predicted to be functionally important were rare. This excess of rare functional variants is due to the combined effects of explosive, recent accelerated population growth and weak purifying selection. Furthermore, we show that large sample sizes will be required to associate rare variants with complex traits.
10aAfrican Americans10aDisease10aEuropean Continental Ancestry Group10aEvolution, Molecular10aExome10aFemale10aGene Frequency10aGenetic Association Studies10aGenetic Predisposition to Disease10aGenetic Variation10aGenome, Human10aHigh-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing10aHumans10aMale10aPolymorphism, Single Nucleotide10aPopulation Growth10aSelection, Genetic1 aTennessen, Jacob, A1 aBigham, Abigail, W1 aO'Connor, Timothy, D1 aFu, Wenqing1 aKenny, Eimear, E1 aGravel, Simon1 aMcGee, Sean1 aDo, Ron1 aLiu, Xiaoming1 aJun, Goo1 aKang, Hyun, Min1 aJordan, Daniel1 aLeal, Suzanne, M1 aGabriel, Stacey1 aRieder, Mark, J1 aAbecasis, Goncalo1 aAltshuler, David1 aNickerson, Deborah, A1 aBoerwinkle, Eric1 aSunyaev, Shamil1 aBustamante, Carlos, D1 aBamshad, Michael, J1 aAkey, Joshua, M1 aBroad GO1 aSeattle GO1 aNHLBI Exome Sequencing Project uhttps://chs-nhlbi.org/node/138721848nas a2207177 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2012 eng d a1553-740400aNovel loci for adiponectin levels and their influence on type 2 diabetes and metabolic traits: a multi-ethnic meta-analysis of 45,891 individuals.0 aNovel loci for adiponectin levels and their influence on type 2 c2012 ae10026070 v83 aCirculating levels of adiponectin, a hormone produced predominantly by adipocytes, are highly heritable and are inversely associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and other metabolic traits. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in 39,883 individuals of European ancestry to identify genes associated with metabolic disease. We identified 8 novel loci associated with adiponectin levels and confirmed 2 previously reported loci (P = 4.5×10(-8)-1.2×10(-43)). Using a novel method to combine data across ethnicities (N = 4,232 African Americans, N = 1,776 Asians, and N = 29,347 Europeans), we identified two additional novel loci. Expression analyses of 436 human adipocyte samples revealed that mRNA levels of 18 genes at candidate regions were associated with adiponectin concentrations after accounting for multiple testing (p<3×10(-4)). We next developed a multi-SNP genotypic risk score to test the association of adiponectin decreasing risk alleles on metabolic traits and diseases using consortia-level meta-analytic data. This risk score was associated with increased risk of T2D (p = 4.3×10(-3), n = 22,044), increased triglycerides (p = 2.6×10(-14), n = 93,440), increased waist-to-hip ratio (p = 1.8×10(-5), n = 77,167), increased glucose two hours post oral glucose tolerance testing (p = 4.4×10(-3), n = 15,234), increased fasting insulin (p = 0.015, n = 48,238), but with lower in HDL-cholesterol concentrations (p = 4.5×10(-13), n = 96,748) and decreased BMI (p = 1.4×10(-4), n = 121,335). These findings identify novel genetic determinants of adiponectin levels, which, taken together, influence risk of T2D and markers of insulin resistance.
10aAdiponectin10aAfrican Americans10aAsian Continental Ancestry Group10aCholesterol, HDL10aDiabetes Mellitus, Type 210aEuropean Continental Ancestry Group10aFemale10aGene Expression10aGenetic Predisposition to Disease10aGenome-Wide Association Study10aGlucose Tolerance Test10aHumans10aInsulin Resistance10aMale10aMetabolic Networks and Pathways10aPolymorphism, Single Nucleotide10aWaist-Hip Ratio1 aDastani, Zari1 aHivert, Marie-France1 aTimpson, Nicholas1 aPerry, John, R B1 aYuan, Xin1 aScott, Robert, A1 aHenneman, Peter1 aHeid, Iris, M1 aKizer, Jorge, R1 aLyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka1 aFuchsberger, Christian1 aTanaka, Toshiko1 aMorris, Andrew, P1 aSmall, Kerrin1 aIsaacs, Aaron1 aBeekman, Marian1 aCoassin, Stefan1 aLohman, Kurt1 aQi, Lu1 aKanoni, Stavroula1 aPankow, James, S1 aUh, Hae-Won1 aWu, Ying1 aBidulescu, Aurelian1 aRasmussen-Torvik, Laura, J1 aGreenwood, Celia, M T1 aLadouceur, Martin1 aGrimsby, Jonna1 aManning, Alisa, K1 aLiu, Ching-Ti1 aKooner, Jaspal1 aMooser, Vincent, E1 aVollenweider, Peter1 aKapur, Karen, A1 aChambers, John1 aWareham, Nicholas, J1 aLangenberg, Claudia1 aFrants, Rune1 aWillems-Vandijk, Ko1 aOostra, Ben, A1 aWillems, Sara, M1 aLamina, Claudia1 aWinkler, Thomas, W1 aPsaty, Bruce, M1 aTracy, Russell, P1 aBrody, Jennifer1 aChen, Ida1 aViikari, Jorma1 aKähönen, Mika1 aPramstaller, Peter, P1 aEvans, David, M1 aSt Pourcain, Beate1 aSattar, Naveed1 aWood, Andrew, R1 aBandinelli, Stefania1 aCarlson, Olga, D1 aEgan, Josephine, M1 aBöhringer, Stefan1 avan Heemst, Diana1 aKedenko, Lyudmyla1 aKristiansson, Kati1 aNuotio, Marja-Liisa1 aLoo, Britt-Marie1 aHarris, Tamara1 aGarcia, Melissa1 aKanaya, Alka1 aHaun, Margot1 aKlopp, Norman1 aWichmann, H-Erich1 aDeloukas, Panos1 aKatsareli, Efi1 aCouper, David, J1 aDuncan, Bruce, B1 aKloppenburg, Margreet1 aAdair, Linda, S1 aBorja, Judith, B1 aWilson, James, G1 aMusani, Solomon1 aGuo, Xiuqing1 aJohnson, Toby1 aSemple, Robert1 aTeslovich, Tanya, M1 aAllison, Matthew, A1 aRedline, Susan1 aBuxbaum, Sarah, G1 aMohlke, Karen, L1 aMeulenbelt, Ingrid1 aBallantyne, Christie, M1 aDedoussis, George, V1 aHu, Frank, B1 aLiu, Yongmei1 aPaulweber, Bernhard1 aSpector, Timothy, D1 aSlagboom, Eline1 aFerrucci, Luigi1 aJula, Antti1 aPerola, Markus1 aRaitakari, Olli1 aFlorez, Jose, C1 aSalomaa, Veikko1 aEriksson, Johan, G1 aFrayling, Timothy, M1 aHicks, Andrew, A1 aLehtimäki, Terho1 aSmith, George Davey1 aSiscovick, David, S1 aKronenberg, Florian1 aDuijn, Cornelia1 aLoos, Ruth, J F1 aWaterworth, Dawn, M1 aMeigs, James, B1 aDupuis, Josée1 aRichards, Brent1 aVoight, Benjamin, F1 aScott, Laura, J1 aSteinthorsdottir, Valgerdur1 aDina, Christian1 aWelch, Ryan, P1 aZeggini, Eleftheria1 aHuth, Cornelia1 aAulchenko, Yurii, S1 aThorleifsson, Gudmar1 aMcCulloch, Laura, J1 aFerreira, Teresa1 aGrallert, Harald1 aAmin, Najaf1 aWu, Guanming1 aWiller, Cristen, J1 aRaychaudhuri, Soumya1 aMcCarroll, Steve, A1 aHofmann, Oliver, M1 aSegrè, Ayellet, V1 aHoek, Mandy1 aNavarro, Pau1 aArdlie, Kristin1 aBalkau, Beverley1 aBenediktsson, Rafn1 aBennett, Amanda, J1 aBlagieva, Roza1 aBoerwinkle, Eric1 aBonnycastle, Lori, L1 aBoström, Kristina, Bengtsson1 aBravenboer, Bert1 aBumpstead, Suzannah1 aBurtt, Noel, P1 aCharpentier, Guillaume1 aChines, Peter, S1 aCornelis, Marilyn1 aCrawford, Gabe1 aDoney, Alex, S F1 aElliott, Katherine, S1 aElliott, Amanda, L1 aErdos, Michael, R1 aFox, Caroline, S1 aFranklin, Christopher, S1 aGanser, Martha1 aGieger, Christian1 aGrarup, Niels1 aGreen, Todd1 aGriffin, Simon1 aGroves, Christopher, J1 aGuiducci, Candace1 aHadjadj, Samy1 aHassanali, Neelam1 aHerder, Christian1 aIsomaa, Bo1 aJackson, Anne, U1 aJohnson, Paul, R V1 aJørgensen, Torben1 aKao, Wen, H L1 aKong, Augustine1 aKraft, Peter1 aKuusisto, Johanna1 aLauritzen, Torsten1 aLi, Man1 aLieverse, Aloysius1 aLindgren, Cecilia, M1 aLyssenko, Valeriya1 aMarre, Michel1 aMeitinger, Thomas1 aMidthjell, Kristian1 aMorken, Mario, A1 aNarisu, Narisu1 aNilsson, Peter1 aOwen, Katharine, R1 aPayne, Felicity1 aPetersen, Ann-Kristin1 aPlatou, Carl1 aProença, Christine1 aProkopenko, Inga1 aRathmann, Wolfgang1 aRayner, William1 aRobertson, Neil, R1 aRocheleau, Ghislain1 aRoden, Michael1 aSampson, Michael, J1 aSaxena, Richa1 aShields, Beverley, M1 aShrader, Peter1 aSigurdsson, Gunnar1 aSparsø, Thomas1 aStrassburger, Klaus1 aStringham, Heather, M1 aSun, Qi1 aSwift, Amy, J1 aThorand, Barbara1 aTichet, Jean1 aTuomi, Tiinamaija1 avan Dam, Rob, M1 avan Haeften, Timon, W1 avan Herpt, Thijs1 avan Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana, V1 aWalters, Bragi, G1 aWeedon, Michael, N1 aWijmenga, Cisca1 aWitteman, Jacqueline1 aBergman, Richard, N1 aCauchi, Stephane1 aCollins, Francis, S1 aGloyn, Anna, L1 aGyllensten, Ulf1 aHansen, Torben1 aHide, Winston, A1 aHitman, Graham, A1 aHofman, Albert1 aHunter, David, J1 aHveem, Kristian1 aLaakso, Markku1 aMorris, Andrew, D1 aPalmer, Colin, N A1 aRudan, Igor1 aSijbrands, Eric1 aStein, Lincoln, D1 aTuomilehto, Jaakko1 aUitterlinden, Andre1 aWalker, Mark1 aWatanabe, Richard, M1 aAbecasis, Goncalo, R1 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aStrachan, David, P1 aReilly, Muredach, P1 aSamani, Nilesh, J1 aSchunkert, Heribert1 aCupples, Adrienne, L1 aSandhu, Manjinder, S1 aRidker, Paul, M1 aRader, Daniel, J1 aKathiresan, Sekar1 aDIAGRAM+ Consortium1 aMAGIC Consortium1 aGLGC Investigators1 aMuTHER Consortium1 aDIAGRAM Consortium1 aGIANT Consortium1 aGlobal B Pgen Consortium1 aProcardis Consortium1 aMAGIC investigators1 aGLGC Consortium uhttps://chs-nhlbi.org/node/137810597nas a2203385 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2013 eng d a1546-171800aCommon variants associated with plasma triglycerides and risk for coronary artery disease.0 aCommon variants associated with plasma triglycerides and risk fo c2013 Nov a1345-520 v453 aTriglycerides are transported in plasma by specific triglyceride-rich lipoproteins; in epidemiological studies, increased triglyceride levels correlate with higher risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, it is unclear whether this association reflects causal processes. We used 185 common variants recently mapped for plasma lipids (P < 5 × 10(-8) for each) to examine the role of triglycerides in risk for CAD. First, we highlight loci associated with both low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride levels, and we show that the direction and magnitude of the associations with both traits are factors in determining CAD risk. Second, we consider loci with only a strong association with triglycerides and show that these loci are also associated with CAD. Finally, in a model accounting for effects on LDL-C and/or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, the strength of a polymorphism's effect on triglyceride levels is correlated with the magnitude of its effect on CAD risk. These results suggest that triglyceride-rich lipoproteins causally influence risk for CAD.
10aBiological Transport10aCholesterol, HDL10aCholesterol, LDL10aCoronary Artery Disease10aHumans10aPolymorphism, Single Nucleotide10aRisk Factors10aTriglycerides1 aDo, Ron1 aWiller, Cristen, J1 aSchmidt, Ellen, M1 aSengupta, Sebanti1 aGao, Chi1 aPeloso, Gina, M1 aGustafsson, Stefan1 aKanoni, Stavroula1 aGanna, Andrea1 aChen, Jin1 aBuchkovich, Martin, L1 aMora, Samia1 aBeckmann, Jacques, S1 aBragg-Gresham, Jennifer, L1 aChang, Hsing-Yi1 aDemirkan, Ayse1 aHertog, Heleen, M Den1 aDonnelly, Louise, A1 aEhret, Georg, B1 aEsko, Tõnu1 aFeitosa, Mary, F1 aFerreira, Teresa1 aFischer, Krista1 aFontanillas, Pierre1 aFraser, Ross, M1 aFreitag, Daniel, F1 aGurdasani, Deepti1 aHeikkilä, Kauko1 aHyppönen, Elina1 aIsaacs, Aaron1 aJackson, Anne, U1 aJohansson, Asa1 aJohnson, Toby1 aKaakinen, Marika1 aKettunen, Johannes1 aKleber, Marcus, E1 aLi, Xiaohui1 aLuan, Jian'an1 aLyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka1 aMagnusson, Patrik, K E1 aMangino, Massimo1 aMihailov, Evelin1 aMontasser, May, E1 aMüller-Nurasyid, Martina1 aNolte, Ilja, M1 aO'Connell, Jeffrey, R1 aPalmer, Cameron, D1 aPerola, Markus1 aPetersen, Ann-Kristin1 aSanna, Serena1 aSaxena, Richa1 aService, Susan, K1 aShah, Sonia1 aShungin, Dmitry1 aSidore, Carlo1 aSong, Ci1 aStrawbridge, Rona, J1 aSurakka, Ida1 aTanaka, Toshiko1 aTeslovich, Tanya, M1 aThorleifsson, Gudmar1 avan den Herik, Evita, G1 aVoight, Benjamin, F1 aVolcik, Kelly, A1 aWaite, Lindsay, L1 aWong, Andrew1 aWu, Ying1 aZhang, Weihua1 aAbsher, Devin1 aAsiki, Gershim1 aBarroso, Inês1 aBeen, Latonya, F1 aBolton, Jennifer, L1 aBonnycastle, Lori, L1 aBrambilla, Paolo1 aBurnett, Mary, S1 aCesana, Giancarlo1 aDimitriou, Maria1 aDoney, Alex, S F1 aDöring, Angela1 aElliott, Paul1 aEpstein, Stephen, E1 aEyjolfsson, Gudmundur, Ingi1 aGigante, Bruna1 aGoodarzi, Mark, O1 aGrallert, Harald1 aGravito, Martha, L1 aGroves, Christopher, J1 aHallmans, Göran1 aHartikainen, Anna-Liisa1 aHayward, Caroline1 aHernandez, Dena1 aHicks, Andrew, A1 aHolm, Hilma1 aHung, Yi-Jen1 aIllig, Thomas1 aJones, Michelle, R1 aKaleebu, Pontiano1 aKastelein, John, J P1 aKhaw, Kay-Tee1 aKim, Eric1 aKlopp, Norman1 aKomulainen, Pirjo1 aKumari, Meena1 aLangenberg, Claudia1 aLehtimäki, Terho1 aLin, Shih-Yi1 aLindström, Jaana1 aLoos, Ruth, J F1 aMach, François1 aMcArdle, Wendy, L1 aMeisinger, Christa1 aMitchell, Braxton, D1 aMüller, Gabrielle1 aNagaraja, Ramaiah1 aNarisu, Narisu1 aNieminen, Tuomo, V M1 aNsubuga, Rebecca, N1 aOlafsson, Isleifur1 aOng, Ken, K1 aPalotie, Aarno1 aPapamarkou, Theodore1 aPomilla, Cristina1 aPouta, Anneli1 aRader, Daniel, J1 aReilly, Muredach, P1 aRidker, Paul, M1 aRivadeneira, Fernando1 aRudan, Igor1 aRuokonen, Aimo1 aSamani, Nilesh1 aScharnagl, Hubert1 aSeeley, Janet1 aSilander, Kaisa1 aStančáková, Alena1 aStirrups, Kathleen1 aSwift, Amy, J1 aTiret, Laurence1 aUitterlinden, André, G1 avan Pelt, Joost1 aVedantam, Sailaja1 aWainwright, Nicholas1 aWijmenga, Cisca1 aWild, Sarah, H1 aWillemsen, Gonneke1 aWilsgaard, Tom1 aWilson, James, F1 aYoung, Elizabeth, H1 aZhao, Jing Hua1 aAdair, Linda, S1 aArveiler, Dominique1 aAssimes, Themistocles, L1 aBandinelli, Stefania1 aBennett, Franklyn1 aBochud, Murielle1 aBoehm, Bernhard, O1 aBoomsma, Dorret, I1 aBorecki, Ingrid, B1 aBornstein, Stefan, R1 aBovet, Pascal1 aBurnier, Michel1 aCampbell, Harry1 aChakravarti, Aravinda1 aChambers, John, C1 aChen, Yii-Der Ida1 aCollins, Francis, S1 aCooper, Richard, S1 aDanesh, John1 aDedoussis, George1 ade Faire, Ulf1 aFeranil, Alan, B1 aFerrieres, Jean1 aFerrucci, Luigi1 aFreimer, Nelson, B1 aGieger, Christian1 aGroop, Leif, C1 aGudnason, Vilmundur1 aGyllensten, Ulf1 aHamsten, Anders1 aHarris, Tamara, B1 aHingorani, Aroon1 aHirschhorn, Joel, N1 aHofman, Albert1 aHovingh, Kees1 aHsiung, Chao, Agnes1 aHumphries, Steve, E1 aHunt, Steven, C1 aHveem, Kristian1 aIribarren, Carlos1 aJarvelin, Marjo-Riitta1 aJula, Antti1 aKähönen, Mika1 aKaprio, Jaakko1 aKesäniemi, Antero1 aKivimaki, Mika1 aKooner, Jaspal, S1 aKoudstaal, Peter, J1 aKrauss, Ronald, M1 aKuh, Diana1 aKuusisto, Johanna1 aKyvik, Kirsten, O1 aLaakso, Markku1 aLakka, Timo, A1 aLind, Lars1 aLindgren, Cecilia, M1 aMartin, Nicholas, G1 aMärz, Winfried1 aMcCarthy, Mark, I1 aMcKenzie, Colin, A1 aMeneton, Pierre1 aMetspalu, Andres1 aMoilanen, Leena1 aMorris, Andrew, D1 aMunroe, Patricia, B1 aNjølstad, Inger1 aPedersen, Nancy, L1 aPower, Chris1 aPramstaller, Peter, P1 aPrice, Jackie, F1 aPsaty, Bruce, M1 aQuertermous, Thomas1 aRauramaa, Rainer1 aSaleheen, Danish1 aSalomaa, Veikko1 aSanghera, Dharambir, K1 aSaramies, Jouko1 aSchwarz, Peter, E H1 aSheu, Wayne, H-H1 aShuldiner, Alan, R1 aSiegbahn, Agneta1 aSpector, Tim, D1 aStefansson, Kari1 aStrachan, David, P1 aTayo, Bamidele, O1 aTremoli, Elena1 aTuomilehto, Jaakko1 aUusitupa, Matti1 aDuijn, Cornelia, M1 aVollenweider, Peter1 aWallentin, Lars1 aWareham, Nicholas, J1 aWhitfield, John, B1 aWolffenbuttel, Bruce, H R1 aAltshuler, David1 aOrdovas, Jose, M1 aBoerwinkle, Eric1 aPalmer, Colin, N A1 aThorsteinsdottir, Unnur1 aChasman, Daniel, I1 aRotter, Jerome, I1 aFranks, Paul, W1 aRipatti, Samuli1 aCupples, Adrienne, L1 aSandhu, Manjinder, S1 aRich, Stephen, S1 aBoehnke, Michael1 aDeloukas, Panos1 aMohlke, Karen, L1 aIngelsson, Erik1 aAbecasis, Goncalo, R1 aDaly, Mark, J1 aNeale, Benjamin, M1 aKathiresan, Sekar uhttps://chs-nhlbi.org/node/801405734nas a2201333 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2014 eng d a1533-440600aLoss-of-function mutations in APOC3, triglycerides, and coronary disease.0 aLossoffunction mutations in APOC3 triglycerides and coronary dis c2014 Jul 3 a22-310 v3713 aBACKGROUND: Plasma triglyceride levels are heritable and are correlated with the risk of coronary heart disease. Sequencing of the protein-coding regions of the human genome (the exome) has the potential to identify rare mutations that have a large effect on phenotype.
METHODS: We sequenced the protein-coding regions of 18,666 genes in each of 3734 participants of European or African ancestry in the Exome Sequencing Project. We conducted tests to determine whether rare mutations in coding sequence, individually or in aggregate within a gene, were associated with plasma triglyceride levels. For mutations associated with triglyceride levels, we subsequently evaluated their association with the risk of coronary heart disease in 110,970 persons.
RESULTS: An aggregate of rare mutations in the gene encoding apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) was associated with lower plasma triglyceride levels. Among the four mutations that drove this result, three were loss-of-function mutations: a nonsense mutation (R19X) and two splice-site mutations (IVS2+1G→A and IVS3+1G→T). The fourth was a missense mutation (A43T). Approximately 1 in 150 persons in the study was a heterozygous carrier of at least one of these four mutations. Triglyceride levels in the carriers were 39% lower than levels in noncarriers (P<1×10(-20)), and circulating levels of APOC3 in carriers were 46% lower than levels in noncarriers (P=8×10(-10)). The risk of coronary heart disease among 498 carriers of any rare APOC3 mutation was 40% lower than the risk among 110,472 noncarriers (odds ratio, 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.47 to 0.75; P=4×10(-6)).
CONCLUSIONS: Rare mutations that disrupt APOC3 function were associated with lower levels of plasma triglycerides and APOC3. Carriers of these mutations were found to have a reduced risk of coronary heart disease. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others.).
10aAfrican Continental Ancestry Group10aApolipoprotein C-III10aCoronary Disease10aEuropean Continental Ancestry Group10aExome10aGenotype10aHeterozygote10aHumans10aLiver10aMutation10aRisk Factors10aSequence Analysis, DNA10aTriglycerides1 aTG and HDL Working Group of the Exome Sequencing Project, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute1 aCrosby, Jacy1 aPeloso, Gina, M1 aAuer, Paul, L1 aCrosslin, David, R1 aStitziel, Nathan, O1 aLange, Leslie, A1 aLu, Yingchang1 aTang, Zheng-Zheng1 aZhang, He1 aHindy, George1 aMasca, Nicholas1 aStirrups, Kathleen1 aKanoni, Stavroula1 aDo, Ron1 aJun, Goo1 aHu, Youna1 aKang, Hyun, Min1 aXue, Chenyi1 aGoel, Anuj1 aFarrall, Martin1 aDuga, Stefano1 aMerlini, Pier, Angelica1 aAsselta, Rosanna1 aGirelli, Domenico1 aOlivieri, Oliviero1 aMartinelli, Nicola1 aYin, Wu1 aReilly, Dermot1 aSpeliotes, Elizabeth1 aFox, Caroline, S1 aHveem, Kristian1 aHolmen, Oddgeir, L1 aNikpay, Majid1 aFarlow, Deborah, N1 aAssimes, Themistocles, L1 aFranceschini, Nora1 aRobinson, Jennifer1 aNorth, Kari, E1 aMartin, Lisa, W1 aDePristo, Mark1 aGupta, Namrata1 aEscher, Stefan, A1 aJansson, Jan-Håkan1 aVan Zuydam, Natalie1 aPalmer, Colin, N A1 aWareham, Nicholas1 aKoch, Werner1 aMeitinger, Thomas1 aPeters, Annette1 aLieb, Wolfgang1 aErbel, Raimund1 aKönig, Inke, R1 aKruppa, Jochen1 aDegenhardt, Franziska1 aGottesman, Omri1 aBottinger, Erwin, P1 aO'Donnell, Christopher, J1 aPsaty, Bruce, M1 aBallantyne, Christie, M1 aAbecasis, Goncalo1 aOrdovas, Jose, M1 aMelander, Olle1 aWatkins, Hugh1 aOrho-Melander, Marju1 aArdissino, Diego1 aLoos, Ruth, J F1 aMcPherson, Ruth1 aWiller, Cristen, J1 aErdmann, Jeanette1 aHall, Alistair, S1 aSamani, Nilesh, J1 aDeloukas, Panos1 aSchunkert, Heribert1 aWilson, James, G1 aKooperberg, Charles1 aRich, Stephen, S1 aTracy, Russell, P1 aLin, Dan-Yu1 aAltshuler, David1 aGabriel, Stacey1 aNickerson, Deborah, A1 aJarvik, Gail, P1 aCupples, Adrienne, L1 aReiner, Alex, P1 aBoerwinkle, Eric1 aKathiresan, Sekar uhttps://chs-nhlbi.org/node/660505955nas a2201657 4500008004100000022001400041245011000055210006900165260001600234300001100250490000700261520138800268653001001656653000901666653002201675653002101697653001901718653001801737653001001755653001101765653002201776653001901798653001701817653003401834653001301868653001101881653001101892653000901903653001601912653001401928653003601942653002801978653002702006653001902033653002702052653002602079100002102105700001402126700001402140700001602154700002202170700002202192700001702214700002002231700002102251700002102272700001302293700002002306700001702326700001502343700001702358700002002375700001402395700002702409700001802436700002202454700001602476700001902492700001702511700002102528700002302549700002002572700001802592700002202610700001802632700001502650700001202665700001702677700001502694700001802709700001902727700001902746700001902765700002502784700002602809700002102835700002502856700002102881700001902902700002502921700001702946700002502963700001202988700002303000700002003023700002603043700002903069700002303098700002803121700001803149700002003167700002303187700002103210700001903231700001803250700002803268700001903296700002403315700002303339700002803362700001703390700002203407700002203429700002403451700002403475700002003499700002303519700002203542700001603564700001703580700002403597700002003621700001803641700002003659700002103679700001603700700001903716700002203735700002803757700002303785700003003808700001903838700001903857700002503876700002103901700002003922700002103942700002203963700001603985700002004001700002504021700002404046700002104070700002604091700002504117700002104142700002204163700002304185710005304208856003604261 2014 eng d a1537-660500aWhole-exome sequencing identifies rare and low-frequency coding variants associated with LDL cholesterol.0 aWholeexome sequencing identifies rare and lowfrequency coding va c2014 Feb 06 a233-450 v943 aElevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a treatable, heritable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified 157 variants associated with lipid levels but are not well suited to assess the impact of rare and low-frequency variants. To determine whether rare or low-frequency coding variants are associated with LDL-C, we exome sequenced 2,005 individuals, including 554 individuals selected for extreme LDL-C (>98(th) or <2(nd) percentile). Follow-up analyses included sequencing of 1,302 additional individuals and genotype-based analysis of 52,221 individuals. We observed significant evidence of association between LDL-C and the burden of rare or low-frequency variants in PNPLA5, encoding a phospholipase-domain-containing protein, and both known and previously unidentified variants in PCSK9, LDLR and APOB, three known lipid-related genes. The effect sizes for the burden of rare variants for each associated gene were substantially higher than those observed for individual SNPs identified from GWASs. We replicated the PNPLA5 signal in an independent large-scale sequencing study of 2,084 individuals. In conclusion, this large whole-exome-sequencing study for LDL-C identified a gene not known to be implicated in LDL-C and provides unique insight into the design and analysis of similar experiments.
10aAdult10aAged10aApolipoproteins E10aCholesterol, LDL10aCohort Studies10aDyslipidemias10aExome10aFemale10aFollow-Up Studies10aGene Frequency10aGenetic Code10aGenome-Wide Association Study10aGenotype10aHumans10aLipase10aMale10aMiddle Aged10aPhenotype10aPolymorphism, Single Nucleotide10aProprotein Convertase 910aProprotein Convertases10aReceptors, LDL10aSequence Analysis, DNA10aSerine Endopeptidases1 aLange, Leslie, A1 aHu, Youna1 aZhang, He1 aXue, Chenyi1 aSchmidt, Ellen, M1 aTang, Zheng-Zheng1 aBizon, Chris1 aLange, Ethan, M1 aSmith, Joshua, D1 aTurner, Emily, H1 aJun, Goo1 aKang, Hyun, Min1 aPeloso, Gina1 aAuer, Paul1 aLi, Kuo-Ping1 aFlannick, Jason1 aZhang, Ji1 aFuchsberger, Christian1 aGaulton, Kyle1 aLindgren, Cecilia1 aLocke, Adam1 aManning, Alisa1 aSim, Xueling1 aRivas, Manuel, A1 aHolmen, Oddgeir, L1 aGottesman, Omri1 aLu, Yingchang1 aRuderfer, Douglas1 aStahl, Eli, A1 aDuan, Qing1 aLi, Yun1 aDurda, Peter1 aJiao, Shuo1 aIsaacs, Aaron1 aHofman, Albert1 aBis, Joshua, C1 aCorrea, Adolfo1 aGriswold, Michael, E1 aJakobsdottir, Johanna1 aSmith, Albert, V1 aSchreiner, Pamela, J1 aFeitosa, Mary, F1 aZhang, Qunyuan1 aHuffman, Jennifer, E1 aCrosby, Jacy1 aWassel, Christina, L1 aDo, Ron1 aFranceschini, Nora1 aMartin, Lisa, W1 aRobinson, Jennifer, G1 aAssimes, Themistocles, L1 aCrosslin, David, R1 aRosenthal, Elisabeth, A1 aTsai, Michael1 aRieder, Mark, J1 aFarlow, Deborah, N1 aFolsom, Aaron, R1 aLumley, Thomas1 aFox, Ervin, R1 aCarlson, Christopher, S1 aPeters, Ulrike1 aJackson, Rebecca, D1 aDuijn, Cornelia, M1 aUitterlinden, André, G1 aLevy, Daniel1 aRotter, Jerome, I1 aTaylor, Herman, A1 aGudnason, Vilmundur1 aSiscovick, David, S1 aFornage, Myriam1 aBorecki, Ingrid, B1 aHayward, Caroline1 aRudan, Igor1 aChen, Eugene1 aBottinger, Erwin, P1 aLoos, Ruth, J F1 aSætrom, Pål1 aHveem, Kristian1 aBoehnke, Michael1 aGroop, Leif1 aMcCarthy, Mark1 aMeitinger, Thomas1 aBallantyne, Christie, M1 aGabriel, Stacey, B1 aO'Donnell, Christopher, J1 aPost, Wendy, S1 aNorth, Kari, E1 aReiner, Alexander, P1 aBoerwinkle, Eric1 aPsaty, Bruce, M1 aAltshuler, David1 aKathiresan, Sekar1 aLin, Dan-Yu1 aJarvik, Gail, P1 aCupples, Adrienne, L1 aKooperberg, Charles1 aWilson, James, G1 aNickerson, Deborah, A1 aAbecasis, Goncalo, R1 aRich, Stephen, S1 aTracy, Russell, P1 aWiller, Cristen, J1 aNHLBI Grand Opportunity Exome Sequencing Project uhttps://chs-nhlbi.org/node/657706191nas a2201513 4500008004100000022001400041245010300055210006900158260001500227300001000242490000800252520194100260653001602201653001702217653001202234653002202246653002502268653002102293653002802314653001002342653001102352653003802363653002502401653001702426653001102443653000902454653001602463653001302479653002602492653005302518653001902571653001802590653001802608100001202626700002402638700001802662700002902680700001802709700002802727700001702755700002002772700001502792700001202807700002002819700002102839700002102860700002002881700001802901700002202919700002302941700002302964700002202987700002003009700002803029700002103057700001703078700002403095700002803119700001803147700002303165700002203188700002403210700002203234700001903256700002203275700001903297700001803316700002903334700001503363700002203378700002003400700002003420700002203440700001503462700002303477700001603500700001903516700001703535700001703552700002903569700001903598700002003617700002103637700002203658700002303680700002003703700001903723700002203742700001203764700002103776700002003797700002403817700002003841700002503861700002103886700002103907700002403928700002203952700002503974700002103999700002404020700002104044700001904065700002004084700002204104700002204126700002004148700002004168700002804188700002404216700002404240700002104264700002004285700002504305700002404330700002004354700002604374700002504400700001804425700002604443700002104469700002304490700003004513700002104543700002004564700002204584710003504606856003604641 2015 eng d a1476-468700aExome sequencing identifies rare LDLR and APOA5 alleles conferring risk for myocardial infarction.0 aExome sequencing identifies rare LDLR and APOA5 alleles conferri c2015 Feb 5 a102-60 v5183 aMyocardial infarction (MI), a leading cause of death around the world, displays a complex pattern of inheritance. When MI occurs early in life, genetic inheritance is a major component to risk. Previously, rare mutations in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) genes have been shown to contribute to MI risk in individual families, whereas common variants at more than 45 loci have been associated with MI risk in the population. Here we evaluate how rare mutations contribute to early-onset MI risk in the population. We sequenced the protein-coding regions of 9,793 genomes from patients with MI at an early age (≤50 years in males and ≤60 years in females) along with MI-free controls. We identified two genes in which rare coding-sequence mutations were more frequent in MI cases versus controls at exome-wide significance. At low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), carriers of rare non-synonymous mutations were at 4.2-fold increased risk for MI; carriers of null alleles at LDLR were at even higher risk (13-fold difference). Approximately 2% of early MI cases harbour a rare, damaging mutation in LDLR; this estimate is similar to one made more than 40 years ago using an analysis of total cholesterol. Among controls, about 1 in 217 carried an LDLR coding-sequence mutation and had plasma LDL cholesterol > 190 mg dl(-1). At apolipoprotein A-V (APOA5), carriers of rare non-synonymous mutations were at 2.2-fold increased risk for MI. When compared with non-carriers, LDLR mutation carriers had higher plasma LDL cholesterol, whereas APOA5 mutation carriers had higher plasma triglycerides. Recent evidence has connected MI risk with coding-sequence mutations at two genes functionally related to APOA5, namely lipoprotein lipase and apolipoprotein C-III (refs 18, 19). Combined, these observations suggest that, as well as LDL cholesterol, disordered metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins contributes to MI risk.
10aAge Factors10aAge of Onset10aAlleles10aApolipoproteins A10aCase-Control Studies10aCholesterol, LDL10aCoronary Artery Disease10aExome10aFemale10aGenetic Predisposition to Disease10aGenetics, Population10aHeterozygote10aHumans10aMale10aMiddle Aged10aMutation10aMyocardial Infarction10aNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U.S.)10aReceptors, LDL10aTriglycerides10aUnited States1 aDo, Ron1 aStitziel, Nathan, O1 aWon, Hong-Hee1 aJørgensen, Anders, Berg1 aDuga, Stefano1 aMerlini, Pier, Angelica1 aKiezun, Adam1 aFarrall, Martin1 aGoel, Anuj1 aZuk, Or1 aGuella, Illaria1 aAsselta, Rosanna1 aLange, Leslie, A1 aPeloso, Gina, M1 aAuer, Paul, L1 aGirelli, Domenico1 aMartinelli, Nicola1 aFarlow, Deborah, N1 aDePristo, Mark, A1 aRoberts, Robert1 aStewart, Alexander, F R1 aSaleheen, Danish1 aDanesh, John1 aEpstein, Stephen, E1 aSivapalaratnam, Suthesh1 aHovingh, Kees1 aKastelein, John, J1 aSamani, Nilesh, J1 aSchunkert, Heribert1 aErdmann, Jeanette1 aShah, Svati, H1 aKraus, William, E1 aDavies, Robert1 aNikpay, Majid1 aJohansen, Christopher, T1 aWang, Jian1 aHegele, Robert, A1 aHechter, Eliana1 aMärz, Winfried1 aKleber, Marcus, E1 aHuang, Jie1 aJohnson, Andrew, D1 aLi, Mingyao1 aBurke, Greg, L1 aGross, Myron1 aLiu, Yongmei1 aAssimes, Themistocles, L1 aHeiss, Gerardo1 aLange, Ethan, M1 aFolsom, Aaron, R1 aTaylor, Herman, A1 aOlivieri, Oliviero1 aHamsten, Anders1 aClarke, Robert1 aReilly, Dermot, F1 aYin, Wu1 aRivas, Manuel, A1 aDonnelly, Peter1 aRossouw, Jacques, E1 aPsaty, Bruce, M1 aHerrington, David, M1 aWilson, James, G1 aRich, Stephen, S1 aBamshad, Michael, J1 aTracy, Russell, P1 aCupples, Adrienne, L1 aRader, Daniel, J1 aReilly, Muredach, P1 aSpertus, John, A1 aCresci, Sharon1 aHartiala, Jaana1 aTang, W, H Wilson1 aHazen, Stanley, L1 aAllayee, Hooman1 aReiner, Alex, P1 aCarlson, Christopher, S1 aKooperberg, Charles1 aJackson, Rebecca, D1 aBoerwinkle, Eric1 aLander, Eric, S1 aSchwartz, Stephen, M1 aSiscovick, David, S1 aMcPherson, Ruth1 aTybjaerg-Hansen, Anne1 aAbecasis, Goncalo, R1 aWatkins, Hugh1 aNickerson, Deborah, A1 aArdissino, Diego1 aSunyaev, Shamil, R1 aO'Donnell, Christopher, J1 aAltshuler, David1 aGabriel, Stacey1 aKathiresan, Sekar1 aNHLBI Exome Sequencing Project uhttps://chs-nhlbi.org/node/6691