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Obesity is globally prevalent and highly heritable, but its underlying genetic factors remain largely elusive. To identify genetic loci for obesity susceptibility, we examined associations between body mass index and ∼ 2.8 million SNPs in up to 123,865 individuals with targeted follow up of 42 SNPs in up to 125,931 additional individuals. We confirmed 14 known obesity susceptibility loci and identified 18 new loci associated with body mass index (P < 5 × 10⁻⁸), one of which includes a copy number variant near GPRC5B. Some loci (at MC4R, POMC, SH2B1 and BDNF) map near key hypothalamic regulators of energy balance, and one of these loci is near GIPR, an incretin receptor. Furthermore, genes in other newly associated loci may provide new insights into human body weight regulation.
10aBody Height10aBody Mass Index10aBody Size10aBody Weight10aChromosome Mapping10aEuropean Continental Ancestry Group10aGenetic Predisposition to Disease10aGenome-Wide Association Study10aHumans10aObesity10aPolymorphism, Single Nucleotide1 aSpeliotes, Elizabeth, K1 aWiller, Cristen, J1 aBerndt, Sonja, I1 aMonda, Keri, L1 aThorleifsson, Gudmar1 aJackson, Anne, U1 aAllen, Hana, Lango1 aLindgren, Cecilia, M1 aLuan, Jian'an1 aMägi, Reedik1 aRandall, Joshua, C1 aVedantam, Sailaja1 aWinkler, Thomas, W1 aQi, Lu1 aWorkalemahu, Tsegaselassie1 aHeid, Iris, M1 aSteinthorsdottir, Valgerdur1 aStringham, Heather, M1 aWeedon, Michael, N1 aWheeler, Eleanor1 aWood, Andrew, R1 aFerreira, Teresa1 aWeyant, Robert, J1 aSegrè, Ayellet, V1 aEstrada, Karol1 aLiang, Liming1 aNemesh, James1 aPark, Ju-Hyun1 aGustafsson, Stefan1 aKilpeläinen, Tuomas, O1 aYang, Jian1 aBouatia-Naji, Nabila1 aEsko, Tõnu1 aFeitosa, Mary, F1 aKutalik, Zoltán1 aMangino, Massimo1 aRaychaudhuri, Soumya1 aScherag, Andre1 aSmith, Albert, 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aBen-Shlomo, Yoav1 aBergman, Richard, N1 aBergmann, Sven1 aBiebermann, Heike1 aBlakemore, Alexandra, I F1 aBoes, Tanja1 aBonnycastle, Lori, L1 aBornstein, Stefan, R1 aBrown, Morris, J1 aBuchanan, Thomas, A1 aBusonero, Fabio1 aCampbell, Harry1 aCappuccio, Francesco, P1 aCavalcanti-Proença, Christine1 aChen, Yii-Der Ida1 aChen, Chih-Mei1 aChines, Peter, S1 aClarke, Robert1 aCoin, Lachlan1 aConnell, John1 aDay, Ian, N M1 aHeijer, Martin, den1 aDuan, Jubao1 aEbrahim, Shah1 aElliott, Paul1 aElosua, Roberto1 aEiriksdottir, Gudny1 aErdos, Michael, R1 aEriksson, Johan, G1 aFacheris, Maurizio, F1 aFelix, Stephan, B1 aFischer-Posovszky, Pamela1 aFolsom, Aaron, R1 aFriedrich, Nele1 aFreimer, Nelson, B1 aFu, Mao1 aGaget, Stefan1 aGejman, Pablo, V1 aGeus, Eco, J C1 aGieger, Christian1 aGjesing, Anette, P1 aGoel, Anuj1 aGoyette, Philippe1 aGrallert, Harald1 aGrässler, Jürgen1 aGreenawalt, Danielle, M1 aGroves, Christopher, J1 aGudnason, Vilmundur1 aGuiducci, Candace1 aHartikainen, Anna-Liisa1 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aTeslovich, Tanya, M1 aThompson, John, R1 aThomson, Brian1 aTönjes, Anke1 aTuomi, Tiinamaija1 avan Meurs, Joyce, B J1 avan Ommen, Gert-Jan1 aVatin, Vincent1 aViikari, Jorma1 aVisvikis-Siest, Sophie1 aVitart, Veronique1 aVogel, Carla, I G1 aVoight, Benjamin, F1 aWaite, Lindsay, L1 aWallaschofski, Henri1 aWalters, Bragi, G1 aWiden, Elisabeth1 aWiegand, Susanna1 aWild, Sarah, H1 aWillemsen, Gonneke1 aWitte, Daniel, R1 aWitteman, Jacqueline, C1 aXu, Jianfeng1 aZhang, Qunyuan1 aZgaga, Lina1 aZiegler, Andreas1 aZitting, Paavo1 aBeilby, John, P1 aFarooqi, Sadaf1 aHebebrand, Johannes1 aHuikuri, Heikki, V1 aJames, Alan, L1 aKähönen, Mika1 aLevinson, Douglas, F1 aMacciardi, Fabio1 aNieminen, Markku, S1 aOhlsson, Claes1 aPalmer, Lyle, J1 aRidker, Paul, M1 aStumvoll, Michael1 aBeckmann, Jacques, S1 aBoeing, Heiner1 aBoerwinkle, Eric1 aBoomsma, Dorret, I1 aCaulfield, Mark, J1 aChanock, Stephen, J1 aCollins, Francis, S1 aCupples, Adrienne, L1 aSmith, George Davey1 aErdmann, Jeanette1 aFroguel, Philippe1 aGrönberg, Henrik1 aGyllensten, Ulf1 aHall, Per1 aHansen, Torben1 aHarris, Tamara, B1 aHattersley, Andrew, T1 aHayes, Richard, B1 aHeinrich, Joachim1 aHu, Frank, B1 aHveem, Kristian1 aIllig, Thomas1 aJarvelin, Marjo-Riitta1 aKaprio, Jaakko1 aKarpe, Fredrik1 aKhaw, Kay-Tee1 aKiemeney, Lambertus, A1 aKrude, Heiko1 aLaakso, Markku1 aLawlor, Debbie, A1 aMetspalu, Andres1 aMunroe, Patricia, B1 aOuwehand, Willem, H1 aPedersen, Oluf1 aPenninx, Brenda, W1 aPeters, Annette1 aPramstaller, Peter, P1 aQuertermous, Thomas1 aReinehr, Thomas1 aRissanen, Aila1 aRudan, Igor1 aSamani, Nilesh, J1 aSchwarz, Peter, E H1 aShuldiner, Alan, R1 aSpector, Timothy, D1 aTuomilehto, Jaakko1 aUda, Manuela1 aUitterlinden, Andre1 aValle, Timo, T1 aWabitsch, Martin1 aWaeber, Gérard1 aWareham, Nicholas, J1 aWatkins, Hugh1 aWilson, James, F1 aWright, Alan, F1 aZillikens, Carola, M1 aChatterjee, Nilanjan1 aMcCarroll, Steven, A1 aPurcell, Shaun1 aSchadt, Eric, E1 aVisscher, Peter, M1 aAssimes, Themistocles, L1 aBorecki, Ingrid, B1 aDeloukas, Panos1 aFox, Caroline, S1 aGroop, Leif, C1 aHaritunians, Talin1 aHunter, David, J1 aKaplan, Robert, C1 aMohlke, Karen, L1 aO'Connell, Jeffrey, R1 aPeltonen, Leena1 aSchlessinger, David1 aStrachan, David, P1 aDuijn, Cornelia, M1 aWichmann, H-Erich1 aFrayling, Timothy, M1 aThorsteinsdottir, Unnur1 aAbecasis, Goncalo, R1 aBarroso, Inês1 aBoehnke, Michael1 aStefansson, Kari1 aNorth, Kari, E1 aMcCarthy, Mark, I1 aHirschhorn, Joel, N1 aIngelsson, Erik1 aLoos, Ruth, J F1 aMAGIC1 aProcardis Consortium uhttps://chs-nhlbi.org/node/123711930nas a2203889 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2010 eng d a1546-171800aMeta-analysis identifies 13 new loci associated with waist-hip ratio and reveals sexual dimorphism in the genetic basis of fat distribution.0 aMetaanalysis identifies 13 new loci associated with waisthip rat c2010 Nov a949-600 v423 aWaist-hip ratio (WHR) is a measure of body fat distribution and a predictor of metabolic consequences independent of overall adiposity. WHR is heritable, but few genetic variants influencing this trait have been identified. We conducted a meta-analysis of 32 genome-wide association studies for WHR adjusted for body mass index (comprising up to 77,167 participants), following up 16 loci in an additional 29 studies (comprising up to 113,636 subjects). We identified 13 new loci in or near RSPO3, VEGFA, TBX15-WARS2, NFE2L3, GRB14, DNM3-PIGC, ITPR2-SSPN, LY86, HOXC13, ADAMTS9, ZNRF3-KREMEN1, NISCH-STAB1 and CPEB4 (P = 1.9 × 10⁻⁹ to P = 1.8 × 10⁻⁴⁰) and the known signal at LYPLAL1. Seven of these loci exhibited marked sexual dimorphism, all with a stronger effect on WHR in women than men (P for sex difference = 1.9 × 10⁻³ to P = 1.2 × 10⁻¹³). These findings provide evidence for multiple loci that modulate body fat distribution independent of overall adiposity and reveal strong gene-by-sex interactions.
10aAdipose Tissue10aAge Factors10aChromosome Mapping10aFemale10aGenome, Human10aGenome-Wide Association Study10aHumans10aMale10aMeta-Analysis as Topic10aPolymorphism, Single Nucleotide10aSex Characteristics10aWaist-Hip Ratio1 aHeid, Iris, M1 aJackson, Anne, U1 aRandall, Joshua, C1 aWinkler, Thomas, W1 aQi, Lu1 aSteinthorsdottir, Valgerdur1 aThorleifsson, Gudmar1 aZillikens, Carola, M1 aSpeliotes, Elizabeth, K1 aMägi, Reedik1 aWorkalemahu, Tsegaselassie1 aWhite, Charles, C1 aBouatia-Naji, Nabila1 aHarris, Tamara, B1 aBerndt, Sonja, I1 aIngelsson, Erik1 aWiller, Cristen, J1 aWeedon, Michael, N1 aLuan, Jian'an1 aVedantam, Sailaja1 aEsko, Tõnu1 aKilpeläinen, Tuomas, O1 aKutalik, Zoltán1 aLi, Shengxu1 aMonda, Keri, L1 aDixon, Anna, L1 aHolmes, Christopher, C1 aKaplan, Lee, M1 aLiang, Liming1 aMin, Josine, L1 aMoffatt, Miriam, F1 aMolony, Cliona1 aNicholson, George1 aSchadt, Eric, E1 aZondervan, Krina, T1 aFeitosa, Mary, F1 aFerreira, Teresa1 aAllen, Hana, Lango1 aWeyant, Robert, J1 aWheeler, Eleanor1 aWood, Andrew, R1 aEstrada, Karol1 aGoddard, Michael, E1 aLettre, Guillaume1 aMangino, Massimo1 aNyholt, Dale, R1 aPurcell, Shaun1 aSmith, Albert, Vernon1 aVisscher, Peter, M1 aYang, Jian1 aMcCarroll, Steven, A1 aNemesh, James1 aVoight, Benjamin, F1 aAbsher, Devin1 aAmin, Najaf1 aAspelund, Thor1 aCoin, Lachlan1 aGlazer, Nicole, L1 aHayward, Caroline1 aHeard-Costa, Nancy, L1 aHottenga, Jouke-Jan1 aJohansson, Asa1 aJohnson, Toby1 aKaakinen, Marika1 aKapur, Karen1 aKetkar, Shamika1 aKnowles, Joshua, W1 aKraft, Peter1 aKraja, Aldi, T1 aLamina, Claudia1 aLeitzmann, Michael, F1 aMcKnight, Barbara1 aMorris, Andrew, P1 aOng, Ken, K1 aPerry, John, R B1 aPeters, Marjolein, J1 aPolasek, Ozren1 aProkopenko, Inga1 aRayner, Nigel, W1 aRipatti, Samuli1 aRivadeneira, Fernando1 aRobertson, Neil, R1 aSanna, Serena1 aSovio, Ulla1 aSurakka, Ida1 aTeumer, Alexander1 avan Wingerden, Sophie1 aVitart, Veronique1 aZhao, Jing Hua1 aCavalcanti-Proença, Christine1 aChines, Peter, S1 aFisher, Eva1 aKulzer, Jennifer, R1 aLecoeur, Cécile1 aNarisu, Narisu1 aSandholt, Camilla1 aScott, Laura, J1 aSilander, Kaisa1 aStark, Klaus1 aTammesoo, Mari-Liis1 aTeslovich, Tanya, M1 aTimpson, Nicholas, John1 aWatanabe, Richard, M1 aWelch, Ryan1 aChasman, Daniel, I1 aCooper, Matthew, N1 aJansson, John-Olov1 aKettunen, Johannes1 aLawrence, Robert, W1 aPellikka, Niina1 aPerola, Markus1 aVandenput, Liesbeth1 aAlavere, Helene1 aAlmgren, Peter1 aAtwood, Larry, D1 aBennett, Amanda, J1 aBiffar, Reiner1 aBonnycastle, Lori, L1 aBornstein, Stefan, R1 aBuchanan, Thomas, A1 aCampbell, Harry1 aDay, Ian, N M1 aDei, Mariano1 aDörr, Marcus1 aElliott, Paul1 aErdos, Michael, R1 aEriksson, Johan, G1 aFreimer, Nelson, B1 aFu, Mao1 aGaget, Stefan1 aGeus, Eco, J C1 aGjesing, Anette, P1 aGrallert, Harald1 aGrässler, Jürgen1 aGroves, Christopher, J1 aGuiducci, Candace1 aHartikainen, Anna-Liisa1 aHassanali, Neelam1 aHavulinna, Aki, S1 aHerzig, Karl-Heinz1 aHicks, Andrew, A1 aHui, Jennie1 aIgl, Wilmar1 aJousilahti, Pekka1 aJula, Antti1 aKajantie, Eero1 aKinnunen, Leena1 aKolcic, Ivana1 aKoskinen, Seppo1 aKovacs, Peter1 aKroemer, Heyo, K1 aKrzelj, Vjekoslav1 aKuusisto, Johanna1 aKvaloy, Kirsti1 aLaitinen, Jaana1 aLantieri, Olivier1 aLathrop, Mark, G1 aLokki, Marja-Liisa1 aLuben, Robert, N1 aLudwig, Barbara1 aMcArdle, Wendy, L1 aMcCarthy, Anne1 aMorken, Mario, A1 aNelis, Mari1 aNeville, Matt, J1 aParé, Guillaume1 aParker, Alex, N1 aPeden, John, F1 aPichler, Irene1 aPietiläinen, Kirsi, H1 aPlatou, Carl, G P1 aPouta, Anneli1 aRidderstråle, Martin1 aSamani, Nilesh, J1 aSaramies, Jouko1 aSinisalo, Juha1 aSmit, Jan, H1 aStrawbridge, Rona, J1 aStringham, Heather, M1 aSwift, Amy, J1 aTeder-Laving, Maris1 aThomson, Brian1 aUsala, Gianluca1 avan Meurs, Joyce, B J1 avan Ommen, Gert-Jan1 aVatin, Vincent1 aVolpato, Claudia, B1 aWallaschofski, Henri1 aWalters, Bragi, G1 aWiden, Elisabeth1 aWild, Sarah, H1 aWillemsen, Gonneke1 aWitte, Daniel, R1 aZgaga, Lina1 aZitting, Paavo1 aBeilby, John, P1 aJames, Alan, L1 aKähönen, Mika1 aLehtimäki, Terho1 aNieminen, Markku, S1 aOhlsson, Claes1 aPalmer, Lyle, J1 aRaitakari, Olli1 aRidker, Paul, M1 aStumvoll, Michael1 aTönjes, Anke1 aViikari, Jorma1 aBalkau, Beverley1 aBen-Shlomo, Yoav1 aBergman, Richard, N1 aBoeing, Heiner1 aSmith, George Davey1 aEbrahim, Shah1 aFroguel, Philippe1 aHansen, Torben1 aHengstenberg, Christian1 aHveem, Kristian1 aIsomaa, Bo1 aJørgensen, Torben1 aKarpe, Fredrik1 aKhaw, Kay-Tee1 aLaakso, Markku1 aLawlor, Debbie, A1 aMarre, Michel1 aMeitinger, Thomas1 aMetspalu, Andres1 aMidthjell, Kristian1 aPedersen, Oluf1 aSalomaa, Veikko1 aSchwarz, Peter, E H1 aTuomi, Tiinamaija1 aTuomilehto, Jaakko1 aValle, Timo, T1 aWareham, Nicholas, J1 aArnold, Alice, M1 aBeckmann, Jacques, S1 aBergmann, Sven1 aBoerwinkle, Eric1 aBoomsma, Dorret, I1 aCaulfield, Mark, J1 aCollins, Francis, S1 aEiriksdottir, Gudny1 aGudnason, Vilmundur1 aGyllensten, Ulf1 aHamsten, Anders1 aHattersley, Andrew, T1 aHofman, Albert1 aHu, Frank, B1 aIllig, Thomas1 aIribarren, Carlos1 aJarvelin, Marjo-Riitta1 aKao, Linda, W H1 aKaprio, Jaakko1 aLauner, Lenore, J1 aMunroe, Patricia, B1 aOostra, Ben1 aPenninx, Brenda, W1 aPramstaller, Peter, P1 aPsaty, Bruce, M1 aQuertermous, Thomas1 aRissanen, Aila1 aRudan, Igor1 aShuldiner, Alan, R1 aSoranzo, Nicole1 aSpector, Timothy, D1 aSyvänen, Ann-Christine1 aUda, Manuela1 aUitterlinden, Andre1 aVölzke, Henry1 aVollenweider, Peter1 aWilson, James, F1 aWitteman, Jacqueline, C1 aWright, Alan, F1 aAbecasis, Goncalo, R1 aBoehnke, Michael1 aBorecki, Ingrid, B1 aDeloukas, Panos1 aFrayling, Timothy, M1 aGroop, Leif, C1 aHaritunians, Talin1 aHunter, David, J1 aKaplan, Robert, C1 aNorth, Kari, E1 aO'Connell, Jeffrey, R1 aPeltonen, Leena1 aSchlessinger, David1 aStrachan, David, P1 aHirschhorn, Joel, N1 aAssimes, Themistocles, L1 aWichmann, H-Erich1 aThorsteinsdottir, Unnur1 aDuijn, Cornelia, M1 aStefansson, Kari1 aCupples, Adrienne, L1 aLoos, Ruth, J F1 aBarroso, Inês1 aMcCarthy, Mark, I1 aFox, Caroline, S1 aMohlke, Karen, L1 aLindgren, Cecilia, M1 aMAGIC uhttps://chs-nhlbi.org/node/123608212nas a2202197 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2014 eng d a1756-183300aAssociation between alcohol and cardiovascular disease: Mendelian randomisation analysis based on individual participant data.0 aAssociation between alcohol and cardiovascular disease Mendelian c2014 Jul 10 ag41640 v3493 aOBJECTIVE: To use the rs1229984 variant in the alcohol dehydrogenase 1B gene (ADH1B) as an instrument to investigate the causal role of alcohol in cardiovascular disease.
DESIGN: Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis of 56 epidemiological studies.
PARTICIPANTS: 261 991 individuals of European descent, including 20 259 coronary heart disease cases and 10 164 stroke events. Data were available on ADH1B rs1229984 variant, alcohol phenotypes, and cardiovascular biomarkers.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Odds ratio for coronary heart disease and stroke associated with the ADH1B variant in all individuals and by categories of alcohol consumption.
RESULTS: Carriers of the A-allele of ADH1B rs1229984 consumed 17.2% fewer units of alcohol per week (95% confidence interval 15.6% to 18.9%), had a lower prevalence of binge drinking (odds ratio 0.78 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.84)), and had higher abstention (odds ratio 1.27 (1.21 to 1.34)) than non-carriers. Rs1229984 A-allele carriers had lower systolic blood pressure (-0.88 (-1.19 to -0.56) mm Hg), interleukin-6 levels (-5.2% (-7.8 to -2.4%)), waist circumference (-0.3 (-0.6 to -0.1) cm), and body mass index (-0.17 (-0.24 to -0.10) kg/m(2)). Rs1229984 A-allele carriers had lower odds of coronary heart disease (odds ratio 0.90 (0.84 to 0.96)). The protective association of the ADH1B rs1229984 A-allele variant remained the same across all categories of alcohol consumption (P=0.83 for heterogeneity). Although no association of rs1229984 was identified with the combined subtypes of stroke, carriers of the A-allele had lower odds of ischaemic stroke (odds ratio 0.83 (0.72 to 0.95)).
CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with a genetic variant associated with non-drinking and lower alcohol consumption had a more favourable cardiovascular profile and a reduced risk of coronary heart disease than those without the genetic variant. This suggests that reduction of alcohol consumption, even for light to moderate drinkers, is beneficial for cardiovascular health.
10aAdult10aAged10aAlcohol Dehydrogenase10aAlcohol Drinking10aBiomarkers10aCoronary Disease10aFemale10aGenetic Markers10aGenotype10aHumans10aMale10aMendelian Randomization Analysis10aMiddle Aged10aModels, Statistical10aPolymorphism, Single Nucleotide10aStroke1 aHolmes, Michael, V1 aDale, Caroline, E1 aZuccolo, Luisa1 aSilverwood, Richard, J1 aGuo, Yiran1 aYe, Zheng1 aPrieto-Merino, David1 aDehghan, Abbas1 aTrompet, Stella1 aWong, Andrew1 aCavadino, Alana1 aDrogan, Dagmar1 aPadmanabhan, Sandosh1 aLi, Shanshan1 aYesupriya, Ajay1 aLeusink, Maarten1 aSundström, Johan1 aHubacek, Jaroslav, A1 aPikhart, Hynek1 aSwerdlow, Daniel, I1 aPanayiotou, Andrie, G1 aBorinskaya, Svetlana, A1 aFinan, Chris1 aShah, Sonia1 aKuchenbaecker, Karoline, B1 aShah, Tina1 aEngmann, Jorgen1 aFolkersen, Lasse1 aEriksson, Per1 aRicceri, Fulvio1 aMelander, Olle1 aSacerdote, Carlotta1 aGamble, Dale, M1 aRayaprolu, Sruti1 aRoss, Owen, A1 aMcLachlan, Stela1 aVikhireva, Olga1 aSluijs, Ivonne1 aScott, Robert, A1 aAdamkova, Vera1 aFlicker, Leon1 avan Bockxmeer, Frank, M1 aPower, Christine1 aMarques-Vidal, Pedro1 aMeade, Tom1 aMarmot, Michael, G1 aFerro, Jose, M1 aPaulos-Pinheiro, Sofia1 aHumphries, Steve, E1 aTalmud, Philippa, J1 aLeach, Irene, Mateo1 aVerweij, Niek1 aLinneberg, Allan1 aSkaaby, Tea1 aDoevendans, Pieter, A1 aCramer, Maarten, J1 aHarst, Pim1 aKlungel, Olaf, H1 aDowling, Nicole, F1 aDominiczak, Anna, F1 aKumari, Meena1 aNicolaides, Andrew, N1 aWeikert, Cornelia1 aBoeing, Heiner1 aEbrahim, Shah1 aGaunt, Tom, R1 aPrice, Jackie, F1 aLannfelt, Lars1 aPeasey, Anne1 aKubinova, Ruzena1 aPajak, Andrzej1 aMalyutina, Sofia1 aVoevoda, Mikhail, I1 aTamosiunas, Abdonas1 avan der Zee, Anke, H Maitland1 aNorman, Paul, E1 aHankey, Graeme, J1 aBergmann, Manuela, M1 aHofman, Albert1 aFranco, Oscar, H1 aCooper, Jackie1 aPalmen, Jutta1 aSpiering, Wilko1 ade Jong, Pim, A1 aKuh, Diana1 aHardy, Rebecca1 aUitterlinden, André, G1 aIkram, Arfan, M1 aFord, Ian1 aHyppönen, Elina1 aAlmeida, Osvaldo, P1 aWareham, Nicholas, J1 aKhaw, Kay-Tee1 aHamsten, Anders1 aHusemoen, Lise, Lotte N1 aTjønneland, Anne1 aTolstrup, Janne, S1 aRimm, Eric1 aBeulens, Joline, W J1 aVerschuren, W, M Monique1 aOnland-Moret, Charlotte, N1 aHofker, Marten, H1 aWannamethee, Goya1 aWhincup, Peter, H1 aMorris, Richard1 aVicente, Astrid, M1 aWatkins, Hugh1 aFarrall, Martin1 aJukema, Wouter1 aMeschia, James1 aCupples, Adrienne, L1 aSharp, Stephen, J1 aFornage, Myriam1 aKooperberg, Charles1 aLaCroix, Andrea, Z1 aDai, James, Y1 aLanktree, Matthew, B1 aSiscovick, David, S1 aJorgenson, Eric1 aSpring, Bonnie1 aCoresh, Josef1 aLi, Yun, R1 aBuxbaum, Sarah, G1 aSchreiner, Pamela, J1 aEllison, Curtis1 aTsai, Michael, Y1 aPatel, Sanjay, R1 aRedline, Susan1 aJohnson, Andrew, D1 aHoogeveen, Ron, C1 aHakonarson, Hakon1 aRotter, Jerome, I1 aBoerwinkle, Eric1 ade Bakker, Paul, I W1 aKivimaki, Mika1 aAsselbergs, Folkert, W1 aSattar, Naveed1 aLawlor, Debbie, A1 aWhittaker, John1 aSmith, George, Davey1 aMukamal, Kenneth1 aPsaty, Bruce, M1 aWilson, James, G1 aLange, Leslie, A1 aHamidovic, Ajna1 aHingorani, Aroon, D1 aNordestgaard, Børge, G1 aBobak, Martin1 aLeon, David, A1 aLangenberg, Claudia1 aPalmer, Tom, M1 aReiner, Alex, P1 aKeating, Brendan, J1 aDudbridge, Frank1 aCasas, Juan, P1 aInterAct Consortium uhttps://chs-nhlbi.org/node/656909013nas a2202797 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2015 eng d a2041-172300aLow-frequency and rare exome chip variants associate with fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes susceptibility.0 aLowfrequency and rare exome chip variants associate with fasting c2015 a58970 v63 aFasting glucose and insulin are intermediate traits for type 2 diabetes. Here we explore the role of coding variation on these traits by analysis of variants on the HumanExome BeadChip in 60,564 non-diabetic individuals and in 16,491 T2D cases and 81,877 controls. We identify a novel association of a low-frequency nonsynonymous SNV in GLP1R (A316T; rs10305492; MAF=1.4%) with lower FG (β=-0.09±0.01 mmol l(-1), P=3.4 × 10(-12)), T2D risk (OR[95%CI]=0.86[0.76-0.96], P=0.010), early insulin secretion (β=-0.07±0.035 pmolinsulin mmolglucose(-1), P=0.048), but higher 2-h glucose (β=0.16±0.05 mmol l(-1), P=4.3 × 10(-4)). We identify a gene-based association with FG at G6PC2 (pSKAT=6.8 × 10(-6)) driven by four rare protein-coding SNVs (H177Y, Y207S, R283X and S324P). We identify rs651007 (MAF=20%) in the first intron of ABO at the putative promoter of an antisense lncRNA, associating with higher FG (β=0.02±0.004 mmol l(-1), P=1.3 × 10(-8)). Our approach identifies novel coding variant associations and extends the allelic spectrum of variation underlying diabetes-related quantitative traits and T2D susceptibility.
10aAfrican Continental Ancestry Group10aBlood Glucose10aDiabetes Mellitus, Type 210aEuropean Continental Ancestry Group10aExome10aFasting10aGenetic Association Studies10aGenetic Loci10aGenetic Predisposition to Disease10aGenetic Variation10aGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor10aGlucose-6-Phosphatase10aHumans10aInsulin10aMutation Rate10aOligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis10aPolymorphism, Single Nucleotide1 aWessel, Jennifer1 aChu, Audrey, Y1 aWillems, Sara, M1 aWang, Shuai1 aYaghootkar, Hanieh1 aBrody, Jennifer, A1 aDauriz, Marco1 aHivert, Marie-France1 aRaghavan, Sridharan1 aLipovich, Leonard1 aHidalgo, Bertha1 aFox, Keolu1 aHuffman, Jennifer, E1 aAn, Ping1 aLu, Yingchang1 aRasmussen-Torvik, Laura, J1 aGrarup, Niels1 aEhm, Margaret, G1 aLi, Li1 aBaldridge, Abigail, S1 aStančáková, Alena1 aAbrol, Ravinder1 aBesse, Céline1 aBoland, Anne1 aBork-Jensen, Jette1 aFornage, Myriam1 aFreitag, Daniel, F1 aGarcia, Melissa, E1 aGuo, Xiuqing1 aHara, Kazuo1 aIsaacs, Aaron1 aJakobsdottir, Johanna1 aLange, Leslie, A1 aLayton, Jill, C1 aLi, Man1 aZhao, Jing, Hua1 aMeidtner, Karina1 aMorrison, Alanna, C1 aNalls, Mike, A1 aPeters, Marjolein, J1 aSabater-Lleal, Maria1 aSchurmann, Claudia1 aSilveira, Angela1 aSmith, Albert, V1 aSoutham, Lorraine1 aStoiber, Marcus, H1 aStrawbridge, Rona, J1 aTaylor, Kent, D1 aVarga, Tibor, V1 aAllin, Kristine, H1 aAmin, Najaf1 aAponte, Jennifer, L1 aAung, Tin1 aBarbieri, Caterina1 aBihlmeyer, Nathan, A1 aBoehnke, Michael1 aBombieri, Cristina1 aBowden, Donald, W1 aBurns, Sean, M1 aChen, Yuning1 aChen, Yii-DerI1 aCheng, Ching-Yu1 aCorrea, Adolfo1 aCzajkowski, Jacek1 aDehghan, Abbas1 aEhret, Georg, B1 aEiriksdottir, Gudny1 aEscher, Stefan, A1 aFarmaki, Aliki-Eleni1 aFrånberg, Mattias1 aGambaro, Giovanni1 aGiulianini, Franco1 aGoddard, William, A1 aGoel, Anuj1 aGottesman, Omri1 aGrove, Megan, L1 aGustafsson, Stefan1 aHai, Yang1 aHallmans, Göran1 aHeo, Jiyoung1 aHoffmann, Per1 aIkram, Mohammad, K1 aJensen, Richard, A1 aJørgensen, Marit, E1 aJørgensen, Torben1 aKaraleftheri, Maria1 aKhor, Chiea, C1 aKirkpatrick, Andrea1 aKraja, Aldi, T1 aKuusisto, Johanna1 aLange, Ethan, M1 aLee, I, T1 aLee, Wen-Jane1 aLeong, Aaron1 aLiao, Jiemin1 aLiu, Chunyu1 aLiu, Yongmei1 aLindgren, Cecilia, M1 aLinneberg, Allan1 aMalerba, Giovanni1 aMamakou, Vasiliki1 aMarouli, Eirini1 aMaruthur, Nisa, M1 aMatchan, Angela1 aMcKean-Cowdin, Roberta1 aMcLeod, Olga1 aMetcalf, Ginger, A1 aMohlke, Karen, L1 aMuzny, Donna, M1 aNtalla, Ioanna1 aPalmer, Nicholette, D1 aPasko, Dorota1 aPeter, Andreas1 aRayner, Nigel, W1 aRenstrom, Frida1 aRice, Ken1 aSala, Cinzia, F1 aSennblad, Bengt1 aSerafetinidis, Ioannis1 aSmith, Jennifer, A1 aSoranzo, Nicole1 aSpeliotes, Elizabeth, K1 aStahl, Eli, A1 aStirrups, Kathleen1 aTentolouris, Nikos1 aThanopoulou, Anastasia1 aTorres, Mina1 aTraglia, Michela1 aTsafantakis, Emmanouil1 aJavad, Sundas1 aYanek, Lisa, R1 aZengini, Eleni1 aBecker, Diane, M1 aBis, Joshua, C1 aBrown, James, B1 aCupples, Adrienne, L1 aHansen, Torben1 aIngelsson, Erik1 aKarter, Andrew, J1 aLorenzo, Carlos1 aMathias, Rasika, A1 aNorris, Jill, M1 aPeloso, Gina, M1 aSheu, Wayne, H-H1 aToniolo, Daniela1 aVaidya, Dhananjay1 aVarma, Rohit1 aWagenknecht, Lynne, E1 aBoeing, Heiner1 aBottinger, Erwin, P1 aDedoussis, George1 aDeloukas, Panos1 aFerrannini, Ele1 aFranco, Oscar, H1 aFranks, Paul, W1 aGibbs, Richard, A1 aGudnason, Vilmundur1 aHamsten, Anders1 aHarris, Tamara, B1 aHattersley, Andrew, T1 aHayward, Caroline1 aHofman, Albert1 aJansson, Jan-Håkan1 aLangenberg, Claudia1 aLauner, Lenore, J1 aLevy, Daniel1 aOostra, Ben, A1 aO'Donnell, Christopher, J1 aO'Rahilly, Stephen1 aPadmanabhan, Sandosh1 aPankow, James, S1 aPolasek, Ozren1 aProvince, Michael, A1 aRich, Stephen, S1 aRidker, Paul, M1 aRudan, Igor1 aSchulze, Matthias, B1 aSmith, Blair, H1 aUitterlinden, André, G1 aWalker, Mark1 aWatkins, Hugh1 aWong, Tien, Y1 aZeggini, Eleftheria1 aLaakso, Markku1 aBorecki, Ingrid, B1 aChasman, Daniel, I1 aPedersen, Oluf1 aPsaty, Bruce, M1 aTai, Shyong, E1 aDuijn, Cornelia, M1 aWareham, Nicholas, J1 aWaterworth, Dawn, M1 aBoerwinkle, Eric1 aKao, Linda, W H1 aFlorez, Jose, C1 aLoos, Ruth, J F1 aWilson, James, G1 aFrayling, Timothy, M1 aSiscovick, David, S1 aDupuis, Josée1 aRotter, Jerome, I1 aMeigs, James, B1 aScott, Robert, A1 aGoodarzi, Mark, O1 aEPIC-InterAct Consortium uhttps://chs-nhlbi.org/node/668602913nas a2200397 4500008004100000022001400041245007200055210006900127260001300196300001100209490000700220520179900227100001602026700001902042700001302061700001702074700002302091700002102114700002502135700002102160700001902181700002102200700002102221700002102242700001302263700002502276700002502301700002302326700002502349700002202374700002202396700002202418700002002440700001902460856003602479 2016 eng d a1098-227200aGeneral Framework for Meta-Analysis of Haplotype Association Tests.0 aGeneral Framework for MetaAnalysis of Haplotype Association Test c2016 Apr a244-520 v403 aFor complex traits, most associated single nucleotide variants (SNV) discovered to date have a small effect, and detection of association is only possible with large sample sizes. Because of patient confidentiality concerns, it is often not possible to pool genetic data from multiple cohorts, and meta-analysis has emerged as the method of choice to combine results from multiple studies. Many meta-analysis methods are available for single SNV analyses. As new approaches allow the capture of low frequency and rare genetic variation, it is of interest to jointly consider multiple variants to improve power. However, for the analysis of haplotypes formed by multiple SNVs, meta-analysis remains a challenge, because different haplotypes may be observed across studies. We propose a two-stage meta-analysis approach to combine haplotype analysis results. In the first stage, each cohort estimate haplotype effect sizes in a regression framework, accounting for relatedness among observations if appropriate. For the second stage, we use a multivariate generalized least square meta-analysis approach to combine haplotype effect estimates from multiple cohorts. Haplotype-specific association tests and a global test of independence between haplotypes and traits are obtained within our framework. We demonstrate through simulation studies that we control the type-I error rate, and our approach is more powerful than inverse variance weighted meta-analysis of single SNV analysis when haplotype effects are present. We replicate a published haplotype association between fasting glucose-associated locus (G6PC2) and fasting glucose in seven studies from the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology Consortium and we provide more precise haplotype effect estimates.
1 aWang, Shuai1 aZhao, Jing Hua1 aAn, Ping1 aGuo, Xiuqing1 aJensen, Richard, A1 aMarten, Jonathan1 aHuffman, Jennifer, E1 aMeidtner, Karina1 aBoeing, Heiner1 aCampbell, Archie1 aRice, Kenneth, M1 aScott, Robert, A1 aYao, Jie1 aSchulze, Matthias, B1 aWareham, Nicholas, J1 aBorecki, Ingrid, B1 aProvince, Michael, A1 aRotter, Jerome, I1 aHayward, Caroline1 aGoodarzi, Mark, O1 aMeigs, James, B1 aDupuis, Josée uhttps://chs-nhlbi.org/node/713609584nas a2203049 4500008004100000022001400041245011700055210006900172260001300241300001200254490000700266520112500273100002001398700002101418700002101439700001401460700002301474700001901497700001301516700002401529700001901553700002001572700001701592700001801609700001201627700002301639700001201662700001801674700002001692700001801712700001901730700002301749700002001772700001801792700003601810700002001846700002001866700002001886700002301906700003001929700002101959700002001980700002002000700002102020700001202041700002602053700001302079700002002092700002302112700002202135700001902157700002702176700003202203700002102235700002102256700002002277700002402297700002102321700002502342700002102367700002002388700002002408700002402428700002102452700001602473700001802489700001902507700001902526700001602545700001702561700002202578700002302600700002302623700002102646700002302667700001902690700002202709700002202731700001902753700002402772700002402796700002102820700002002841700002202861700002602883700002002909700002502929700002202954700001402976700001502990700002603005700002503031700001503056700002003071700002503091700002303116700002903139700001703168700001903185700002503204700001803229700002203247700002403269700001803293700002103311700001803332700002003350700001703370700001903387700002103406700001803427700001303445700001503458700001803473700002203491700002703513700002103540700001803561700002103579700001903600700002403619700002303643700001803666700002103684700001503705700002103720700002603741700002203767700002103789700002503810700002303835700002003858700002403878700002103902700002503923700001803948700001803966700001803984700002104002700002004023700001904043700001304062700001604075700001704091700002204108700001904130700002104149700002404170700001904194700002404213700002204237700001904259700002004278700002304298700002004321700002004341700002304361700002404384700002204408700002304430700002404453700002204477700002204499700001504521700002204536700002404558700002204582700002504604700002104629700002204650700001904672700002104691700001804712700002204730700002204752700002304774700002504797700002304822700001904845700002004864700002504884700001804909700002004927700002604947700002404973700002504997700002005022700002105042700001605063700002005079700002405099700002805123700001705151700002305168700002205191700002505213700002905238700002305267700001705290700002005307700001905327700002105346700002005367700002205387700002105409700001605430700001805446700001905464700002605483700002205509700002005531700002405551700001905575700002605594700001905620700002005639700001905659700001205678700001505690700001705705700002005722700002305742700002105765700002605786700002805812700002305840700002105863700001905884700002005903700002105923700001905944700002505963700002005988700002406008700002106032700002206053700002806075700002206103700002306125700002506148700002106173700002406194700002106218700001906239700002506258700002206283700002006305700002106325700002106346700002206367700002206389700002206411710002306433710002106456710002106477856003606498 2018 eng d a1546-171800aRefining the accuracy of validated target identification through coding variant fine-mapping in type 2 diabetes.0 aRefining the accuracy of validated target identification through c2018 Apr a559-5710 v503 aWe aggregated coding variant data for 81,412 type 2 diabetes cases and 370,832 controls of diverse ancestry, identifying 40 coding variant association signals (P < 2.2 × 10); of these, 16 map outside known risk-associated loci. We make two important observations. First, only five of these signals are driven by low-frequency variants: even for these, effect sizes are modest (odds ratio ≤1.29). Second, when we used large-scale genome-wide association data to fine-map the associated variants in their regional context, accounting for the global enrichment of complex trait associations in coding sequence, compelling evidence for coding variant causality was obtained for only 16 signals. At 13 others, the associated coding variants clearly represent 'false leads' with potential to generate erroneous mechanistic inference. Coding variant associations offer a direct route to biological insight for complex diseases and identification of validated therapeutic targets; however, appropriate mechanistic inference requires careful specification of their causal contribution to disease predisposition.
1 aMahajan, Anubha1 aWessel, Jennifer1 aWillems, Sara, M1 aZhao, Wei1 aRobertson, Neil, R1 aChu, Audrey, Y1 aGan, Wei1 aKitajima, Hidetoshi1 aTaliun, Daniel1 aRayner, William1 aGuo, Xiuqing1 aLu, Yingchang1 aLi, Man1 aJensen, Richard, A1 aHu, Yao1 aHuo, Shaofeng1 aLohman, Kurt, K1 aZhang, Weihua1 aCook, James, P1 aPrins, Bram, Peter1 aFlannick, Jason1 aGrarup, Niels1 aTrubetskoy, Vassily, Vladimirov1 aKravic, Jasmina1 aKim, Young, Jin1 aRybin, Denis, V1 aYaghootkar, Hanieh1 aMüller-Nurasyid, Martina1 aMeidtner, Karina1 aLi-Gao, Ruifang1 aVarga, Tibor, V1 aMarten, Jonathan1 aLi, Jin1 aSmith, Albert, Vernon1 aAn, Ping1 aLigthart, Symen1 aGustafsson, Stefan1 aMalerba, Giovanni1 aDemirkan, Ayse1 aTajes, Juan, Fernandez1 aSteinthorsdottir, Valgerdur1 aWuttke, Matthias1 aLecoeur, Cécile1 aPreuss, Michael1 aBielak, Lawrence, F1 aGraff, Marielisa1 aHighland, Heather, M1 aJustice, Anne, E1 aLiu, Dajiang, J1 aMarouli, Eirini1 aPeloso, Gina, Marie1 aWarren, Helen, R1 aAfaq, Saima1 aAfzal, Shoaib1 aAhlqvist, Emma1 aAlmgren, Peter1 aAmin, Najaf1 aBang, Lia, B1 aBertoni, Alain, G1 aBombieri, Cristina1 aBork-Jensen, Jette1 aBrandslund, Ivan1 aBrody, Jennifer, A1 aBurtt, Noel, P1 aCanouil, Mickaël1 aChen, Yii-Der Ida1 aCho, Yoon Shin1 aChristensen, Cramer1 aEastwood, Sophie, V1 aEckardt, Kai-Uwe1 aFischer, Krista1 aGambaro, Giovanni1 aGiedraitis, Vilmantas1 aGrove, Megan, L1 ade Haan, Hugoline, G1 aHackinger, Sophie1 aHai, Yang1 aHan, Sohee1 aTybjærg-Hansen, Anne1 aHivert, Marie-France1 aIsomaa, Bo1 aJäger, Susanne1 aJørgensen, Marit, E1 aJørgensen, Torben1 aKäräjämäki, AnneMari1 aKim, Bong-Jo1 aKim, Sung, Soo1 aKoistinen, Heikki, A1 aKovacs, Peter1 aKriebel, Jennifer1 aKronenberg, Florian1 aLäll, Kristi1 aLange, Leslie, A1 aLee, Jung-Jin1 aLehne, Benjamin1 aLi, Huaixing1 aLin, Keng-Hung1 aLinneberg, Allan1 aLiu, Ching-Ti1 aLiu, Jun1 aLoh, Marie1 aMägi, Reedik1 aMamakou, Vasiliki1 aMcKean-Cowdin, Roberta1 aNadkarni, Girish1 aNeville, Matt1 aNielsen, Sune, F1 aNtalla, Ioanna1 aPeyser, Patricia, A1 aRathmann, Wolfgang1 aRice, Kenneth1 aRich, Stephen, S1 aRode, Line1 aRolandsson, Olov1 aSchönherr, Sebastian1 aSelvin, Elizabeth1 aSmall, Kerrin, S1 aStančáková, Alena1 aSurendran, Praveen1 aTaylor, Kent, D1 aTeslovich, Tanya, M1 aThorand, Barbara1 aThorleifsson, Gudmar1 aTin, Adrienne1 aTönjes, Anke1 aVarbo, Anette1 aWitte, Daniel, R1 aWood, Andrew, R1 aYajnik, Pranav1 aYao, Jie1 aYengo, Loic1 aYoung, Robin1 aAmouyel, Philippe1 aBoeing, Heiner1 aBoerwinkle, Eric1 aBottinger, Erwin, P1 aChowdhury, Raj1 aCollins, Francis, S1 aDedoussis, George1 aDehghan, Abbas1 aDeloukas, Panos1 aFerrario, Marco, M1 aFerrieres, Jean1 aFlorez, Jose, C1 aFrossard, Philippe1 aGudnason, Vilmundur1 aHarris, Tamara, B1 aHeckbert, Susan, R1 aHowson, Joanna, M M1 aIngelsson, Martin1 aKathiresan, Sekar1 aKee, Frank1 aKuusisto, Johanna1 aLangenberg, Claudia1 aLauner, Lenore, J1 aLindgren, Cecilia, M1 aMännistö, Satu1 aMeitinger, Thomas1 aMelander, Olle1 aMohlke, Karen, L1 aMoitry, Marie1 aMorris, Andrew, D1 aMurray, Alison, D1 ade Mutsert, Renée1 aOrho-Melander, Marju1 aOwen, Katharine, R1 aPerola, Markus1 aPeters, Annette1 aProvince, Michael, A1 aRasheed, Asif1 aRidker, Paul, M1 aRivadineira, Fernando1 aRosendaal, Frits, R1 aRosengren, Anders, H1 aSalomaa, Veikko1 aSheu, Wayne, H-H1 aSladek, Rob1 aSmith, Blair, H1 aStrauch, Konstantin1 aUitterlinden, André, G1 aVarma, Rohit1 aWiller, Cristen, J1 aBlüher, Matthias1 aButterworth, Adam, S1 aChambers, John, Campbell1 aChasman, Daniel, I1 aDanesh, John1 aDuijn, Cornelia1 aDupuis, Josée1 aFranco, Oscar, H1 aFranks, Paul, W1 aFroguel, Philippe1 aGrallert, Harald1 aGroop, Leif1 aHan, Bok-Ghee1 aHansen, Torben1 aHattersley, Andrew, T1 aHayward, Caroline1 aIngelsson, Erik1 aKardia, Sharon, L R1 aKarpe, Fredrik1 aKooner, Jaspal, Singh1 aKöttgen, Anna1 aKuulasmaa, Kari1 aLaakso, Markku1 aLin, Xu1 aLind, Lars1 aLiu, Yongmei1 aLoos, Ruth, J F1 aMarchini, Jonathan1 aMetspalu, Andres1 aMook-Kanamori, Dennis1 aNordestgaard, Børge, G1 aPalmer, Colin, N A1 aPankow, James, S1 aPedersen, Oluf1 aPsaty, Bruce, M1 aRauramaa, Rainer1 aSattar, Naveed1 aSchulze, Matthias, B1 aSoranzo, Nicole1 aSpector, Timothy, D1 aStefansson, Kari1 aStumvoll, Michael1 aThorsteinsdottir, Unnur1 aTuomi, Tiinamaija1 aTuomilehto, Jaakko1 aWareham, Nicholas, J1 aWilson, James, G1 aZeggini, Eleftheria1 aScott, Robert, A1 aBarroso, Inês1 aFrayling, Timothy, M1 aGoodarzi, Mark, O1 aMeigs, James, B1 aBoehnke, Michael1 aSaleheen, Danish1 aMorris, Andrew, P1 aRotter, Jerome, I1 aMcCarthy, Mark, I1 aExomeBP Consortium1 aMAGIC Consortium1 aGIANT Consortium uhttps://chs-nhlbi.org/node/766808059nas a2201585 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2018 eng d a1474-547X00aRisk thresholds for alcohol consumption: combined analysis of individual-participant data for 599 912 current drinkers in 83 prospective studies.0 aRisk thresholds for alcohol consumption combined analysis of ind c2018 04 14 a1513-15230 v3913 aBACKGROUND: Low-risk limits recommended for alcohol consumption vary substantially across different national guidelines. To define thresholds associated with lowest risk for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease, we studied individual-participant data from 599 912 current drinkers without previous cardiovascular disease.
METHODS: We did a combined analysis of individual-participant data from three large-scale data sources in 19 high-income countries (the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration, EPIC-CVD, and the UK Biobank). We characterised dose-response associations and calculated hazard ratios (HRs) per 100 g per week of alcohol (12·5 units per week) across 83 prospective studies, adjusting at least for study or centre, age, sex, smoking, and diabetes. To be eligible for the analysis, participants had to have information recorded about their alcohol consumption amount and status (ie, non-drinker vs current drinker), plus age, sex, history of diabetes and smoking status, at least 1 year of follow-up after baseline, and no baseline history of cardiovascular disease. The main analyses focused on current drinkers, whose baseline alcohol consumption was categorised into eight predefined groups according to the amount in grams consumed per week. We assessed alcohol consumption in relation to all-cause mortality, total cardiovascular disease, and several cardiovascular disease subtypes. We corrected HRs for estimated long-term variability in alcohol consumption using 152 640 serial alcohol assessments obtained some years apart (median interval 5·6 years [5th-95th percentile 1·04-13·5]) from 71 011 participants from 37 studies.
FINDINGS: In the 599 912 current drinkers included in the analysis, we recorded 40 310 deaths and 39 018 incident cardiovascular disease events during 5·4 million person-years of follow-up. For all-cause mortality, we recorded a positive and curvilinear association with the level of alcohol consumption, with the minimum mortality risk around or below 100 g per week. Alcohol consumption was roughly linearly associated with a higher risk of stroke (HR per 100 g per week higher consumption 1·14, 95% CI, 1·10-1·17), coronary disease excluding myocardial infarction (1·06, 1·00-1·11), heart failure (1·09, 1·03-1·15), fatal hypertensive disease (1·24, 1·15-1·33); and fatal aortic aneurysm (1·15, 1·03-1·28). By contrast, increased alcohol consumption was log-linearly associated with a lower risk of myocardial infarction (HR 0·94, 0·91-0·97). In comparison to those who reported drinking >0-≤100 g per week, those who reported drinking >100-≤200 g per week, >200-≤350 g per week, or >350 g per week had lower life expectancy at age 40 years of approximately 6 months, 1-2 years, or 4-5 years, respectively.
INTERPRETATION: In current drinkers of alcohol in high-income countries, the threshold for lowest risk of all-cause mortality was about 100 g/week. For cardiovascular disease subtypes other than myocardial infarction, there were no clear risk thresholds below which lower alcohol consumption stopped being associated with lower disease risk. These data support limits for alcohol consumption that are lower than those recommended in most current guidelines.
FUNDING: UK Medical Research Council, British Heart Foundation, National Institute for Health Research, European Union Framework 7, and European Research Council.
1 aWood, Angela, M1 aKaptoge, Stephen1 aButterworth, Adam, S1 aWilleit, Peter1 aWarnakula, Samantha1 aBolton, Thomas1 aPaige, Ellie1 aPaul, Dirk, S1 aSweeting, Michael1 aBurgess, Stephen1 aBell, Steven1 aAstle, William1 aStevens, David1 aKoulman, Albert1 aSelmer, Randi, M1 aVerschuren, W, M Monique1 aSato, Shinichi1 aNjølstad, Inger1 aWoodward, Mark1 aSalomaa, Veikko1 aNordestgaard, Børge, G1 aYeap, Bu, B1 aFletcher, Astrid1 aMelander, Olle1 aKuller, Lewis, H1 aBalkau, Beverley1 aMarmot, Michael1 aKoenig, Wolfgang1 aCasiglia, Edoardo1 aCooper, Cyrus1 aArndt, Volker1 aFranco, Oscar, H1 aWennberg, Patrik1 aGallacher, John1 ade la Cámara, Agustin, Gómez1 aVölzke, Henry1 aDahm, Christina, C1 aDale, Caroline, E1 aBergmann, Manuela, M1 aCrespo, Carlos, J1 aSchouw, Yvonne, T1 aKaaks, Rudolf1 aSimons, Leon, A1 aLagiou, Pagona1 aSchoufour, Josje, D1 aBoer, Jolanda, M A1 aKey, Timothy, J1 aRodriguez, Beatriz1 aMoreno-Iribas, Conchi1 aDavidson, Karina, W1 aTaylor, James, O1 aSacerdote, Carlotta1 aWallace, Robert, B1 aQuiros, Ramon1 aTumino, Rosario1 aBlazer, Dan, G1 aLinneberg, Allan1 aDaimon, Makoto1 aPanico, Salvatore1 aHoward, Barbara1 aSkeie, Guri1 aStrandberg, Timo1 aWeiderpass, Elisabete1 aNietert, Paul, J1 aPsaty, Bruce, M1 aKromhout, Daan1 aSalamanca-Fernandez, Elena1 aKiechl, Stefan1 aKrumholz, Harlan, M1 aGrioni, Sara1 aPalli, Domenico1 aHuerta, José, M1 aPrice, Jackie1 aSundström, Johan1 aArriola, Larraitz1 aArima, Hisatomi1 aTravis, Ruth, C1 aPanagiotakos, Demosthenes, B1 aKarakatsani, Anna1 aTrichopoulou, Antonia1 aKühn, Tilman1 aGrobbee, Diederick, E1 aBarrett-Connor, Elizabeth1 avan Schoor, Natasja1 aBoeing, Heiner1 aOvervad, Kim1 aKauhanen, Jussi1 aWareham, Nick1 aLangenberg, Claudia1 aForouhi, Nita1 aWennberg, Maria1 aDesprés, Jean-Pierre1 aCushman, Mary1 aCooper, Jackie, A1 aRodriguez, Carlos, J1 aSakurai, Masaru1 aShaw, Jonathan, E1 aKnuiman, Matthew1 aVoortman, Trudy1 aMeisinger, Christa1 aTjønneland, Anne1 aBrenner, Hermann1 aPalmieri, Luigi1 aDallongeville, Jean1 aBrunner, Eric, J1 aAssmann, Gerd1 aTrevisan, Maurizio1 aGillum, Richard, F1 aFord, Ian1 aSattar, Naveed1 aLazo, Mariana1 aThompson, Simon, G1 aFerrari, Pietro1 aLeon, David, A1 aSmith, George Davey1 aPeto, Richard1 aJackson, Rod1 aBanks, Emily1 aDi Angelantonio, Emanuele1 aDanesh, John1 aEmerging Risk Factors Collaboration/EPIC-CVD/UK Biobank Alcohol Study Group uhttps://chs-nhlbi.org/node/766415950nas a2205365 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2019 eng d a2041-172300aAssociations of autozygosity with a broad range of human phenotypes.0 aAssociations of autozygosity with a broad range of human phenoty c2019 Oct 31 a49570 v103 aIn many species, the offspring of related parents suffer reduced reproductive success, a phenomenon known as inbreeding depression. In humans, the importance of this effect has remained unclear, partly because reproduction between close relatives is both rare and frequently associated with confounding social factors. Here, using genomic inbreeding coefficients (F) for >1.4 million individuals, we show that F is significantly associated (p < 0.0005) with apparently deleterious changes in 32 out of 100 traits analysed. These changes are associated with runs of homozygosity (ROH), but not with common variant homozygosity, suggesting that genetic variants associated with inbreeding depression are predominantly rare. The effect on fertility is striking: F equivalent to the offspring of first cousins is associated with a 55% decrease [95% CI 44-66%] in the odds of having children. Finally, the effects of F are confirmed within full-sibling pairs, where the variation in F is independent of all environmental confounding.
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