%0 Journal Article %J Nat Genet %D 2010 %T Association analyses of 249,796 individuals reveal 18 new loci associated with body mass index. %A Speliotes, Elizabeth K %A Willer, Cristen J %A Berndt, Sonja I %A Monda, Keri L %A Thorleifsson, Gudmar %A Jackson, Anne U %A Lango Allen, Hana %A Lindgren, Cecilia M %A Luan, Jian'an %A Mägi, Reedik %A Randall, Joshua C %A Vedantam, Sailaja %A Winkler, Thomas W %A Qi, Lu %A Workalemahu, Tsegaselassie %A Heid, Iris M %A Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur %A Stringham, Heather M %A Weedon, Michael N %A Wheeler, Eleanor %A Wood, Andrew R %A Ferreira, Teresa %A Weyant, Robert J %A Segrè, Ayellet V %A Estrada, Karol %A Liang, Liming %A Nemesh, James %A Park, Ju-Hyun %A Gustafsson, Stefan %A Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O %A Yang, Jian %A Bouatia-Naji, Nabila %A Esko, Tõnu %A Feitosa, Mary F %A Kutalik, Zoltán %A Mangino, Massimo %A Raychaudhuri, Soumya %A Scherag, Andre %A Smith, Albert Vernon %A Welch, Ryan %A Zhao, Jing Hua %A Aben, Katja K %A Absher, Devin M %A Amin, Najaf %A Dixon, Anna L %A Fisher, Eva %A Glazer, Nicole L %A Goddard, Michael E %A Heard-Costa, Nancy L %A Hoesel, Volker %A Hottenga, Jouke-Jan %A Johansson, Asa %A Johnson, Toby %A Ketkar, Shamika %A Lamina, Claudia %A Li, Shengxu %A Moffatt, Miriam F %A Myers, Richard H %A Narisu, Narisu %A Perry, John R B %A Peters, Marjolein J %A Preuss, Michael %A Ripatti, Samuli %A Rivadeneira, Fernando %A Sandholt, Camilla %A Scott, Laura J %A Timpson, Nicholas J %A Tyrer, Jonathan P %A van Wingerden, Sophie %A Watanabe, Richard M %A White, Charles C %A Wiklund, Fredrik %A Barlassina, Christina %A Chasman, Daniel I %A Cooper, Matthew N %A Jansson, John-Olov %A Lawrence, Robert W %A Pellikka, Niina %A Prokopenko, Inga %A Shi, Jianxin %A Thiering, Elisabeth %A Alavere, Helene %A Alibrandi, Maria T S %A Almgren, Peter %A Arnold, Alice M %A Aspelund, Thor %A Atwood, Larry D %A Balkau, Beverley %A Balmforth, Anthony J %A Bennett, Amanda J %A Ben-Shlomo, Yoav %A Bergman, Richard N %A Bergmann, Sven %A Biebermann, Heike %A Blakemore, Alexandra I F %A Boes, Tanja %A Bonnycastle, Lori L %A Bornstein, Stefan R %A Brown, Morris J %A Buchanan, Thomas A %A Busonero, Fabio %A Campbell, Harry %A Cappuccio, Francesco P %A Cavalcanti-Proença, Christine %A Chen, Yii-Der Ida %A Chen, Chih-Mei %A Chines, Peter S %A Clarke, Robert %A Coin, Lachlan %A Connell, John %A Day, Ian N M %A den Heijer, Martin %A Duan, Jubao %A Ebrahim, Shah %A Elliott, Paul %A Elosua, Roberto %A Eiriksdottir, Gudny %A Erdos, Michael R %A Eriksson, Johan G %A Facheris, Maurizio F %A Felix, Stephan B %A Fischer-Posovszky, Pamela %A Folsom, Aaron R %A Friedrich, Nele %A Freimer, Nelson B %A Fu, Mao %A Gaget, Stefan %A Gejman, Pablo V %A Geus, Eco J C %A Gieger, Christian %A Gjesing, Anette P %A Goel, Anuj %A Goyette, Philippe %A Grallert, Harald %A Grässler, Jürgen %A Greenawalt, Danielle M %A Groves, Christopher J %A Gudnason, Vilmundur %A Guiducci, Candace %A Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa %A Hassanali, Neelam %A Hall, Alistair S %A Havulinna, Aki S %A Hayward, Caroline %A Heath, Andrew C %A Hengstenberg, Christian %A Hicks, Andrew A %A Hinney, Anke %A Hofman, Albert %A Homuth, Georg %A Hui, Jennie %A Igl, Wilmar %A Iribarren, Carlos %A Isomaa, Bo %A Jacobs, Kevin B %A Jarick, Ivonne %A Jewell, Elizabeth %A John, Ulrich %A Jørgensen, Torben %A Jousilahti, Pekka %A Jula, Antti %A Kaakinen, Marika %A Kajantie, Eero %A Kaplan, Lee M %A Kathiresan, Sekar %A Kettunen, Johannes %A Kinnunen, Leena %A Knowles, Joshua W %A Kolcic, Ivana %A König, Inke R %A Koskinen, Seppo %A Kovacs, Peter %A Kuusisto, Johanna %A Kraft, Peter %A Kvaløy, Kirsti %A Laitinen, Jaana %A Lantieri, Olivier %A Lanzani, Chiara %A Launer, Lenore J %A Lecoeur, Cécile %A Lehtimäki, Terho %A Lettre, Guillaume %A Liu, Jianjun %A Lokki, Marja-Liisa %A Lorentzon, Mattias %A Luben, Robert N %A Ludwig, Barbara %A Manunta, Paolo %A Marek, Diana %A Marre, Michel %A Martin, Nicholas G %A McArdle, Wendy L %A McCarthy, Anne %A McKnight, Barbara %A Meitinger, Thomas %A Melander, Olle %A Meyre, David %A Midthjell, Kristian %A Montgomery, Grant W %A Morken, Mario A %A Morris, Andrew P %A Mulic, Rosanda %A Ngwa, Julius S %A Nelis, Mari %A Neville, Matt J %A Nyholt, Dale R %A O'Donnell, Christopher J %A O'Rahilly, Stephen %A Ong, Ken K %A Oostra, Ben %A Paré, Guillaume %A Parker, Alex N %A Perola, Markus %A Pichler, Irene %A Pietiläinen, Kirsi H %A Platou, Carl G P %A Polasek, Ozren %A Pouta, Anneli %A Rafelt, Suzanne %A Raitakari, Olli %A Rayner, Nigel W %A Ridderstråle, Martin %A Rief, Winfried %A Ruokonen, Aimo %A Robertson, Neil R %A Rzehak, Peter %A Salomaa, Veikko %A Sanders, Alan R %A Sandhu, Manjinder S %A Sanna, Serena %A Saramies, Jouko %A Savolainen, Markku J %A Scherag, Susann %A Schipf, Sabine %A Schreiber, Stefan %A Schunkert, Heribert %A Silander, Kaisa %A Sinisalo, Juha %A Siscovick, David S %A Smit, Jan H %A Soranzo, Nicole %A Sovio, Ulla %A Stephens, Jonathan %A Surakka, Ida %A Swift, Amy J %A Tammesoo, Mari-Liis %A Tardif, Jean-Claude %A Teder-Laving, Maris %A Teslovich, Tanya M %A Thompson, John R %A Thomson, Brian %A Tönjes, Anke %A Tuomi, Tiinamaija %A van Meurs, Joyce B J %A van Ommen, Gert-Jan %A Vatin, Vincent %A Viikari, Jorma %A Visvikis-Siest, Sophie %A Vitart, Veronique %A Vogel, Carla I G %A Voight, Benjamin F %A Waite, Lindsay L %A Wallaschofski, Henri %A Walters, G Bragi %A Widen, Elisabeth %A Wiegand, Susanna %A Wild, Sarah H %A Willemsen, Gonneke %A Witte, Daniel R %A Witteman, Jacqueline C %A Xu, Jianfeng %A Zhang, Qunyuan %A Zgaga, Lina %A Ziegler, Andreas %A Zitting, Paavo %A Beilby, John P %A Farooqi, I Sadaf %A Hebebrand, Johannes %A Huikuri, Heikki V %A James, Alan L %A Kähönen, Mika %A Levinson, Douglas F %A Macciardi, Fabio %A Nieminen, Markku S %A Ohlsson, Claes %A Palmer, Lyle J %A Ridker, Paul M %A Stumvoll, Michael %A Beckmann, Jacques S %A Boeing, Heiner %A Boerwinkle, Eric %A Boomsma, Dorret I %A Caulfield, Mark J %A Chanock, Stephen J %A Collins, Francis S %A Cupples, L Adrienne %A Smith, George Davey %A Erdmann, Jeanette %A Froguel, Philippe %A Grönberg, Henrik %A Gyllensten, Ulf %A Hall, Per %A Hansen, Torben %A Harris, Tamara B %A Hattersley, Andrew T %A Hayes, Richard B %A Heinrich, Joachim %A Hu, Frank B %A Hveem, Kristian %A Illig, Thomas %A Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta %A Kaprio, Jaakko %A Karpe, Fredrik %A Khaw, Kay-Tee %A Kiemeney, Lambertus A %A Krude, Heiko %A Laakso, Markku %A Lawlor, Debbie A %A Metspalu, Andres %A Munroe, Patricia B %A Ouwehand, Willem H %A Pedersen, Oluf %A Penninx, Brenda W %A Peters, Annette %A Pramstaller, Peter P %A Quertermous, Thomas %A Reinehr, Thomas %A Rissanen, Aila %A Rudan, Igor %A Samani, Nilesh J %A Schwarz, Peter E H %A Shuldiner, Alan R %A Spector, Timothy D %A Tuomilehto, Jaakko %A Uda, Manuela %A Uitterlinden, Andre %A Valle, Timo T %A Wabitsch, Martin %A Waeber, Gérard %A Wareham, Nicholas J %A Watkins, Hugh %A Wilson, James F %A Wright, Alan F %A Zillikens, M Carola %A Chatterjee, Nilanjan %A McCarroll, Steven A %A Purcell, Shaun %A Schadt, Eric E %A Visscher, Peter M %A Assimes, Themistocles L %A Borecki, Ingrid B %A Deloukas, Panos %A Fox, Caroline S %A Groop, Leif C %A Haritunians, Talin %A Hunter, David J %A Kaplan, Robert C %A Mohlke, Karen L %A O'Connell, Jeffrey R %A Peltonen, Leena %A Schlessinger, David %A Strachan, David P %A van Duijn, Cornelia M %A Wichmann, H-Erich %A Frayling, Timothy M %A Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur %A Abecasis, Goncalo R %A Barroso, Inês %A Boehnke, Michael %A Stefansson, Kari %A North, Kari E %A McCarthy, Mark I %A Hirschhorn, Joel N %A Ingelsson, Erik %A Loos, Ruth J F %K Body Height %K Body Mass Index %K Body Size %K Body Weight %K Chromosome Mapping %K European Continental Ancestry Group %K Genetic Predisposition to Disease %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Humans %K Obesity %K Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide %X

Obesity is globally prevalent and highly heritable, but its underlying genetic factors remain largely elusive. To identify genetic loci for obesity susceptibility, we examined associations between body mass index and ∼ 2.8 million SNPs in up to 123,865 individuals with targeted follow up of 42 SNPs in up to 125,931 additional individuals. We confirmed 14 known obesity susceptibility loci and identified 18 new loci associated with body mass index (P < 5 × 10⁻⁸), one of which includes a copy number variant near GPRC5B. Some loci (at MC4R, POMC, SH2B1 and BDNF) map near key hypothalamic regulators of energy balance, and one of these loci is near GIPR, an incretin receptor. Furthermore, genes in other newly associated loci may provide new insights into human body weight regulation.

%B Nat Genet %V 42 %P 937-48 %8 2010 Nov %G eng %N 11 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20935630?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1038/ng.686 %0 Journal Article %J Nat Genet %D 2010 %T Meta-analysis identifies 13 new loci associated with waist-hip ratio and reveals sexual dimorphism in the genetic basis of fat distribution. %A Heid, Iris M %A Jackson, Anne U %A Randall, Joshua C %A Winkler, Thomas W %A Qi, Lu %A Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur %A Thorleifsson, Gudmar %A Zillikens, M Carola %A Speliotes, Elizabeth K %A Mägi, Reedik %A Workalemahu, Tsegaselassie %A White, Charles C %A Bouatia-Naji, Nabila %A Harris, Tamara B %A Berndt, Sonja I %A Ingelsson, Erik %A Willer, Cristen J %A Weedon, Michael N %A Luan, Jian'an %A Vedantam, Sailaja %A Esko, Tõnu %A Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O %A Kutalik, Zoltán %A Li, Shengxu %A Monda, Keri L %A Dixon, Anna L %A Holmes, Christopher C %A Kaplan, Lee M %A Liang, Liming %A Min, Josine L %A Moffatt, Miriam F %A Molony, Cliona %A Nicholson, George %A Schadt, Eric E %A Zondervan, Krina T %A Feitosa, Mary F %A Ferreira, Teresa %A Lango Allen, Hana %A Weyant, Robert J %A Wheeler, Eleanor %A Wood, Andrew R %A Estrada, Karol %A Goddard, Michael E %A Lettre, Guillaume %A Mangino, Massimo %A Nyholt, Dale R %A Purcell, Shaun %A Smith, Albert Vernon %A Visscher, Peter M %A Yang, Jian %A McCarroll, Steven A %A Nemesh, James %A Voight, Benjamin F %A Absher, Devin %A Amin, Najaf %A Aspelund, Thor %A Coin, Lachlan %A Glazer, Nicole L %A Hayward, Caroline %A Heard-Costa, Nancy L %A Hottenga, Jouke-Jan %A Johansson, Asa %A Johnson, Toby %A Kaakinen, Marika %A Kapur, Karen %A Ketkar, Shamika %A Knowles, Joshua W %A Kraft, Peter %A Kraja, Aldi T %A Lamina, Claudia %A Leitzmann, Michael F %A McKnight, Barbara %A Morris, Andrew P %A Ong, Ken K %A Perry, John R B %A Peters, Marjolein J %A Polasek, Ozren %A Prokopenko, Inga %A Rayner, Nigel W %A Ripatti, Samuli %A Rivadeneira, Fernando %A Robertson, Neil R %A Sanna, Serena %A Sovio, Ulla %A Surakka, Ida %A Teumer, Alexander %A van Wingerden, Sophie %A Vitart, Veronique %A Zhao, Jing Hua %A Cavalcanti-Proença, Christine %A Chines, Peter S %A Fisher, Eva %A Kulzer, Jennifer R %A Lecoeur, Cécile %A Narisu, Narisu %A Sandholt, Camilla %A Scott, Laura J %A Silander, Kaisa %A Stark, Klaus %A Tammesoo, Mari-Liis %A Teslovich, Tanya M %A Timpson, Nicholas John %A Watanabe, Richard M %A Welch, Ryan %A Chasman, Daniel I %A Cooper, Matthew N %A Jansson, John-Olov %A Kettunen, Johannes %A Lawrence, Robert W %A Pellikka, Niina %A Perola, Markus %A Vandenput, Liesbeth %A Alavere, Helene %A Almgren, Peter %A Atwood, Larry D %A Bennett, Amanda J %A Biffar, Reiner %A Bonnycastle, Lori L %A Bornstein, Stefan R %A Buchanan, Thomas A %A Campbell, Harry %A Day, Ian N M %A Dei, Mariano %A Dörr, Marcus %A Elliott, Paul %A Erdos, Michael R %A Eriksson, Johan G %A Freimer, Nelson B %A Fu, Mao %A Gaget, Stefan %A Geus, Eco J C %A Gjesing, Anette P %A Grallert, Harald %A Grässler, Jürgen %A Groves, Christopher J %A Guiducci, Candace %A Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa %A Hassanali, Neelam %A Havulinna, Aki S %A Herzig, Karl-Heinz %A Hicks, Andrew A %A Hui, Jennie %A Igl, Wilmar %A Jousilahti, Pekka %A Jula, Antti %A Kajantie, Eero %A Kinnunen, Leena %A Kolcic, Ivana %A Koskinen, Seppo %A Kovacs, Peter %A Kroemer, Heyo K %A Krzelj, Vjekoslav %A Kuusisto, Johanna %A Kvaloy, Kirsti %A Laitinen, Jaana %A Lantieri, Olivier %A Lathrop, G Mark %A Lokki, Marja-Liisa %A Luben, Robert N %A Ludwig, Barbara %A McArdle, Wendy L %A McCarthy, Anne %A Morken, Mario A %A Nelis, Mari %A Neville, Matt J %A Paré, Guillaume %A Parker, Alex N %A Peden, John F %A Pichler, Irene %A Pietiläinen, Kirsi H %A Platou, Carl G P %A Pouta, Anneli %A Ridderstråle, Martin %A Samani, Nilesh J %A Saramies, Jouko %A Sinisalo, Juha %A Smit, Jan H %A Strawbridge, Rona J %A Stringham, Heather M %A Swift, Amy J %A Teder-Laving, Maris %A Thomson, Brian %A Usala, Gianluca %A van Meurs, Joyce B J %A van Ommen, Gert-Jan %A Vatin, Vincent %A Volpato, Claudia B %A Wallaschofski, Henri %A Walters, G Bragi %A Widen, Elisabeth %A Wild, Sarah H %A Willemsen, Gonneke %A Witte, Daniel R %A Zgaga, Lina %A Zitting, Paavo %A Beilby, John P %A James, Alan L %A Kähönen, Mika %A Lehtimäki, Terho %A Nieminen, Markku S %A Ohlsson, Claes %A Palmer, Lyle J %A Raitakari, Olli %A Ridker, Paul M %A Stumvoll, Michael %A Tönjes, Anke %A Viikari, Jorma %A Balkau, Beverley %A Ben-Shlomo, Yoav %A Bergman, Richard N %A Boeing, Heiner %A Smith, George Davey %A Ebrahim, Shah %A Froguel, Philippe %A Hansen, Torben %A Hengstenberg, Christian %A Hveem, Kristian %A Isomaa, Bo %A Jørgensen, Torben %A Karpe, Fredrik %A Khaw, Kay-Tee %A Laakso, Markku %A Lawlor, Debbie A %A Marre, Michel %A Meitinger, Thomas %A Metspalu, Andres %A Midthjell, Kristian %A Pedersen, Oluf %A Salomaa, Veikko %A Schwarz, Peter E H %A Tuomi, Tiinamaija %A Tuomilehto, Jaakko %A Valle, Timo T %A Wareham, Nicholas J %A Arnold, Alice M %A Beckmann, Jacques S %A Bergmann, Sven %A Boerwinkle, Eric %A Boomsma, Dorret I %A Caulfield, Mark J %A Collins, Francis S %A Eiriksdottir, Gudny %A Gudnason, Vilmundur %A Gyllensten, Ulf %A Hamsten, Anders %A Hattersley, Andrew T %A Hofman, Albert %A Hu, Frank B %A Illig, Thomas %A Iribarren, Carlos %A Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta %A Kao, W H Linda %A Kaprio, Jaakko %A Launer, Lenore J %A Munroe, Patricia B %A Oostra, Ben %A Penninx, Brenda W %A Pramstaller, Peter P %A Psaty, Bruce M %A Quertermous, Thomas %A Rissanen, Aila %A Rudan, Igor %A Shuldiner, Alan R %A Soranzo, Nicole %A Spector, Timothy D %A Syvänen, Ann-Christine %A Uda, Manuela %A Uitterlinden, Andre %A Völzke, Henry %A Vollenweider, Peter %A Wilson, James F %A Witteman, Jacqueline C %A Wright, Alan F %A Abecasis, Goncalo R %A Boehnke, Michael %A Borecki, Ingrid B %A Deloukas, Panos %A Frayling, Timothy M %A Groop, Leif C %A Haritunians, Talin %A Hunter, David J %A Kaplan, Robert C %A North, Kari E %A O'Connell, Jeffrey R %A Peltonen, Leena %A Schlessinger, David %A Strachan, David P %A Hirschhorn, Joel N %A Assimes, Themistocles L %A Wichmann, H-Erich %A Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur %A van Duijn, Cornelia M %A Stefansson, Kari %A Cupples, L Adrienne %A Loos, Ruth J F %A Barroso, Inês %A McCarthy, Mark I %A Fox, Caroline S %A Mohlke, Karen L %A Lindgren, Cecilia M %K Adipose Tissue %K Age Factors %K Chromosome Mapping %K Female %K Genome, Human %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Humans %K Male %K Meta-Analysis as Topic %K Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide %K Sex Characteristics %K Waist-Hip Ratio %X

Waist-hip ratio (WHR) is a measure of body fat distribution and a predictor of metabolic consequences independent of overall adiposity. WHR is heritable, but few genetic variants influencing this trait have been identified. We conducted a meta-analysis of 32 genome-wide association studies for WHR adjusted for body mass index (comprising up to 77,167 participants), following up 16 loci in an additional 29 studies (comprising up to 113,636 subjects). We identified 13 new loci in or near RSPO3, VEGFA, TBX15-WARS2, NFE2L3, GRB14, DNM3-PIGC, ITPR2-SSPN, LY86, HOXC13, ADAMTS9, ZNRF3-KREMEN1, NISCH-STAB1 and CPEB4 (P = 1.9 × 10⁻⁹ to P = 1.8 × 10⁻⁴⁰) and the known signal at LYPLAL1. Seven of these loci exhibited marked sexual dimorphism, all with a stronger effect on WHR in women than men (P for sex difference = 1.9 × 10⁻³ to P = 1.2 × 10⁻¹³). These findings provide evidence for multiple loci that modulate body fat distribution independent of overall adiposity and reveal strong gene-by-sex interactions.

%B Nat Genet %V 42 %P 949-60 %8 2010 Nov %G eng %N 11 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20935629?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1038/ng.685 %0 Journal Article %J Nat Genet %D 2010 %T New genetic loci implicated in fasting glucose homeostasis and their impact on type 2 diabetes risk. %A Dupuis, Josée %A Langenberg, Claudia %A Prokopenko, Inga %A Saxena, Richa %A Soranzo, Nicole %A Jackson, Anne U %A Wheeler, Eleanor %A Glazer, Nicole L %A Bouatia-Naji, Nabila %A Gloyn, Anna L %A Lindgren, Cecilia M %A Mägi, Reedik %A Morris, Andrew P %A Randall, Joshua %A Johnson, Toby %A Elliott, Paul %A Rybin, Denis %A Thorleifsson, Gudmar %A Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur %A Henneman, Peter %A Grallert, Harald %A Dehghan, Abbas %A Hottenga, Jouke Jan %A Franklin, Christopher S %A Navarro, Pau %A Song, Kijoung %A Goel, Anuj %A Perry, John R B %A Egan, Josephine M %A Lajunen, Taina %A Grarup, Niels %A Sparsø, Thomas %A Doney, Alex %A Voight, Benjamin F %A Stringham, Heather M %A Li, Man %A Kanoni, Stavroula %A Shrader, Peter %A Cavalcanti-Proença, Christine %A Kumari, Meena %A Qi, Lu %A Timpson, Nicholas J %A Gieger, Christian %A Zabena, Carina %A Rocheleau, Ghislain %A Ingelsson, Erik %A An, Ping %A O'Connell, Jeffrey %A Luan, Jian'an %A Elliott, Amanda %A McCarroll, Steven A %A Payne, Felicity %A Roccasecca, Rosa Maria %A Pattou, François %A Sethupathy, Praveen %A Ardlie, Kristin %A Ariyurek, Yavuz %A Balkau, Beverley %A Barter, Philip %A Beilby, John P %A Ben-Shlomo, Yoav %A Benediktsson, Rafn %A Bennett, Amanda J %A Bergmann, Sven %A Bochud, Murielle %A Boerwinkle, Eric %A Bonnefond, Amélie %A Bonnycastle, Lori L %A Borch-Johnsen, Knut %A Böttcher, Yvonne %A Brunner, Eric %A Bumpstead, Suzannah J %A Charpentier, Guillaume %A Chen, Yii-Der Ida %A Chines, Peter %A Clarke, Robert %A Coin, Lachlan J M %A Cooper, Matthew N %A Cornelis, Marilyn %A Crawford, Gabe %A Crisponi, Laura %A Day, Ian N M %A de Geus, Eco J C %A Delplanque, Jerome %A Dina, Christian %A Erdos, Michael R %A Fedson, Annette C %A Fischer-Rosinsky, Antje %A Forouhi, Nita G %A Fox, Caroline S %A Frants, Rune %A Franzosi, Maria Grazia %A Galan, Pilar %A Goodarzi, Mark O %A Graessler, Jürgen %A Groves, Christopher J %A Grundy, Scott %A Gwilliam, Rhian %A Gyllensten, Ulf %A Hadjadj, Samy %A Hallmans, Göran %A Hammond, Naomi %A Han, Xijing %A Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa %A Hassanali, Neelam %A Hayward, Caroline %A Heath, Simon C %A Hercberg, Serge %A Herder, Christian %A Hicks, Andrew A %A Hillman, David R %A Hingorani, Aroon D %A Hofman, Albert %A Hui, Jennie %A Hung, Joe %A Isomaa, Bo %A Johnson, Paul R V %A Jørgensen, Torben %A Jula, Antti %A Kaakinen, Marika %A Kaprio, Jaakko %A Kesaniemi, Y Antero %A Kivimaki, Mika %A Knight, Beatrice %A Koskinen, Seppo %A Kovacs, Peter %A Kyvik, Kirsten Ohm %A Lathrop, G Mark %A Lawlor, Debbie A %A Le Bacquer, Olivier %A Lecoeur, Cécile %A Li, Yun %A Lyssenko, Valeriya %A Mahley, Robert %A Mangino, Massimo %A Manning, Alisa K %A Martínez-Larrad, María Teresa %A McAteer, Jarred B %A McCulloch, Laura J %A McPherson, Ruth %A Meisinger, Christa %A Melzer, David %A Meyre, David %A Mitchell, Braxton D %A Morken, Mario A %A Mukherjee, Sutapa %A Naitza, Silvia %A Narisu, Narisu %A Neville, Matthew J %A Oostra, Ben A %A Orrù, Marco %A Pakyz, Ruth %A Palmer, Colin N A %A Paolisso, Giuseppe %A Pattaro, Cristian %A Pearson, Daniel %A Peden, John F %A Pedersen, Nancy L %A Perola, Markus %A Pfeiffer, Andreas F H %A Pichler, Irene %A Polasek, Ozren %A Posthuma, Danielle %A Potter, Simon C %A Pouta, Anneli %A Province, Michael A %A Psaty, Bruce M %A Rathmann, Wolfgang %A Rayner, Nigel W %A Rice, Kenneth %A Ripatti, Samuli %A Rivadeneira, Fernando %A Roden, Michael %A Rolandsson, Olov %A Sandbaek, Annelli %A Sandhu, Manjinder %A Sanna, Serena %A Sayer, Avan Aihie %A Scheet, Paul %A Scott, Laura J %A Seedorf, Udo %A Sharp, Stephen J %A Shields, Beverley %A Sigurethsson, Gunnar %A Sijbrands, Eric J G %A Silveira, Angela %A Simpson, Laila %A Singleton, Andrew %A Smith, Nicholas L %A Sovio, Ulla %A Swift, Amy %A Syddall, Holly %A Syvänen, Ann-Christine %A Tanaka, Toshiko %A Thorand, Barbara %A Tichet, Jean %A Tönjes, Anke %A Tuomi, Tiinamaija %A Uitterlinden, André G %A van Dijk, Ko Willems %A van Hoek, Mandy %A Varma, Dhiraj %A Visvikis-Siest, Sophie %A Vitart, Veronique %A Vogelzangs, Nicole %A Waeber, Gérard %A Wagner, Peter J %A Walley, Andrew %A Walters, G Bragi %A Ward, Kim L %A Watkins, Hugh %A Weedon, Michael N %A Wild, Sarah H %A Willemsen, Gonneke %A Witteman, Jaqueline C M %A Yarnell, John W G %A Zeggini, Eleftheria %A Zelenika, Diana %A Zethelius, Björn %A Zhai, Guangju %A Zhao, Jing Hua %A Zillikens, M Carola %A Borecki, Ingrid B %A Loos, Ruth J F %A Meneton, Pierre %A Magnusson, Patrik K E %A Nathan, David M %A Williams, Gordon H %A Hattersley, Andrew T %A Silander, Kaisa %A Salomaa, Veikko %A Smith, George Davey %A Bornstein, Stefan R %A Schwarz, Peter %A Spranger, Joachim %A Karpe, Fredrik %A Shuldiner, Alan R %A Cooper, Cyrus %A Dedoussis, George V %A Serrano-Ríos, Manuel %A Morris, Andrew D %A Lind, Lars %A Palmer, Lyle J %A Hu, Frank B %A Franks, Paul W %A Ebrahim, Shah %A Marmot, Michael %A Kao, W H Linda %A Pankow, James S %A Sampson, Michael J %A Kuusisto, Johanna %A Laakso, Markku %A Hansen, Torben %A Pedersen, Oluf %A Pramstaller, Peter Paul %A Wichmann, H Erich %A Illig, Thomas %A Rudan, Igor %A Wright, Alan F %A Stumvoll, Michael %A Campbell, Harry %A Wilson, James F %A Bergman, Richard N %A Buchanan, Thomas A %A Collins, Francis S %A Mohlke, Karen L %A Tuomilehto, Jaakko %A Valle, Timo T %A Altshuler, David %A Rotter, Jerome I %A Siscovick, David S %A Penninx, Brenda W J H %A Boomsma, Dorret I %A Deloukas, Panos %A Spector, Timothy D %A Frayling, Timothy M %A Ferrucci, Luigi %A Kong, Augustine %A Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur %A Stefansson, Kari %A van Duijn, Cornelia M %A Aulchenko, Yurii S %A Cao, Antonio %A Scuteri, Angelo %A Schlessinger, David %A Uda, Manuela %A Ruokonen, Aimo %A Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta %A Waterworth, Dawn M %A Vollenweider, Peter %A Peltonen, Leena %A Mooser, Vincent %A Abecasis, Goncalo R %A Wareham, Nicholas J %A Sladek, Robert %A Froguel, Philippe %A Watanabe, Richard M %A Meigs, James B %A Groop, Leif %A Boehnke, Michael %A McCarthy, Mark I %A Florez, Jose C %A Barroso, Inês %K Adolescent %K Adult %K Alleles %K Blood Glucose %K Child %K Databases, Genetic %K Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 %K DNA Copy Number Variations %K Fasting %K Gene Expression Regulation %K Genetic Loci %K Genetic Predisposition to Disease %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Homeostasis %K Humans %K Meta-Analysis as Topic %K Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide %K Quantitative Trait Loci %K Quantitative Trait, Heritable %K Reproducibility of Results %X

Levels of circulating glucose are tightly regulated. To identify new loci influencing glycemic traits, we performed meta-analyses of 21 genome-wide association studies informative for fasting glucose, fasting insulin and indices of beta-cell function (HOMA-B) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in up to 46,186 nondiabetic participants. Follow-up of 25 loci in up to 76,558 additional subjects identified 16 loci associated with fasting glucose and HOMA-B and two loci associated with fasting insulin and HOMA-IR. These include nine loci newly associated with fasting glucose (in or near ADCY5, MADD, ADRA2A, CRY2, FADS1, GLIS3, SLC2A2, PROX1 and C2CD4B) and one influencing fasting insulin and HOMA-IR (near IGF1). We also demonstrated association of ADCY5, PROX1, GCK, GCKR and DGKB-TMEM195 with type 2 diabetes. Within these loci, likely biological candidate genes influence signal transduction, cell proliferation, development, glucose-sensing and circadian regulation. Our results demonstrate that genetic studies of glycemic traits can identify type 2 diabetes risk loci, as well as loci containing gene variants that are associated with a modest elevation in glucose levels but are not associated with overt diabetes.

%B Nat Genet %V 42 %P 105-16 %8 2010 Feb %G eng %N 2 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20081858?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1038/ng.520 %0 Journal Article %J PLoS Genet %D 2012 %T Novel loci for adiponectin levels and their influence on type 2 diabetes and metabolic traits: a multi-ethnic meta-analysis of 45,891 individuals. %A Dastani, Zari %A Hivert, Marie-France %A Timpson, Nicholas %A Perry, John R B %A Yuan, Xin %A Scott, Robert A %A Henneman, Peter %A Heid, Iris M %A Kizer, Jorge R %A Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka %A Fuchsberger, Christian %A Tanaka, Toshiko %A Morris, Andrew P %A Small, Kerrin %A Isaacs, Aaron %A Beekman, Marian %A Coassin, Stefan %A Lohman, Kurt %A Qi, Lu %A Kanoni, Stavroula %A Pankow, James S %A Uh, Hae-Won %A Wu, Ying %A Bidulescu, Aurelian %A Rasmussen-Torvik, Laura J %A Greenwood, Celia M T %A Ladouceur, Martin %A Grimsby, Jonna %A Manning, Alisa K %A Liu, Ching-Ti %A Kooner, Jaspal %A Mooser, Vincent E %A Vollenweider, Peter %A Kapur, Karen A %A Chambers, John %A Wareham, Nicholas J %A Langenberg, Claudia %A Frants, Rune %A Willems-Vandijk, Ko %A Oostra, Ben A %A Willems, Sara M %A Lamina, Claudia %A Winkler, Thomas W %A Psaty, Bruce M %A Tracy, Russell P %A Brody, Jennifer %A Chen, Ida %A Viikari, Jorma %A Kähönen, Mika %A Pramstaller, Peter P %A Evans, David M %A St Pourcain, Beate %A Sattar, Naveed %A Wood, Andrew R %A Bandinelli, Stefania %A Carlson, Olga D %A Egan, Josephine M %A Böhringer, Stefan %A van Heemst, Diana %A Kedenko, Lyudmyla %A Kristiansson, Kati %A Nuotio, Marja-Liisa %A Loo, Britt-Marie %A Harris, Tamara %A Garcia, Melissa %A Kanaya, Alka %A Haun, Margot %A Klopp, Norman %A Wichmann, H-Erich %A Deloukas, Panos %A Katsareli, Efi %A Couper, David J %A Duncan, Bruce B %A Kloppenburg, Margreet %A Adair, Linda S %A Borja, Judith B %A Wilson, James G %A Musani, Solomon %A Guo, Xiuqing %A Johnson, Toby %A Semple, Robert %A Teslovich, Tanya M %A Allison, Matthew A %A Redline, Susan %A Buxbaum, Sarah G %A Mohlke, Karen L %A Meulenbelt, Ingrid %A Ballantyne, Christie M %A Dedoussis, George V %A Hu, Frank B %A Liu, Yongmei %A Paulweber, Bernhard %A Spector, Timothy D %A Slagboom, P Eline %A Ferrucci, Luigi %A Jula, Antti %A Perola, Markus %A Raitakari, Olli %A Florez, Jose C %A Salomaa, Veikko %A Eriksson, Johan G %A Frayling, Timothy M %A Hicks, Andrew A %A Lehtimäki, Terho %A Smith, George Davey %A Siscovick, David S %A Kronenberg, Florian %A van Duijn, Cornelia %A Loos, Ruth J F %A Waterworth, Dawn M %A Meigs, James B %A Dupuis, Josée %A Richards, J Brent %A Voight, Benjamin F %A Scott, Laura J %A Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur %A Dina, Christian %A Welch, Ryan P %A Zeggini, Eleftheria %A Huth, Cornelia %A Aulchenko, Yurii S %A Thorleifsson, Gudmar %A McCulloch, Laura J %A Ferreira, Teresa %A Grallert, Harald %A Amin, Najaf %A Wu, Guanming %A Willer, Cristen J %A Raychaudhuri, Soumya %A McCarroll, Steve A %A Hofmann, Oliver M %A Segrè, Ayellet V %A van Hoek, Mandy %A Navarro, Pau %A Ardlie, Kristin %A Balkau, Beverley %A Benediktsson, Rafn %A Bennett, Amanda J %A Blagieva, Roza %A Boerwinkle, Eric %A Bonnycastle, Lori L %A Boström, Kristina Bengtsson %A Bravenboer, Bert %A Bumpstead, Suzannah %A Burtt, Noel P %A Charpentier, Guillaume %A Chines, Peter S %A Cornelis, Marilyn %A Crawford, Gabe %A Doney, Alex S F %A Elliott, Katherine S %A Elliott, Amanda L %A Erdos, Michael R %A Fox, Caroline S %A Franklin, Christopher S %A Ganser, Martha %A Gieger, Christian %A Grarup, Niels %A Green, Todd %A Griffin, Simon %A Groves, Christopher J %A Guiducci, Candace %A Hadjadj, Samy %A Hassanali, Neelam %A Herder, Christian %A Isomaa, Bo %A Jackson, Anne U %A Johnson, Paul R V %A Jørgensen, Torben %A Kao, Wen H L %A Kong, Augustine %A Kraft, Peter %A Kuusisto, Johanna %A Lauritzen, Torsten %A Li, Man %A Lieverse, Aloysius %A Lindgren, Cecilia M %A Lyssenko, Valeriya %A Marre, Michel %A Meitinger, Thomas %A Midthjell, Kristian %A Morken, Mario A %A Narisu, Narisu %A Nilsson, Peter %A Owen, Katharine R %A Payne, Felicity %A Petersen, Ann-Kristin %A Platou, Carl %A Proença, Christine %A Prokopenko, Inga %A Rathmann, Wolfgang %A Rayner, N William %A Robertson, Neil R %A Rocheleau, Ghislain %A Roden, Michael %A Sampson, Michael J %A Saxena, Richa %A Shields, Beverley M %A Shrader, Peter %A Sigurdsson, Gunnar %A Sparsø, Thomas %A Strassburger, Klaus %A Stringham, Heather M %A Sun, Qi %A Swift, Amy J %A Thorand, Barbara %A Tichet, Jean %A Tuomi, Tiinamaija %A van Dam, Rob M %A van Haeften, Timon W %A van Herpt, Thijs %A van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V %A Walters, G Bragi %A Weedon, Michael N %A Wijmenga, Cisca %A Witteman, Jacqueline %A Bergman, Richard N %A Cauchi, Stephane %A Collins, Francis S %A Gloyn, Anna L %A Gyllensten, Ulf %A Hansen, Torben %A Hide, Winston A %A Hitman, Graham A %A Hofman, Albert %A Hunter, David J %A Hveem, Kristian %A Laakso, Markku %A Morris, Andrew D %A Palmer, Colin N A %A Rudan, Igor %A Sijbrands, Eric %A Stein, Lincoln D %A Tuomilehto, Jaakko %A Uitterlinden, Andre %A Walker, Mark %A Watanabe, Richard M %A Abecasis, Goncalo R %A Boehm, Bernhard O %A Campbell, Harry %A Daly, Mark J %A Hattersley, Andrew T %A Pedersen, Oluf %A Barroso, Inês %A Groop, Leif %A Sladek, Rob %A Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur %A Wilson, James F %A Illig, Thomas %A Froguel, Philippe %A van Duijn, Cornelia M %A Stefansson, Kari %A Altshuler, David %A Boehnke, Michael %A McCarthy, Mark I %A Soranzo, Nicole %A Wheeler, Eleanor %A Glazer, Nicole L %A Bouatia-Naji, Nabila %A Mägi, Reedik %A Randall, Joshua %A Elliott, Paul %A Rybin, Denis %A Dehghan, Abbas %A Hottenga, Jouke Jan %A Song, Kijoung %A Goel, Anuj %A Lajunen, Taina %A Doney, Alex %A Cavalcanti-Proença, Christine %A Kumari, Meena %A Timpson, Nicholas J %A Zabena, Carina %A Ingelsson, Erik %A An, Ping %A O'Connell, Jeffrey %A Luan, Jian'an %A Elliott, Amanda %A McCarroll, Steven A %A Roccasecca, Rosa Maria %A Pattou, François %A Sethupathy, Praveen %A Ariyurek, Yavuz %A Barter, Philip %A Beilby, John P %A Ben-Shlomo, Yoav %A Bergmann, Sven %A Bochud, Murielle %A Bonnefond, Amélie %A Borch-Johnsen, Knut %A Böttcher, Yvonne %A Brunner, Eric %A Bumpstead, Suzannah J %A Chen, Yii-Der Ida %A Chines, Peter %A Clarke, Robert %A Coin, Lachlan J M %A Cooper, Matthew N %A Crisponi, Laura %A Day, Ian N M %A de Geus, Eco J C %A Delplanque, Jerome %A Fedson, Annette C %A Fischer-Rosinsky, Antje %A Forouhi, Nita G %A Franzosi, Maria Grazia %A Galan, Pilar %A Goodarzi, Mark O %A Graessler, Jürgen %A Grundy, Scott %A Gwilliam, Rhian %A Hallmans, Göran %A Hammond, Naomi %A Han, Xijing %A Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa %A Hayward, Caroline %A Heath, Simon C %A Hercberg, Serge %A Hillman, David R %A Hingorani, Aroon D %A Hui, Jennie %A Hung, Joe %A Kaakinen, Marika %A Kaprio, Jaakko %A Kesaniemi, Y Antero %A Kivimaki, Mika %A Knight, Beatrice %A Koskinen, Seppo %A Kovacs, Peter %A Kyvik, Kirsten Ohm %A Lathrop, G Mark %A Lawlor, Debbie A %A Le Bacquer, Olivier %A Lecoeur, Cécile %A Li, Yun %A Mahley, Robert %A Mangino, Massimo %A Martínez-Larrad, María Teresa %A McAteer, Jarred B %A McPherson, Ruth %A Meisinger, Christa %A Melzer, David %A Meyre, David %A Mitchell, Braxton D %A Mukherjee, Sutapa %A Naitza, Silvia %A Neville, Matthew J %A Orrù, Marco %A Pakyz, Ruth %A Paolisso, Giuseppe %A Pattaro, Cristian %A Pearson, Daniel %A Peden, John F %A Pedersen, Nancy L %A Pfeiffer, Andreas F H %A Pichler, Irene %A Polasek, Ozren %A Posthuma, Danielle %A Potter, Simon C %A Pouta, Anneli %A Province, Michael A %A Rayner, Nigel W %A Rice, Kenneth %A Ripatti, Samuli %A Rivadeneira, Fernando %A Rolandsson, Olov %A Sandbaek, Annelli %A Sandhu, Manjinder %A Sanna, Serena %A Sayer, Avan Aihie %A Scheet, Paul %A Seedorf, Udo %A Sharp, Stephen J %A Shields, Beverley %A Sigurðsson, Gunnar %A Sijbrands, Eric J G %A Silveira, Angela %A Simpson, Laila %A Singleton, Andrew %A Smith, Nicholas L %A Sovio, Ulla %A Swift, Amy %A Syddall, Holly %A Syvänen, Ann-Christine %A Tönjes, Anke %A Uitterlinden, André G %A van Dijk, Ko Willems %A Varma, Dhiraj %A Visvikis-Siest, Sophie %A Vitart, Veronique %A Vogelzangs, Nicole %A Waeber, Gérard %A Wagner, Peter J %A Walley, Andrew %A Ward, Kim L %A Watkins, Hugh %A Wild, Sarah H %A Willemsen, Gonneke %A Witteman, Jaqueline C M %A Yarnell, John W G %A Zelenika, Diana %A Zethelius, Björn %A Zhai, Guangju %A Zhao, Jing Hua %A Zillikens, M Carola %A Borecki, Ingrid B %A Meneton, Pierre %A Magnusson, Patrik K E %A Nathan, David M %A Williams, Gordon H %A Silander, Kaisa %A Bornstein, Stefan R %A Schwarz, Peter %A Spranger, Joachim %A Karpe, Fredrik %A Shuldiner, Alan R %A Cooper, Cyrus %A Serrano-Ríos, Manuel %A Lind, Lars %A Palmer, Lyle J %A Hu, Frank B %A Franks, Paul W %A Ebrahim, Shah %A Marmot, Michael %A Kao, W H Linda %A Pramstaller, Peter Paul %A Wright, Alan F %A Stumvoll, Michael %A Hamsten, Anders %A Buchanan, Thomas A %A Valle, Timo T %A Rotter, Jerome I %A Penninx, Brenda W J H %A Boomsma, Dorret I %A Cao, Antonio %A Scuteri, Angelo %A Schlessinger, David %A Uda, Manuela %A Ruokonen, Aimo %A Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta %A Peltonen, Leena %A Mooser, Vincent %A Sladek, Robert %A Musunuru, Kiran %A Smith, Albert V %A Edmondson, Andrew C %A Stylianou, Ioannis M %A Koseki, Masahiro %A Pirruccello, James P %A Chasman, Daniel I %A Johansen, Christopher T %A Fouchier, Sigrid W %A Peloso, Gina M %A Barbalic, Maja %A Ricketts, Sally L %A Bis, Joshua C %A Feitosa, Mary F %A Orho-Melander, Marju %A Melander, Olle %A Li, Xiaohui %A Li, Mingyao %A Cho, Yoon Shin %A Go, Min Jin %A Kim, Young Jin %A Lee, Jong-Young %A Park, Taesung %A Kim, Kyunga %A Sim, Xueling %A Ong, Rick Twee-Hee %A Croteau-Chonka, Damien C %A Lange, Leslie A %A Smith, Joshua D %A Ziegler, Andreas %A Zhang, Weihua %A Zee, Robert Y L %A Whitfield, John B %A Thompson, John R %A Surakka, Ida %A Spector, Tim D %A Smit, Johannes H %A Sinisalo, Juha %A Scott, James %A Saharinen, Juha %A Sabatti, Chiara %A Rose, Lynda M %A Roberts, Robert %A Rieder, Mark %A Parker, Alex N %A Paré, Guillaume %A O'Donnell, Christopher J %A Nieminen, Markku S %A Nickerson, Deborah A %A Montgomery, Grant W %A McArdle, Wendy %A Masson, David %A Martin, Nicholas G %A Marroni, Fabio %A Lucas, Gavin %A Luben, Robert %A Lokki, Marja-Liisa %A Lettre, Guillaume %A Launer, Lenore J %A Lakatta, Edward G %A Laaksonen, Reijo %A Kyvik, Kirsten O %A König, Inke R %A Khaw, Kay-Tee %A Kaplan, Lee M %A Johansson, Asa %A Janssens, A Cecile J W %A Igl, Wilmar %A Hovingh, G Kees %A Hengstenberg, Christian %A Havulinna, Aki S %A Hastie, Nicholas D %A Harris, Tamara B %A Haritunians, Talin %A Hall, Alistair S %A Groop, Leif C %A Gonzalez, Elena %A Freimer, Nelson B %A Erdmann, Jeanette %A Ejebe, Kenechi G %A Döring, Angela %A Dominiczak, Anna F %A Demissie, Serkalem %A Deloukas, Panagiotis %A de Faire, Ulf %A Crawford, Gabriel %A Chen, Yii-der I %A Caulfield, Mark J %A Boekholdt, S Matthijs %A Assimes, Themistocles L %A Quertermous, Thomas %A Seielstad, Mark %A Wong, Tien Y %A Tai, E-Shyong %A Feranil, Alan B %A Kuzawa, Christopher W %A Taylor, Herman A %A Gabriel, Stacey B %A Holm, Hilma %A Gudnason, Vilmundur %A Krauss, Ronald M %A Ordovas, Jose M %A Munroe, Patricia B %A Kooner, Jaspal S %A Tall, Alan R %A Hegele, Robert A %A Kastelein, John J P %A Schadt, Eric E %A Strachan, David P %A Reilly, Muredach P %A Samani, Nilesh J %A Schunkert, Heribert %A Cupples, L Adrienne %A Sandhu, Manjinder S %A Ridker, Paul M %A Rader, Daniel J %A Kathiresan, Sekar %K Adiponectin %K African Americans %K Asian Continental Ancestry Group %K Cholesterol, HDL %K Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 %K European Continental Ancestry Group %K Female %K Gene Expression %K Genetic Predisposition to Disease %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Glucose Tolerance Test %K Humans %K Insulin Resistance %K Male %K Metabolic Networks and Pathways %K Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide %K Waist-Hip Ratio %X

Circulating levels of adiponectin, a hormone produced predominantly by adipocytes, are highly heritable and are inversely associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and other metabolic traits. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in 39,883 individuals of European ancestry to identify genes associated with metabolic disease. We identified 8 novel loci associated with adiponectin levels and confirmed 2 previously reported loci (P = 4.5×10(-8)-1.2×10(-43)). Using a novel method to combine data across ethnicities (N = 4,232 African Americans, N = 1,776 Asians, and N = 29,347 Europeans), we identified two additional novel loci. Expression analyses of 436 human adipocyte samples revealed that mRNA levels of 18 genes at candidate regions were associated with adiponectin concentrations after accounting for multiple testing (p<3×10(-4)). We next developed a multi-SNP genotypic risk score to test the association of adiponectin decreasing risk alleles on metabolic traits and diseases using consortia-level meta-analytic data. This risk score was associated with increased risk of T2D (p = 4.3×10(-3), n = 22,044), increased triglycerides (p = 2.6×10(-14), n = 93,440), increased waist-to-hip ratio (p = 1.8×10(-5), n = 77,167), increased glucose two hours post oral glucose tolerance testing (p = 4.4×10(-3), n = 15,234), increased fasting insulin (p = 0.015, n = 48,238), but with lower in HDL-cholesterol concentrations (p = 4.5×10(-13), n = 96,748) and decreased BMI (p = 1.4×10(-4), n = 121,335). These findings identify novel genetic determinants of adiponectin levels, which, taken together, influence risk of T2D and markers of insulin resistance.

%B PLoS Genet %V 8 %P e1002607 %8 2012 %G eng %N 3 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22479202?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002607 %0 Journal Article %J Hum Mol Genet %D 2014 %T FTO genetic variants, dietary intake and body mass index: insights from 177,330 individuals. %A Qi, Qibin %A Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O %A Downer, Mary K %A Tanaka, Toshiko %A Smith, Caren E %A Sluijs, Ivonne %A Sonestedt, Emily %A Chu, Audrey Y %A Renstrom, Frida %A Lin, Xiaochen %A Ängquist, Lars H %A Huang, Jinyan %A Liu, Zhonghua %A Li, Yanping %A Asif Ali, Muhammad %A Xu, Min %A Ahluwalia, Tarunveer Singh %A Boer, Jolanda M A %A Chen, Peng %A Daimon, Makoto %A Eriksson, Johan %A Perola, Markus %A Friedlander, Yechiel %A Gao, Yu-Tang %A Heppe, Denise H M %A Holloway, John W %A Houston, Denise K %A Kanoni, Stavroula %A Kim, Yu-Mi %A Laaksonen, Maarit A %A Jääskeläinen, Tiina %A Lee, Nanette R %A Lehtimäki, Terho %A Lemaitre, Rozenn N %A Lu, Wei %A Luben, Robert N %A Manichaikul, Ani %A Männistö, Satu %A Marques-Vidal, Pedro %A Monda, Keri L %A Ngwa, Julius S %A Perusse, Louis %A van Rooij, Frank J A %A Xiang, Yong-Bing %A Wen, Wanqing %A Wojczynski, Mary K %A Zhu, Jingwen %A Borecki, Ingrid B %A Bouchard, Claude %A Cai, Qiuyin %A Cooper, Cyrus %A Dedoussis, George V %A Deloukas, Panos %A Ferrucci, Luigi %A Forouhi, Nita G %A Hansen, Torben %A Christiansen, Lene %A Hofman, Albert %A Johansson, Ingegerd %A Jørgensen, Torben %A Karasawa, Shigeru %A Khaw, Kay-Tee %A Kim, Mi-Kyung %A Kristiansson, Kati %A Li, Huaixing %A Lin, Xu %A Liu, Yongmei %A Lohman, Kurt K %A Long, Jirong %A Mikkilä, Vera %A Mozaffarian, Dariush %A North, Kari %A Pedersen, Oluf %A Raitakari, Olli %A Rissanen, Harri %A Tuomilehto, Jaakko %A van der Schouw, Yvonne T %A Uitterlinden, André G %A Zillikens, M Carola %A Franco, Oscar H %A Shyong Tai, E %A Ou Shu, Xiao %A Siscovick, David S %A Toft, Ulla %A Verschuren, W M Monique %A Vollenweider, Peter %A Wareham, Nicholas J %A Witteman, Jacqueline C M %A Zheng, Wei %A Ridker, Paul M %A Kang, Jae H %A Liang, Liming %A Jensen, Majken K %A Curhan, Gary C %A Pasquale, Louis R %A Hunter, David J %A Mohlke, Karen L %A Uusitupa, Matti %A Cupples, L Adrienne %A Rankinen, Tuomo %A Orho-Melander, Marju %A Wang, Tao %A Chasman, Daniel I %A Franks, Paul W %A Sørensen, Thorkild I A %A Hu, Frank B %A Loos, Ruth J F %A Nettleton, Jennifer A %A Qi, Lu %K Adult %K African Americans %K Aged %K Alleles %K Asian Continental Ancestry Group %K Body Mass Index %K Dietary Carbohydrates %K Dietary Fats %K Dietary Proteins %K Energy Intake %K European Continental Ancestry Group %K Female %K Gene Frequency %K Humans %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Obesity %K Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide %K Proteins %X

FTO is the strongest known genetic susceptibility locus for obesity. Experimental studies in animals suggest the potential roles of FTO in regulating food intake. The interactive relation among FTO variants, dietary intake and body mass index (BMI) is complex and results from previous often small-scale studies in humans are highly inconsistent. We performed large-scale analyses based on data from 177,330 adults (154 439 Whites, 5776 African Americans and 17 115 Asians) from 40 studies to examine: (i) the association between the FTO-rs9939609 variant (or a proxy single-nucleotide polymorphism) and total energy and macronutrient intake and (ii) the interaction between the FTO variant and dietary intake on BMI. The minor allele (A-allele) of the FTO-rs9939609 variant was associated with higher BMI in Whites (effect per allele = 0.34 [0.31, 0.37] kg/m(2), P = 1.9 × 10(-105)), and all participants (0.30 [0.30, 0.35] kg/m(2), P = 3.6 × 10(-107)). The BMI-increasing allele of the FTO variant showed a significant association with higher dietary protein intake (effect per allele = 0.08 [0.06, 0.10] %, P = 2.4 × 10(-16)), and relative weak associations with lower total energy intake (-6.4 [-10.1, -2.6] kcal/day, P = 0.001) and lower dietary carbohydrate intake (-0.07 [-0.11, -0.02] %, P = 0.004). The associations with protein (P = 7.5 × 10(-9)) and total energy (P = 0.002) were attenuated but remained significant after adjustment for BMI. We did not find significant interactions between the FTO variant and dietary intake of total energy, protein, carbohydrate or fat on BMI. Our findings suggest a positive association between the BMI-increasing allele of FTO variant and higher dietary protein intake and offer insight into potential link between FTO, dietary protein intake and adiposity.

%B Hum Mol Genet %V 23 %P 6961-72 %8 2014 Dec 20 %G eng %N 25 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25104851?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1093/hmg/ddu411 %0 Journal Article %J PLoS Genet %D 2014 %T Identification of novel genetic Loci associated with thyroid peroxidase antibodies and clinical thyroid disease. %A Medici, Marco %A Porcu, Eleonora %A Pistis, Giorgio %A Teumer, Alexander %A Brown, Suzanne J %A Jensen, Richard A %A Rawal, Rajesh %A Roef, Greet L %A Plantinga, Theo S %A Vermeulen, Sita H %A Lahti, Jari %A Simmonds, Matthew J %A Husemoen, Lise Lotte N %A Freathy, Rachel M %A Shields, Beverley M %A Pietzner, Diana %A Nagy, Rebecca %A Broer, Linda %A Chaker, Layal %A Korevaar, Tim I M %A Plia, Maria Grazia %A Sala, Cinzia %A Völker, Uwe %A Richards, J Brent %A Sweep, Fred C %A Gieger, Christian %A Corre, Tanguy %A Kajantie, Eero %A Thuesen, Betina %A Taes, Youri E %A Visser, W Edward %A Hattersley, Andrew T %A Kratzsch, Jürgen %A Hamilton, Alexander %A Li, Wei %A Homuth, Georg %A Lobina, Monia %A Mariotti, Stefano %A Soranzo, Nicole %A Cocca, Massimiliano %A Nauck, Matthias %A Spielhagen, Christin %A Ross, Alec %A Arnold, Alice %A van de Bunt, Martijn %A Liyanarachchi, Sandya %A Heier, Margit %A Grabe, Hans Jörgen %A Masciullo, Corrado %A Galesloot, Tessel E %A Lim, Ee M %A Reischl, Eva %A Leedman, Peter J %A Lai, Sandra %A Delitala, Alessandro %A Bremner, Alexandra P %A Philips, David I W %A Beilby, John P %A Mulas, Antonella %A Vocale, Matteo %A Abecasis, Goncalo %A Forsen, Tom %A James, Alan %A Widen, Elisabeth %A Hui, Jennie %A Prokisch, Holger %A Rietzschel, Ernst E %A Palotie, Aarno %A Feddema, Peter %A Fletcher, Stephen J %A Schramm, Katharina %A Rotter, Jerome I %A Kluttig, Alexander %A Radke, Dörte %A Traglia, Michela %A Surdulescu, Gabriela L %A He, Huiling %A Franklyn, Jayne A %A Tiller, Daniel %A Vaidya, Bijay %A De Meyer, Tim %A Jørgensen, Torben %A Eriksson, Johan G %A O'Leary, Peter C %A Wichmann, Eric %A Hermus, Ad R %A Psaty, Bruce M %A Ittermann, Till %A Hofman, Albert %A Bosi, Emanuele %A Schlessinger, David %A Wallaschofski, Henri %A Pirastu, Nicola %A Aulchenko, Yurii S %A de la Chapelle, Albert %A Netea-Maier, Romana T %A Gough, Stephen C L %A Meyer Zu Schwabedissen, Henriette %A Frayling, Timothy M %A Kaufman, Jean-Marc %A Linneberg, Allan %A Räikkönen, Katri %A Smit, Johannes W A %A Kiemeney, Lambertus A %A Rivadeneira, Fernando %A Uitterlinden, André G %A Walsh, John P %A Meisinger, Christa %A den Heijer, Martin %A Visser, Theo J %A Spector, Timothy D %A Wilson, Scott G %A Völzke, Henry %A Cappola, Anne %A Toniolo, Daniela %A Sanna, Serena %A Naitza, Silvia %A Peeters, Robin P %K Autoantibodies %K Genetic Loci %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Graves Disease %K Hashimoto Disease %K Humans %K Iodide Peroxidase %K Risk Factors %K Thyroiditis, Autoimmune %K Thyrotropin %X

Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are common, affecting 2-5% of the general population. Individuals with positive thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAbs) have an increased risk of autoimmune hypothyroidism (Hashimoto's thyroiditis), as well as autoimmune hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease). As the possible causative genes of TPOAbs and AITD remain largely unknown, we performed GWAS meta-analyses in 18,297 individuals for TPOAb-positivity (1769 TPOAb-positives and 16,528 TPOAb-negatives) and in 12,353 individuals for TPOAb serum levels, with replication in 8,990 individuals. Significant associations (P<5×10(-8)) were detected at TPO-rs11675434, ATXN2-rs653178, and BACH2-rs10944479 for TPOAb-positivity, and at TPO-rs11675434, MAGI3-rs1230666, and KALRN-rs2010099 for TPOAb levels. Individual and combined effects (genetic risk scores) of these variants on (subclinical) hypo- and hyperthyroidism, goiter and thyroid cancer were studied. Individuals with a high genetic risk score had, besides an increased risk of TPOAb-positivity (OR: 2.18, 95% CI 1.68-2.81, P = 8.1×10(-8)), a higher risk of increased thyroid-stimulating hormone levels (OR: 1.51, 95% CI 1.26-1.82, P = 2.9×10(-6)), as well as a decreased risk of goiter (OR: 0.77, 95% CI 0.66-0.89, P = 6.5×10(-4)). The MAGI3 and BACH2 variants were associated with an increased risk of hyperthyroidism, which was replicated in an independent cohort of patients with Graves' disease (OR: 1.37, 95% CI 1.22-1.54, P = 1.2×10(-7) and OR: 1.25, 95% CI 1.12-1.39, P = 6.2×10(-5)). The MAGI3 variant was also associated with an increased risk of hypothyroidism (OR: 1.57, 95% CI 1.18-2.10, P = 1.9×10(-3)). This first GWAS meta-analysis for TPOAbs identified five newly associated loci, three of which were also associated with clinical thyroid disease. With these markers we identified a large subgroup in the general population with a substantially increased risk of TPOAbs. The results provide insight into why individuals with thyroid autoimmunity do or do not eventually develop thyroid disease, and these markers may therefore predict which TPOAb-positives are particularly at risk of developing clinical thyroid dysfunction.

%B PLoS Genet %V 10 %P e1004123 %8 2014 Feb %G eng %N 2 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24586183?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004123 %0 Journal Article %J Am J Clin Nutr %D 2015 %T Habitual sleep duration is associated with BMI and macronutrient intake and may be modified by CLOCK genetic variants. %A Dashti, Hassan S %A Follis, Jack L %A Smith, Caren E %A Tanaka, Toshiko %A Cade, Brian E %A Gottlieb, Daniel J %A Hruby, Adela %A Jacques, Paul F %A Lamon-Fava, Stefania %A Richardson, Kris %A Saxena, Richa %A Scheer, Frank A J L %A Kovanen, Leena %A Bartz, Traci M %A Perälä, Mia-Maria %A Jonsson, Anna %A Frazier-Wood, Alexis C %A Kalafati, Ioanna-Panagiota %A Mikkilä, Vera %A Partonen, Timo %A Lemaitre, Rozenn N %A Lahti, Jari %A Hernandez, Dena G %A Toft, Ulla %A Johnson, W Craig %A Kanoni, Stavroula %A Raitakari, Olli T %A Perola, Markus %A Psaty, Bruce M %A Ferrucci, Luigi %A Grarup, Niels %A Highland, Heather M %A Rallidis, Loukianos %A Kähönen, Mika %A Havulinna, Aki S %A Siscovick, David S %A Räikkönen, Katri %A Jørgensen, Torben %A Rotter, Jerome I %A Deloukas, Panos %A Viikari, Jorma S A %A Mozaffarian, Dariush %A Linneberg, Allan %A Seppälä, Ilkka %A Hansen, Torben %A Salomaa, Veikko %A Gharib, Sina A %A Eriksson, Johan G %A Bandinelli, Stefania %A Pedersen, Oluf %A Rich, Stephen S %A Dedoussis, George %A Lehtimäki, Terho %A Ordovas, Jose M %K Adult %K Body Mass Index %K CLOCK Proteins %K Cohort Studies %K Cross-Sectional Studies %K Diet %K Dietary Proteins %K Energy Intake %K European Continental Ancestry Group %K Fatty Acids, Unsaturated %K Female %K Gene-Environment Interaction %K Genetic Predisposition to Disease %K Humans %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Obesity %K Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide %K Sleep %K Young Adult %X

BACKGROUND: Short sleep duration has been associated with greater risks of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Also, common genetic variants in the human Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (CLOCK) show associations with ghrelin and total energy intake.

OBJECTIVES: We examined associations between habitual sleep duration, body mass index (BMI), and macronutrient intake and assessed whether CLOCK variants modify these associations.

DESIGN: We conducted inverse-variance weighted, fixed-effect meta-analyses of results of adjusted associations of sleep duration and BMI and macronutrient intake as percentages of total energy as well as interactions with CLOCK variants from 9 cohort studies including up to 14,906 participants of European descent from the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology Consortium.

RESULTS: We observed a significant association between sleep duration and lower BMI (β ± SE = 0.16 ± 0.04, P < 0.0001) in the overall sample; however, associations between sleep duration and relative macronutrient intake were evident in age- and sex-stratified analyses only. We observed a significant association between sleep duration and lower saturated fatty acid intake in younger (aged 20-64 y) adults (men: 0.11 ± 0.06%, P = 0.03; women: 0.10 ± 0.05%, P = 0.04) and with lower carbohydrate (-0.31 ± 0.12%, P < 0.01), higher total fat (0.18 ± 0.09%, P = 0.05), and higher PUFA (0.05 ± 0.02%, P = 0.02) intakes in older (aged 65-80 y) women. In addition, the following 2 nominally significant interactions were observed: between sleep duration and rs12649507 on PUFA intake and between sleep duration and rs6858749 on protein intake.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that longer habitual sleep duration is associated with lower BMI and age- and sex-specific favorable dietary behaviors. Differences in the relative intake of specific macronutrients associated with short sleep duration could, at least in part, explain previously reported associations between short sleep duration and chronic metabolic abnormalities. In addition, the influence of obesity-associated CLOCK variants on the association between sleep duration and macronutrient intake suggests that longer habitual sleep duration could ameliorate the genetic predisposition to obesity via a favorable dietary profile.

%B Am J Clin Nutr %V 101 %P 135-43 %8 2015 Jan %G eng %N 1 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25527757?dopt=Abstract %R 10.3945/ajcn.114.095026 %0 Journal Article %J Nat Commun %D 2015 %T Low-frequency and rare exome chip variants associate with fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes susceptibility. %A Wessel, Jennifer %A Chu, Audrey Y %A Willems, Sara M %A Wang, Shuai %A Yaghootkar, Hanieh %A Brody, Jennifer A %A Dauriz, Marco %A Hivert, Marie-France %A Raghavan, Sridharan %A Lipovich, Leonard %A Hidalgo, Bertha %A Fox, Keolu %A Huffman, Jennifer E %A An, Ping %A Lu, Yingchang %A Rasmussen-Torvik, Laura J %A Grarup, Niels %A Ehm, Margaret G %A Li, Li %A Baldridge, Abigail S %A Stančáková, Alena %A Abrol, Ravinder %A Besse, Céline %A Boland, Anne %A Bork-Jensen, Jette %A Fornage, Myriam %A Freitag, Daniel F %A Garcia, Melissa E %A Guo, Xiuqing %A Hara, Kazuo %A Isaacs, Aaron %A Jakobsdottir, Johanna %A Lange, Leslie A %A Layton, Jill C %A Li, Man %A Hua Zhao, Jing %A Meidtner, Karina %A Morrison, Alanna C %A Nalls, Mike A %A Peters, Marjolein J %A Sabater-Lleal, Maria %A Schurmann, Claudia %A Silveira, Angela %A Smith, Albert V %A Southam, Lorraine %A Stoiber, Marcus H %A Strawbridge, Rona J %A Taylor, Kent D %A Varga, Tibor V %A Allin, Kristine H %A Amin, Najaf %A Aponte, Jennifer L %A Aung, Tin %A Barbieri, Caterina %A Bihlmeyer, Nathan A %A Boehnke, Michael %A Bombieri, Cristina %A Bowden, Donald W %A Burns, Sean M %A Chen, Yuning %A Chen, Yii-DerI %A Cheng, Ching-Yu %A Correa, Adolfo %A Czajkowski, Jacek %A Dehghan, Abbas %A Ehret, Georg B %A Eiriksdottir, Gudny %A Escher, Stefan A %A Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni %A Frånberg, Mattias %A Gambaro, Giovanni %A Giulianini, Franco %A Goddard, William A %A Goel, Anuj %A Gottesman, Omri %A Grove, Megan L %A Gustafsson, Stefan %A Hai, Yang %A Hallmans, Göran %A Heo, Jiyoung %A Hoffmann, Per %A Ikram, Mohammad K %A Jensen, Richard A %A Jørgensen, Marit E %A Jørgensen, Torben %A Karaleftheri, Maria %A Khor, Chiea C %A Kirkpatrick, Andrea %A Kraja, Aldi T %A Kuusisto, Johanna %A Lange, Ethan M %A Lee, I T %A Lee, Wen-Jane %A Leong, Aaron %A Liao, Jiemin %A Liu, Chunyu %A Liu, Yongmei %A Lindgren, Cecilia M %A Linneberg, Allan %A Malerba, Giovanni %A Mamakou, Vasiliki %A Marouli, Eirini %A Maruthur, Nisa M %A Matchan, Angela %A McKean-Cowdin, Roberta %A McLeod, Olga %A Metcalf, Ginger A %A Mohlke, Karen L %A Muzny, Donna M %A Ntalla, Ioanna %A Palmer, Nicholette D %A Pasko, Dorota %A Peter, Andreas %A Rayner, Nigel W %A Renstrom, Frida %A Rice, Ken %A Sala, Cinzia F %A Sennblad, Bengt %A Serafetinidis, Ioannis %A Smith, Jennifer A %A Soranzo, Nicole %A Speliotes, Elizabeth K %A Stahl, Eli A %A Stirrups, Kathleen %A Tentolouris, Nikos %A Thanopoulou, Anastasia %A Torres, Mina %A Traglia, Michela %A Tsafantakis, Emmanouil %A Javad, Sundas %A Yanek, Lisa R %A Zengini, Eleni %A Becker, Diane M %A Bis, Joshua C %A Brown, James B %A Cupples, L Adrienne %A Hansen, Torben %A Ingelsson, Erik %A Karter, Andrew J %A Lorenzo, Carlos %A Mathias, Rasika A %A Norris, Jill M %A Peloso, Gina M %A Sheu, Wayne H-H %A Toniolo, Daniela %A Vaidya, Dhananjay %A Varma, Rohit %A Wagenknecht, Lynne E %A Boeing, Heiner %A Bottinger, Erwin P %A Dedoussis, George %A Deloukas, Panos %A Ferrannini, Ele %A Franco, Oscar H %A Franks, Paul W %A Gibbs, Richard A %A Gudnason, Vilmundur %A Hamsten, Anders %A Harris, Tamara B %A Hattersley, Andrew T %A Hayward, Caroline %A Hofman, Albert %A Jansson, Jan-Håkan %A Langenberg, Claudia %A Launer, Lenore J %A Levy, Daniel %A Oostra, Ben A %A O'Donnell, Christopher J %A O'Rahilly, Stephen %A Padmanabhan, Sandosh %A Pankow, James S %A Polasek, Ozren %A Province, Michael A %A Rich, Stephen S %A Ridker, Paul M %A Rudan, Igor %A Schulze, Matthias B %A Smith, Blair H %A Uitterlinden, André G %A Walker, Mark %A Watkins, Hugh %A Wong, Tien Y %A Zeggini, Eleftheria %A Laakso, Markku %A Borecki, Ingrid B %A Chasman, Daniel I %A Pedersen, Oluf %A Psaty, Bruce M %A Tai, E Shyong %A van Duijn, Cornelia M %A Wareham, Nicholas J %A Waterworth, Dawn M %A Boerwinkle, Eric %A Kao, W H Linda %A Florez, Jose C %A Loos, Ruth J F %A Wilson, James G %A Frayling, Timothy M %A Siscovick, David S %A Dupuis, Josée %A Rotter, Jerome I %A Meigs, James B %A Scott, Robert A %A Goodarzi, Mark O %K African Continental Ancestry Group %K Blood Glucose %K Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 %K European Continental Ancestry Group %K Exome %K Fasting %K Genetic Association Studies %K Genetic Loci %K Genetic Predisposition to Disease %K Genetic Variation %K Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor %K Glucose-6-Phosphatase %K Humans %K Insulin %K Mutation Rate %K Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis %K Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide %X

Fasting glucose and insulin are intermediate traits for type 2 diabetes. Here we explore the role of coding variation on these traits by analysis of variants on the HumanExome BeadChip in 60,564 non-diabetic individuals and in 16,491 T2D cases and 81,877 controls. We identify a novel association of a low-frequency nonsynonymous SNV in GLP1R (A316T; rs10305492; MAF=1.4%) with lower FG (β=-0.09±0.01 mmol l(-1), P=3.4 × 10(-12)), T2D risk (OR[95%CI]=0.86[0.76-0.96], P=0.010), early insulin secretion (β=-0.07±0.035 pmolinsulin mmolglucose(-1), P=0.048), but higher 2-h glucose (β=0.16±0.05 mmol l(-1), P=4.3 × 10(-4)). We identify a gene-based association with FG at G6PC2 (pSKAT=6.8 × 10(-6)) driven by four rare protein-coding SNVs (H177Y, Y207S, R283X and S324P). We identify rs651007 (MAF=20%) in the first intron of ABO at the putative promoter of an antisense lncRNA, associating with higher FG (β=0.02±0.004 mmol l(-1), P=1.3 × 10(-8)). Our approach identifies novel coding variant associations and extends the allelic spectrum of variation underlying diabetes-related quantitative traits and T2D susceptibility.

%B Nat Commun %V 6 %P 5897 %8 2015 %G eng %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25631608?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1038/ncomms6897 %0 Journal Article %J Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol %D 2016 %T Natriuretic peptides and integrated risk assessment for cardiovascular disease: an individual-participant-data meta-analysis. %A Willeit, Peter %A Kaptoge, Stephen %A Welsh, Paul %A Butterworth, Adam %A Chowdhury, Rajiv %A Spackman, Sarah %A Pennells, Lisa %A Gao, Pei %A Burgess, Stephen %A Freitag, Daniel %A Sweeting, Michael %A Wood, Angela %A Cook, Nancy %A Judd, Suzanne %A Trompet, Stella %A Nambi, Vijay %A Olsen, Michael %A Everett, Brendan %A Kee, Frank %A Arnlöv, Johan %A Salomaa, Veikko %A Levy, Daniel %A Kauhanen, Jussi %A Laukkanen, Jari %A Kavousi, Maryam %A Ninomiya, Toshiharu %A Casas, Juan-Pablo %A Daniels, Lori %A Lind, Lars %A Kistorp, Caroline %A Rosenberg, Jens %A Mueller, Thomas %A Rubattu, Speranza %A Panagiotakos, Demosthenes %A Franco, Oscar %A de Lemos, James %A Luchner, Andreas %A Kizer, Jorge %A Kiechl, Stefan %A Salonen, Jukka %A Goya Wannamethee, S %A de Boer, Rudolf %A Nordestgaard, Børge %A Andersson, Jonas %A Jørgensen, Torben %A Melander, Olle %A Ballantyne, Christie %A DeFilippi, Christopher %A Ridker, Paul %A Cushman, Mary %A Rosamond, Wayne %A Thompson, Simon %A Gudnason, Vilmundur %A Sattar, Naveed %A Danesh, John %A Di Angelantonio, Emanuele %K Aged %K Biomarkers %K Cardiovascular Diseases %K Female %K Humans %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Natriuretic Peptide, Brain %K Peptide Fragments %K Prospective Studies %K Risk Assessment %X

BACKGROUND: Guidelines for primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases focus on prediction of coronary heart disease and stroke. We assessed whether or not measurement of N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentration could enable a more integrated approach than at present by predicting heart failure and enhancing coronary heart disease and stroke risk assessment.

METHODS: In this individual-participant-data meta-analysis, we generated and harmonised individual-participant data from relevant prospective studies via both de-novo NT-proBNP concentration measurement of stored samples and collection of data from studies identified through a systematic search of the literature (PubMed, Scientific Citation Index Expanded, and Embase) for articles published up to Sept 4, 2014, using search terms related to natriuretic peptide family members and the primary outcomes, with no language restrictions. We calculated risk ratios and measures of risk discrimination and reclassification across predicted 10 year risk categories (ie, <5%, 5% to <7·5%, and ≥7·5%), adding assessment of NT-proBNP concentration to that of conventional risk factors (ie, age, sex, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, history of diabetes, and total and HDL cholesterol concentrations). Primary outcomes were the combination of coronary heart disease and stroke, and the combination of coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure.

FINDINGS: We recorded 5500 coronary heart disease, 4002 stroke, and 2212 heart failure outcomes among 95 617 participants without a history of cardiovascular disease in 40 prospective studies. Risk ratios (for a comparison of the top third vs bottom third of NT-proBNP concentrations, adjusted for conventional risk factors) were 1·76 (95% CI 1·56-1·98) for the combination of coronary heart disease and stroke and 2·00 (1·77-2·26) for the combination of coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure. Addition of information about NT-proBNP concentration to a model containing conventional risk factors was associated with a C-index increase of 0·012 (0·010-0·014) and a net reclassification improvement of 0·027 (0·019-0·036) for the combination of coronary heart disease and stroke and a C-index increase of 0·019 (0·016-0·022) and a net reclassification improvement of 0·028 (0·019-0·038) for the combination of coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure.

INTERPRETATION: In people without baseline cardiovascular disease, NT-proBNP concentration assessment strongly predicted first-onset heart failure and augmented coronary heart disease and stroke prediction, suggesting that NT-proBNP concentration assessment could be used to integrate heart failure into cardiovascular disease primary prevention.

FUNDING: British Heart Foundation, Austrian Science Fund, UK Medical Research Council, National Institute for Health Research, European Research Council, and European Commission Framework Programme 7.

%B Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol %V 4 %P 840-9 %8 2016 10 %G eng %N 10 %R 10.1016/S2213-8587(16)30196-6 %0 Journal Article %J Nat Commun %D 2016 %T A principal component meta-analysis on multiple anthropometric traits identifies novel loci for body shape. %A Ried, Janina S %A Jeff M, Janina %A Chu, Audrey Y %A Bragg-Gresham, Jennifer L %A van Dongen, Jenny %A Huffman, Jennifer E %A Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S %A Cadby, Gemma %A Eklund, Niina %A Eriksson, Joel %A Esko, Tõnu %A Feitosa, Mary F %A Goel, Anuj %A Gorski, Mathias %A Hayward, Caroline %A Heard-Costa, Nancy L %A Jackson, Anne U %A Jokinen, Eero %A Kanoni, Stavroula %A Kristiansson, Kati %A Kutalik, Zoltán %A Lahti, Jari %A Luan, Jian'an %A Mägi, Reedik %A Mahajan, Anubha %A Mangino, Massimo %A Medina-Gómez, Carolina %A Monda, Keri L %A Nolte, Ilja M %A Perusse, Louis %A Prokopenko, Inga %A Qi, Lu %A Rose, Lynda M %A Salvi, Erika %A Smith, Megan T %A Snieder, Harold %A Stančáková, Alena %A Ju Sung, Yun %A Tachmazidou, Ioanna %A Teumer, Alexander %A Thorleifsson, Gudmar %A van der Harst, Pim %A Walker, Ryan W %A Wang, Sophie R %A Wild, Sarah H %A Willems, Sara M %A Wong, Andrew %A Zhang, Weihua %A Albrecht, Eva %A Couto Alves, Alexessander %A Bakker, Stephan J L %A Barlassina, Cristina %A Bartz, Traci M %A Beilby, John %A Bellis, Claire %A Bergman, Richard N %A Bergmann, Sven %A Blangero, John %A Blüher, Matthias %A Boerwinkle, Eric %A Bonnycastle, Lori L %A Bornstein, Stefan R %A Bruinenberg, Marcel %A Campbell, Harry %A Chen, Yii-Der Ida %A Chiang, Charleston W K %A Chines, Peter S %A Collins, Francis S %A Cucca, Fracensco %A Cupples, L Adrienne %A D'Avila, Francesca %A de Geus, Eco J C %A Dedoussis, George %A Dimitriou, Maria %A Döring, Angela %A Eriksson, Johan G %A Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni %A Farrall, Martin %A Ferreira, Teresa %A Fischer, Krista %A Forouhi, Nita G %A Friedrich, Nele %A Gjesing, Anette Prior %A Glorioso, Nicola %A Graff, Mariaelisa %A Grallert, Harald %A Grarup, Niels %A Gräßler, Jürgen %A Grewal, Jagvir %A Hamsten, Anders %A Harder, Marie Neergaard %A Hartman, Catharina A %A Hassinen, Maija %A Hastie, Nicholas %A Hattersley, Andrew Tym %A Havulinna, Aki S %A Heliövaara, Markku %A Hillege, Hans %A Hofman, Albert %A Holmen, Oddgeir %A Homuth, Georg %A Hottenga, Jouke-Jan %A Hui, Jennie %A Husemoen, Lise Lotte %A Hysi, Pirro G %A Isaacs, Aaron %A Ittermann, Till %A Jalilzadeh, Shapour %A James, Alan L %A Jørgensen, Torben %A Jousilahti, Pekka %A Jula, Antti %A Marie Justesen, Johanne %A Justice, Anne E %A Kähönen, Mika %A Karaleftheri, Maria %A Tee Khaw, Kay %A Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M %A Kinnunen, Leena %A Knekt, Paul B %A Koistinen, Heikki A %A Kolcic, Ivana %A Kooner, Ishminder K %A Koskinen, Seppo %A Kovacs, Peter %A Kyriakou, Theodosios %A Laitinen, Tomi %A Langenberg, Claudia %A Lewin, Alexandra M %A Lichtner, Peter %A Lindgren, Cecilia M %A Lindström, Jaana %A Linneberg, Allan %A Lorbeer, Roberto %A Lorentzon, Mattias %A Luben, Robert %A Lyssenko, Valeriya %A Männistö, Satu %A Manunta, Paolo %A Leach, Irene Mateo %A McArdle, Wendy L %A McKnight, Barbara %A Mohlke, Karen L %A Mihailov, Evelin %A Milani, Lili %A Mills, Rebecca %A Montasser, May E %A Morris, Andrew P %A Müller, Gabriele %A Musk, Arthur W %A Narisu, Narisu %A Ong, Ken K %A Oostra, Ben A %A Osmond, Clive %A Palotie, Aarno %A Pankow, James S %A Paternoster, Lavinia %A Penninx, Brenda W %A Pichler, Irene %A Pilia, Maria G %A Polasek, Ozren %A Pramstaller, Peter P %A Raitakari, Olli T %A Rankinen, Tuomo %A Rao, D C %A Rayner, Nigel W %A Ribel-Madsen, Rasmus %A Rice, Treva K %A Richards, Marcus %A Ridker, Paul M %A Rivadeneira, Fernando %A Ryan, Kathy A %A Sanna, Serena %A Sarzynski, Mark A %A Scholtens, Salome %A Scott, Robert A %A Sebert, Sylvain %A Southam, Lorraine %A Sparsø, Thomas Hempel %A Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur %A Stirrups, Kathleen %A Stolk, Ronald P %A Strauch, Konstantin %A Stringham, Heather M %A Swertz, Morris A %A Swift, Amy J %A Tönjes, Anke %A Tsafantakis, Emmanouil %A van der Most, Peter J %A van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V %A Vandenput, Liesbeth %A Vartiainen, Erkki %A Venturini, Cristina %A Verweij, Niek %A Viikari, Jorma S %A Vitart, Veronique %A Vohl, Marie-Claude %A Vonk, Judith M %A Waeber, Gérard %A Widen, Elisabeth %A Willemsen, Gonneke %A Wilsgaard, Tom %A Winkler, Thomas W %A Wright, Alan F %A Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M %A Hua Zhao, Jing %A Zillikens, M Carola %A Boomsma, Dorret I %A Bouchard, Claude %A Chambers, John C %A Chasman, Daniel I %A Cusi, Daniele %A Gansevoort, Ron T %A Gieger, Christian %A Hansen, Torben %A Hicks, Andrew A %A Hu, Frank %A Hveem, Kristian %A Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta %A Kajantie, Eero %A Kooner, Jaspal S %A Kuh, Diana %A Kuusisto, Johanna %A Laakso, Markku %A Lakka, Timo A %A Lehtimäki, Terho %A Metspalu, Andres %A Njølstad, Inger %A Ohlsson, Claes %A Oldehinkel, Albertine J %A Palmer, Lyle J %A Pedersen, Oluf %A Perola, Markus %A Peters, Annette %A Psaty, Bruce M %A Puolijoki, Hannu %A Rauramaa, Rainer %A Rudan, Igor %A Salomaa, Veikko %A Schwarz, Peter E H %A Shudiner, Alan R %A Smit, Jan H %A Sørensen, Thorkild I A %A Spector, Timothy D %A Stefansson, Kari %A Stumvoll, Michael %A Tremblay, Angelo %A Tuomilehto, Jaakko %A Uitterlinden, André G %A Uusitupa, Matti %A Völker, Uwe %A Vollenweider, Peter %A Wareham, Nicholas J %A Watkins, Hugh %A Wilson, James F %A Zeggini, Eleftheria %A Abecasis, Goncalo R %A Boehnke, Michael %A Borecki, Ingrid B %A Deloukas, Panos %A van Duijn, Cornelia M %A Fox, Caroline %A Groop, Leif C %A Heid, Iris M %A Hunter, David J %A Kaplan, Robert C %A McCarthy, Mark I %A North, Kari E %A O'Connell, Jeffrey R %A Schlessinger, David %A Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur %A Strachan, David P %A Frayling, Timothy %A Hirschhorn, Joel N %A Müller-Nurasyid, Martina %A Loos, Ruth J F %K Anthropometry %K Body Size %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Genotype %K Humans %K Models, Genetic %K Principal Component Analysis %X

Large consortia have revealed hundreds of genetic loci associated with anthropometric traits, one trait at a time. We examined whether genetic variants affect body shape as a composite phenotype that is represented by a combination of anthropometric traits. We developed an approach that calculates averaged PCs (AvPCs) representing body shape derived from six anthropometric traits (body mass index, height, weight, waist and hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio). The first four AvPCs explain >99% of the variability, are heritable, and associate with cardiometabolic outcomes. We performed genome-wide association analyses for each body shape composite phenotype across 65 studies and meta-analysed summary statistics. We identify six novel loci: LEMD2 and CD47 for AvPC1, RPS6KA5/C14orf159 and GANAB for AvPC3, and ARL15 and ANP32 for AvPC4. Our findings highlight the value of using multiple traits to define complex phenotypes for discovery, which are not captured by single-trait analyses, and may shed light onto new pathways.

%B Nat Commun %V 7 %P 13357 %8 2016 11 23 %G eng %R 10.1038/ncomms13357 %0 Journal Article %J J Am Soc Nephrol %D 2016 %T SOS2 and ACP1 Loci Identified through Large-Scale Exome Chip Analysis Regulate Kidney Development and Function. %A Li, Man %A Li, Yong %A Weeks, Olivia %A Mijatovic, Vladan %A Teumer, Alexander %A Huffman, Jennifer E %A Tromp, Gerard %A Fuchsberger, Christian %A Gorski, Mathias %A Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka %A Nutile, Teresa %A Sedaghat, Sanaz %A Sorice, Rossella %A Tin, Adrienne %A Yang, Qiong %A Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S %A Arking, Dan E %A Bihlmeyer, Nathan A %A Böger, Carsten A %A Carroll, Robert J %A Chasman, Daniel I %A Cornelis, Marilyn C %A Dehghan, Abbas %A Faul, Jessica D %A Feitosa, Mary F %A Gambaro, Giovanni %A Gasparini, Paolo %A Giulianini, Franco %A Heid, Iris %A Huang, Jinyan %A Imboden, Medea %A Jackson, Anne U %A Jeff, Janina %A Jhun, Min A %A Katz, Ronit %A Kifley, Annette %A Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O %A Kumar, Ashish %A Laakso, Markku %A Li-Gao, Ruifang %A Lohman, Kurt %A Lu, Yingchang %A Mägi, Reedik %A Malerba, Giovanni %A Mihailov, Evelin %A Mohlke, Karen L %A Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O %A Robino, Antonietta %A Ruderfer, Douglas %A Salvi, Erika %A Schick, Ursula M %A Schulz, Christina-Alexandra %A Smith, Albert V %A Smith, Jennifer A %A Traglia, Michela %A Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M %A Zhao, Wei %A Goodarzi, Mark O %A Kraja, Aldi T %A Liu, Chunyu %A Wessel, Jennifer %A Boerwinkle, Eric %A Borecki, Ingrid B %A Bork-Jensen, Jette %A Bottinger, Erwin P %A Braga, Daniele %A Brandslund, Ivan %A Brody, Jennifer A %A Campbell, Archie %A Carey, David J %A Christensen, Cramer %A Coresh, Josef %A Crook, Errol %A Curhan, Gary C %A Cusi, Daniele %A de Boer, Ian H %A de Vries, Aiko P J %A Denny, Joshua C %A Devuyst, Olivier %A Dreisbach, Albert W %A Endlich, Karlhans %A Esko, Tõnu %A Franco, Oscar H %A Fulop, Tibor %A Gerhard, Glenn S %A Glümer, Charlotte %A Gottesman, Omri %A Grarup, Niels %A Gudnason, Vilmundur %A Harris, Tamara B %A Hayward, Caroline %A Hocking, Lynne %A Hofman, Albert %A Hu, Frank B %A Husemoen, Lise Lotte N %A Jackson, Rebecca D %A Jørgensen, Torben %A Jørgensen, Marit E %A Kähönen, Mika %A Kardia, Sharon L R %A König, Wolfgang %A Kooperberg, Charles %A Kriebel, Jennifer %A Launer, Lenore J %A Lauritzen, Torsten %A Lehtimäki, Terho %A Levy, Daniel %A Linksted, Pamela %A Linneberg, Allan %A Liu, Yongmei %A Loos, Ruth J F %A Lupo, Antonio %A Meisinger, Christine %A Melander, Olle %A Metspalu, Andres %A Mitchell, Paul %A Nauck, Matthias %A Nürnberg, Peter %A Orho-Melander, Marju %A Parsa, Afshin %A Pedersen, Oluf %A Peters, Annette %A Peters, Ulrike %A Polasek, Ozren %A Porteous, David %A Probst-Hensch, Nicole M %A Psaty, Bruce M %A Qi, Lu %A Raitakari, Olli T %A Reiner, Alex P %A Rettig, Rainer %A Ridker, Paul M %A Rivadeneira, Fernando %A Rossouw, Jacques E %A Schmidt, Frank %A Siscovick, David %A Soranzo, Nicole %A Strauch, Konstantin %A Toniolo, Daniela %A Turner, Stephen T %A Uitterlinden, André G %A Ulivi, Sheila %A Velayutham, Dinesh %A Völker, Uwe %A Völzke, Henry %A Waldenberger, Melanie %A Wang, Jie Jin %A Weir, David R %A Witte, Daniel %A Kuivaniemi, Helena %A Fox, Caroline S %A Franceschini, Nora %A Goessling, Wolfram %A Köttgen, Anna %A Chu, Audrey Y %X

Genome-wide association studies have identified >50 common variants associated with kidney function, but these variants do not fully explain the variation in eGFR. We performed a two-stage meta-analysis of associations between genotypes from the Illumina exome array and eGFR on the basis of serum creatinine (eGFRcrea) among participants of European ancestry from the CKDGen Consortium (nStage1: 111,666; nStage2: 48,343). In single-variant analyses, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms at seven new loci associated with eGFRcrea (PPM1J, EDEM3, ACP1, SPEG, EYA4, CYP1A1, and ATXN2L; PStage1<3.7×10(-7)), of which most were common and annotated as nonsynonymous variants. Gene-based analysis identified associations of functional rare variants in three genes with eGFRcrea, including a novel association with the SOS Ras/Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 gene, SOS2 (P=5.4×10(-8) by sequence kernel association test). Experimental follow-up in zebrafish embryos revealed changes in glomerular gene expression and renal tubule morphology in the embryonic kidney of acp1- and sos2-knockdowns. These developmental abnormalities associated with altered blood clearance rate and heightened prevalence of edema. This study expands the number of loci associated with kidney function and identifies novel genes with potential roles in kidney formation.

%B J Am Soc Nephrol %8 2016 Dec 05 %G eng %R 10.1681/ASN.2016020131 %0 Journal Article %J Eur Heart J %D 2018 %T Equalization of four cardiovascular risk algorithms after systematic recalibration: individual-participant meta-analysis of 86 prospective studies. %A Pennells, Lisa %A Kaptoge, Stephen %A Wood, Angela %A Sweeting, Mike %A Zhao, Xiaohui %A White, Ian %A Burgess, Stephen %A Willeit, Peter %A Bolton, Thomas %A Moons, Karel G M %A van der Schouw, Yvonne T %A Selmer, Randi %A Khaw, Kay-Tee %A Gudnason, Vilmundur %A Assmann, Gerd %A Amouyel, Philippe %A Salomaa, Veikko %A Kivimaki, Mika %A Nordestgaard, Børge G %A Blaha, Michael J %A Kuller, Lewis H %A Brenner, Hermann %A Gillum, Richard F %A Meisinger, Christa %A Ford, Ian %A Knuiman, Matthew W %A Rosengren, Annika %A Lawlor, Debbie A %A Völzke, Henry %A Cooper, Cyrus %A Marín Ibañez, Alejandro %A Casiglia, Edoardo %A Kauhanen, Jussi %A Cooper, Jackie A %A Rodriguez, Beatriz %A Sundström, Johan %A Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth %A Dankner, Rachel %A Nietert, Paul J %A Davidson, Karina W %A Wallace, Robert B %A Blazer, Dan G %A Björkelund, Cecilia %A Donfrancesco, Chiara %A Krumholz, Harlan M %A Nissinen, Aulikki %A Davis, Barry R %A Coady, Sean %A Whincup, Peter H %A Jørgensen, Torben %A Ducimetiere, Pierre %A Trevisan, Maurizio %A Engström, Gunnar %A Crespo, Carlos J %A Meade, Tom W %A Visser, Marjolein %A Kromhout, Daan %A Kiechl, Stefan %A Daimon, Makoto %A Price, Jackie F %A Gómez de la Cámara, Agustin %A Wouter Jukema, J %A Lamarche, Benoît %A Onat, Altan %A Simons, Leon A %A Kavousi, Maryam %A Ben-Shlomo, Yoav %A Gallacher, John %A Dekker, Jacqueline M %A Arima, Hisatomi %A Shara, Nawar %A Tipping, Robert W %A Roussel, Ronan %A Brunner, Eric J %A Koenig, Wolfgang %A Sakurai, Masaru %A Pavlovic, Jelena %A Gansevoort, Ron T %A Nagel, Dorothea %A Goldbourt, Uri %A Barr, Elizabeth L M %A Palmieri, Luigi %A Njølstad, Inger %A Sato, Shinichi %A Monique Verschuren, W M %A Varghese, Cherian V %A Graham, Ian %A Onuma, Oyere %A Greenland, Philip %A Woodward, Mark %A Ezzati, Majid %A Psaty, Bruce M %A Sattar, Naveed %A Jackson, Rod %A Ridker, Paul M %A Cook, Nancy R %A D'Agostino, Ralph B %A Thompson, Simon G %A Danesh, John %A Di Angelantonio, Emanuele %X

Aims: There is debate about the optimum algorithm for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk estimation. We conducted head-to-head comparisons of four algorithms recommended by primary prevention guidelines, before and after 'recalibration', a method that adapts risk algorithms to take account of differences in the risk characteristics of the populations being studied.

Methods and results: Using individual-participant data on 360 737 participants without CVD at baseline in 86 prospective studies from 22 countries, we compared the Framingham risk score (FRS), Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE), pooled cohort equations (PCE), and Reynolds risk score (RRS). We calculated measures of risk discrimination and calibration, and modelled clinical implications of initiating statin therapy in people judged to be at 'high' 10 year CVD risk. Original risk algorithms were recalibrated using the risk factor profile and CVD incidence of target populations. The four algorithms had similar risk discrimination. Before recalibration, FRS, SCORE, and PCE over-predicted CVD risk on average by 10%, 52%, and 41%, respectively, whereas RRS under-predicted by 10%. Original versions of algorithms classified 29-39% of individuals aged ≥40 years as high risk. By contrast, recalibration reduced this proportion to 22-24% for every algorithm. We estimated that to prevent one CVD event, it would be necessary to initiate statin therapy in 44-51 such individuals using original algorithms, in contrast to 37-39 individuals with recalibrated algorithms.

Conclusion: Before recalibration, the clinical performance of four widely used CVD risk algorithms varied substantially. By contrast, simple recalibration nearly equalized their performance and improved modelled targeting of preventive action to clinical need.

%B Eur Heart J %8 2018 Nov 22 %G eng %R 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy653 %0 Journal Article %J Nat Genet %D 2018 %T Refining the accuracy of validated target identification through coding variant fine-mapping in type 2 diabetes. %A Mahajan, Anubha %A Wessel, Jennifer %A Willems, Sara M %A Zhao, Wei %A Robertson, Neil R %A Chu, Audrey Y %A Gan, Wei %A Kitajima, Hidetoshi %A Taliun, Daniel %A Rayner, N William %A Guo, Xiuqing %A Lu, Yingchang %A Li, Man %A Jensen, Richard A %A Hu, Yao %A Huo, Shaofeng %A Lohman, Kurt K %A Zhang, Weihua %A Cook, James P %A Prins, Bram Peter %A Flannick, Jason %A Grarup, Niels %A Trubetskoy, Vassily Vladimirovich %A Kravic, Jasmina %A Kim, Young Jin %A Rybin, Denis V %A Yaghootkar, Hanieh %A Müller-Nurasyid, Martina %A Meidtner, Karina %A Li-Gao, Ruifang %A Varga, Tibor V %A Marten, Jonathan %A Li, Jin %A Smith, Albert Vernon %A An, Ping %A Ligthart, Symen %A Gustafsson, Stefan %A Malerba, Giovanni %A Demirkan, Ayse %A Tajes, Juan Fernandez %A Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur %A Wuttke, Matthias %A Lecoeur, Cécile %A Preuss, Michael %A Bielak, Lawrence F %A Graff, Marielisa %A Highland, Heather M %A Justice, Anne E %A Liu, Dajiang J %A Marouli, Eirini %A Peloso, Gina Marie %A Warren, Helen R %A Afaq, Saima %A Afzal, Shoaib %A Ahlqvist, Emma %A Almgren, Peter %A Amin, Najaf %A Bang, Lia B %A Bertoni, Alain G %A Bombieri, Cristina %A Bork-Jensen, Jette %A Brandslund, Ivan %A Brody, Jennifer A %A Burtt, Noel P %A Canouil, Mickaël %A Chen, Yii-Der Ida %A Cho, Yoon Shin %A Christensen, Cramer %A Eastwood, Sophie V %A Eckardt, Kai-Uwe %A Fischer, Krista %A Gambaro, Giovanni %A Giedraitis, Vilmantas %A Grove, Megan L %A de Haan, Hugoline G %A Hackinger, Sophie %A Hai, Yang %A Han, Sohee %A Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne %A Hivert, Marie-France %A Isomaa, Bo %A Jäger, Susanne %A Jørgensen, Marit E %A Jørgensen, Torben %A Käräjämäki, AnneMari %A Kim, Bong-Jo %A Kim, Sung Soo %A Koistinen, Heikki A %A Kovacs, Peter %A Kriebel, Jennifer %A Kronenberg, Florian %A Läll, Kristi %A Lange, Leslie A %A Lee, Jung-Jin %A Lehne, Benjamin %A Li, Huaixing %A Lin, Keng-Hung %A Linneberg, Allan %A Liu, Ching-Ti %A Liu, Jun %A Loh, Marie %A Mägi, Reedik %A Mamakou, Vasiliki %A McKean-Cowdin, Roberta %A Nadkarni, Girish %A Neville, Matt %A Nielsen, Sune F %A Ntalla, Ioanna %A Peyser, Patricia A %A Rathmann, Wolfgang %A Rice, Kenneth %A Rich, Stephen S %A Rode, Line %A Rolandsson, Olov %A Schönherr, Sebastian %A Selvin, Elizabeth %A Small, Kerrin S %A Stančáková, Alena %A Surendran, Praveen %A Taylor, Kent D %A Teslovich, Tanya M %A Thorand, Barbara %A Thorleifsson, Gudmar %A Tin, Adrienne %A Tönjes, Anke %A Varbo, Anette %A Witte, Daniel R %A Wood, Andrew R %A Yajnik, Pranav %A Yao, Jie %A Yengo, Loic %A Young, Robin %A Amouyel, Philippe %A Boeing, Heiner %A Boerwinkle, Eric %A Bottinger, Erwin P %A Chowdhury, Rajiv %A Collins, Francis S %A Dedoussis, George %A Dehghan, Abbas %A Deloukas, Panos %A Ferrario, Marco M %A Ferrieres, Jean %A Florez, Jose C %A Frossard, Philippe %A Gudnason, Vilmundur %A Harris, Tamara B %A Heckbert, Susan R %A Howson, Joanna M M %A Ingelsson, Martin %A Kathiresan, Sekar %A Kee, Frank %A Kuusisto, Johanna %A Langenberg, Claudia %A Launer, Lenore J %A Lindgren, Cecilia M %A Männistö, Satu %A Meitinger, Thomas %A Melander, Olle %A Mohlke, Karen L %A Moitry, Marie %A Morris, Andrew D %A Murray, Alison D %A de Mutsert, Renée %A Orho-Melander, Marju %A Owen, Katharine R %A Perola, Markus %A Peters, Annette %A Province, Michael A %A Rasheed, Asif %A Ridker, Paul M %A Rivadineira, Fernando %A Rosendaal, Frits R %A Rosengren, Anders H %A Salomaa, Veikko %A Sheu, Wayne H-H %A Sladek, Rob %A Smith, Blair H %A Strauch, Konstantin %A Uitterlinden, André G %A Varma, Rohit %A Willer, Cristen J %A Blüher, Matthias %A Butterworth, Adam S %A Chambers, John Campbell %A Chasman, Daniel I %A Danesh, John %A van Duijn, Cornelia %A Dupuis, Josée %A Franco, Oscar H %A Franks, Paul W %A Froguel, Philippe %A Grallert, Harald %A Groop, Leif %A Han, Bok-Ghee %A Hansen, Torben %A Hattersley, Andrew T %A Hayward, Caroline %A Ingelsson, Erik %A Kardia, Sharon L R %A Karpe, Fredrik %A Kooner, Jaspal Singh %A Köttgen, Anna %A Kuulasmaa, Kari %A Laakso, Markku %A Lin, Xu %A Lind, Lars %A Liu, Yongmei %A Loos, Ruth J F %A Marchini, Jonathan %A Metspalu, Andres %A Mook-Kanamori, Dennis %A Nordestgaard, Børge G %A Palmer, Colin N A %A Pankow, James S %A Pedersen, Oluf %A Psaty, Bruce M %A Rauramaa, Rainer %A Sattar, Naveed %A Schulze, Matthias B %A Soranzo, Nicole %A Spector, Timothy D %A Stefansson, Kari %A Stumvoll, Michael %A Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur %A Tuomi, Tiinamaija %A Tuomilehto, Jaakko %A Wareham, Nicholas J %A Wilson, James G %A Zeggini, Eleftheria %A Scott, Robert A %A Barroso, Inês %A Frayling, Timothy M %A Goodarzi, Mark O %A Meigs, James B %A Boehnke, Michael %A Saleheen, Danish %A Morris, Andrew P %A Rotter, Jerome I %A McCarthy, Mark I %X

We aggregated coding variant data for 81,412 type 2 diabetes cases and 370,832 controls of diverse ancestry, identifying 40 coding variant association signals (P < 2.2 × 10); of these, 16 map outside known risk-associated loci. We make two important observations. First, only five of these signals are driven by low-frequency variants: even for these, effect sizes are modest (odds ratio ≤1.29). Second, when we used large-scale genome-wide association data to fine-map the associated variants in their regional context, accounting for the global enrichment of complex trait associations in coding sequence, compelling evidence for coding variant causality was obtained for only 16 signals. At 13 others, the associated coding variants clearly represent 'false leads' with potential to generate erroneous mechanistic inference. Coding variant associations offer a direct route to biological insight for complex diseases and identification of validated therapeutic targets; however, appropriate mechanistic inference requires careful specification of their causal contribution to disease predisposition.

%B Nat Genet %V 50 %P 559-571 %8 2018 Apr %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1038/s41588-018-0084-1 %0 Journal Article %J Nat Genet %D 2022 %T Multi-ancestry genetic study of type 2 diabetes highlights the power of diverse populations for discovery and translation. %A Mahajan, Anubha %A Spracklen, Cassandra N %A Zhang, Weihua %A Ng, Maggie C Y %A Petty, Lauren E %A Kitajima, Hidetoshi %A Yu, Grace Z %A Rüeger, Sina %A Speidel, Leo %A Kim, Young Jin %A Horikoshi, Momoko %A Mercader, Josep M %A Taliun, Daniel %A Moon, Sanghoon %A Kwak, Soo-Heon %A Robertson, Neil R %A Rayner, Nigel W %A Loh, Marie %A Kim, Bong-Jo %A Chiou, Joshua %A Miguel-Escalada, Irene %A Della Briotta Parolo, Pietro %A Lin, Kuang %A Bragg, Fiona %A Preuss, Michael H %A Takeuchi, Fumihiko %A Nano, Jana %A Guo, Xiuqing %A Lamri, Amel %A Nakatochi, Masahiro %A Scott, Robert A %A Lee, Jung-Jin %A Huerta-Chagoya, Alicia %A Graff, Mariaelisa %A Chai, Jin-Fang %A Parra, Esteban J %A Yao, Jie %A Bielak, Lawrence F %A Tabara, Yasuharu %A Hai, Yang %A Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur %A Cook, James P %A Kals, Mart %A Grarup, Niels %A Schmidt, Ellen M %A Pan, Ian %A Sofer, Tamar %A Wuttke, Matthias %A Sarnowski, Chloe %A Gieger, Christian %A Nousome, Darryl %A Trompet, Stella %A Long, Jirong %A Sun, Meng %A Tong, Lin %A Chen, Wei-Min %A Ahmad, Meraj %A Noordam, Raymond %A Lim, Victor J Y %A Tam, Claudia H T %A Joo, Yoonjung Yoonie %A Chen, Chien-Hsiun %A Raffield, Laura M %A Lecoeur, Cécile %A Prins, Bram Peter %A Nicolas, Aude %A Yanek, Lisa R %A Chen, Guanjie %A Jensen, Richard A %A Tajuddin, Salman %A Kabagambe, Edmond K %A An, Ping %A Xiang, Anny H %A Choi, Hyeok Sun %A Cade, Brian E %A Tan, Jingyi %A Flanagan, Jack %A Abaitua, Fernando %A Adair, Linda S %A Adeyemo, Adebowale %A Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A %A Akiyama, Masato %A Anand, Sonia S %A Bertoni, Alain %A Bian, Zheng %A Bork-Jensen, Jette %A Brandslund, Ivan %A Brody, Jennifer A %A Brummett, Chad M %A Buchanan, Thomas A %A Canouil, Mickaël %A Chan, Juliana C N %A Chang, Li-Ching %A Chee, Miao-Li %A Chen, Ji %A Chen, Shyh-Huei %A Chen, Yuan-Tsong %A Chen, Zhengming %A Chuang, Lee-Ming %A Cushman, Mary %A Das, Swapan K %A de Silva, H Janaka %A Dedoussis, George %A Dimitrov, Latchezar %A Doumatey, Ayo P %A Du, Shufa %A Duan, Qing %A Eckardt, Kai-Uwe %A Emery, Leslie S %A Evans, Daniel S %A Evans, Michele K %A Fischer, Krista %A Floyd, James S %A Ford, Ian %A Fornage, Myriam %A Franco, Oscar H %A Frayling, Timothy M %A Freedman, Barry I %A Fuchsberger, Christian %A Genter, Pauline %A Gerstein, Hertzel C %A Giedraitis, Vilmantas %A González-Villalpando, Clicerio %A Gonzalez-Villalpando, Maria Elena %A Goodarzi, Mark O %A Gordon-Larsen, Penny %A Gorkin, David %A Gross, Myron %A Guo, Yu %A Hackinger, Sophie %A Han, Sohee %A Hattersley, Andrew T %A Herder, Christian %A Howard, Annie-Green %A Hsueh, Willa %A Huang, Mengna %A Huang, Wei %A Hung, Yi-Jen %A Hwang, Mi Yeong %A Hwu, Chii-Min %A Ichihara, Sahoko %A Ikram, Mohammad Arfan %A Ingelsson, Martin %A Islam, Md Tariqul %A Isono, Masato %A Jang, Hye-Mi %A Jasmine, Farzana %A Jiang, Guozhi %A Jonas, Jost B %A Jørgensen, Marit E %A Jørgensen, Torben %A Kamatani, Yoichiro %A Kandeel, Fouad R %A Kasturiratne, Anuradhani %A Katsuya, Tomohiro %A Kaur, Varinderpal %A Kawaguchi, Takahisa %A Keaton, Jacob M %A Kho, Abel N %A Khor, Chiea-Chuen %A Kibriya, Muhammad G %A Kim, Duk-Hwan %A Kohara, Katsuhiko %A Kriebel, Jennifer %A Kronenberg, Florian %A Kuusisto, Johanna %A Läll, Kristi %A Lange, Leslie A %A Lee, Myung-Shik %A Lee, Nanette R %A Leong, Aaron %A Li, Liming %A Li, Yun %A Li-Gao, Ruifang %A Ligthart, Symen %A Lindgren, Cecilia M %A Linneberg, Allan %A Liu, Ching-Ti %A Liu, Jianjun %A Locke, Adam E %A Louie, Tin %A Luan, Jian'an %A Luk, Andrea O %A Luo, Xi %A Lv, Jun %A Lyssenko, Valeriya %A Mamakou, Vasiliki %A Mani, K Radha %A Meitinger, Thomas %A Metspalu, Andres %A Morris, Andrew D %A Nadkarni, Girish N %A Nadler, Jerry L %A Nalls, Michael A %A Nayak, Uma %A Nongmaithem, Suraj S %A Ntalla, Ioanna %A Okada, Yukinori %A Orozco, Lorena %A Patel, Sanjay R %A Pereira, Mark A %A Peters, Annette %A Pirie, Fraser J %A Porneala, Bianca %A Prasad, Gauri %A Preissl, Sebastian %A Rasmussen-Torvik, Laura J %A Reiner, Alexander P %A Roden, Michael %A Rohde, Rebecca %A Roll, Kathryn %A Sabanayagam, Charumathi %A Sander, Maike %A Sandow, Kevin %A Sattar, Naveed %A Schönherr, Sebastian %A Schurmann, Claudia %A Shahriar, Mohammad %A Shi, Jinxiu %A Shin, Dong Mun %A Shriner, Daniel %A Smith, Jennifer A %A So, Wing Yee %A Stančáková, Alena %A Stilp, Adrienne M %A Strauch, Konstantin %A Suzuki, Ken %A Takahashi, Atsushi %A Taylor, Kent D %A Thorand, Barbara %A Thorleifsson, Gudmar %A Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur %A Tomlinson, Brian %A Torres, Jason M %A Tsai, Fuu-Jen %A Tuomilehto, Jaakko %A Tusié-Luna, Teresa %A Udler, Miriam S %A Valladares-Salgado, Adan %A van Dam, Rob M %A van Klinken, Jan B %A Varma, Rohit %A Vujkovic, Marijana %A Wacher-Rodarte, Niels %A Wheeler, Eleanor %A Whitsel, Eric A %A Wickremasinghe, Ananda R %A van Dijk, Ko Willems %A Witte, Daniel R %A Yajnik, Chittaranjan S %A Yamamoto, Ken %A Yamauchi, Toshimasa %A Yengo, Loic %A Yoon, Kyungheon %A Yu, Canqing %A Yuan, Jian-Min %A Yusuf, Salim %A Zhang, Liang %A Zheng, Wei %A Raffel, Leslie J %A Igase, Michiya %A Ipp, Eli %A Redline, Susan %A Cho, Yoon Shin %A Lind, Lars %A Province, Michael A %A Hanis, Craig L %A Peyser, Patricia A %A Ingelsson, Erik %A Zonderman, Alan B %A Psaty, Bruce M %A Wang, Ya-Xing %A Rotimi, Charles N %A Becker, Diane M %A Matsuda, Fumihiko %A Liu, Yongmei %A Zeggini, Eleftheria %A Yokota, Mitsuhiro %A Rich, Stephen S %A Kooperberg, Charles %A Pankow, James S %A Engert, James C %A Chen, Yii-Der Ida %A Froguel, Philippe %A Wilson, James G %A Sheu, Wayne H H %A Kardia, Sharon L R %A Wu, Jer-Yuarn %A Hayes, M Geoffrey %A Ma, Ronald C W %A Wong, Tien-Yin %A Groop, Leif %A Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O %A Chandak, Giriraj R %A Collins, Francis S %A Bharadwaj, Dwaipayan %A Paré, Guillaume %A Sale, Michèle M %A Ahsan, Habibul %A Motala, Ayesha A %A Shu, Xiao-Ou %A Park, Kyong-Soo %A Jukema, J Wouter %A Cruz, Miguel %A McKean-Cowdin, Roberta %A Grallert, Harald %A Cheng, Ching-Yu %A Bottinger, Erwin P %A Dehghan, Abbas %A Tai, E-Shyong %A Dupuis, Josée %A Kato, Norihiro %A Laakso, Markku %A Köttgen, Anna %A Koh, Woon-Puay %A Palmer, Colin N A %A Liu, Simin %A Abecasis, Goncalo %A Kooner, Jaspal S %A Loos, Ruth J F %A North, Kari E %A Haiman, Christopher A %A Florez, Jose C %A Saleheen, Danish %A Hansen, Torben %A Pedersen, Oluf %A Mägi, Reedik %A Langenberg, Claudia %A Wareham, Nicholas J %A Maeda, Shiro %A Kadowaki, Takashi %A Lee, Juyoung %A Millwood, Iona Y %A Walters, Robin G %A Stefansson, Kari %A Myers, Simon R %A Ferrer, Jorge %A Gaulton, Kyle J %A Meigs, James B %A Mohlke, Karen L %A Gloyn, Anna L %A Bowden, Donald W %A Below, Jennifer E %A Chambers, John C %A Sim, Xueling %A Boehnke, Michael %A Rotter, Jerome I %A McCarthy, Mark I %A Morris, Andrew P %K Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 %K Ethnicity %K Genetic Predisposition to Disease %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Humans %K Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide %K Risk Factors %X

We assembled an ancestrally diverse collection of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in 180,834 affected individuals and 1,159,055 controls (48.9% non-European descent) through the Diabetes Meta-Analysis of Trans-Ethnic association studies (DIAMANTE) Consortium. Multi-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis identified 237 loci attaining stringent genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10), which were delineated to 338 distinct association signals. Fine-mapping of these signals was enhanced by the increased sample size and expanded population diversity of the multi-ancestry meta-analysis, which localized 54.4% of T2D associations to a single variant with >50% posterior probability. This improved fine-mapping enabled systematic assessment of candidate causal genes and molecular mechanisms through which T2D associations are mediated, laying the foundations for functional investigations. Multi-ancestry genetic risk scores enhanced transferability of T2D prediction across diverse populations. Our study provides a step toward more effective clinical translation of T2D GWAS to improve global health for all, irrespective of genetic background.

%B Nat Genet %V 54 %P 560-572 %8 2022 May %G eng %N 5 %R 10.1038/s41588-022-01058-3 %0 Journal Article %J medRxiv %D 2023 %T Multi-ancestry genome-wide study in >2.5 million individuals reveals heterogeneity in mechanistic pathways of type 2 diabetes and complications. %A Suzuki, Ken %A Hatzikotoulas, Konstantinos %A Southam, Lorraine %A Taylor, Henry J %A Yin, Xianyong %A Lorenz, Kim M %A Mandla, Ravi %A Huerta-Chagoya, Alicia %A Rayner, Nigel W %A Bocher, Ozvan %A Ana Luiza de, S V Arruda %A Sonehara, Kyuto %A Namba, Shinichi %A Lee, Simon S K %A Preuss, Michael H %A Petty, Lauren E %A Schroeder, Philip %A Vanderwerff, Brett %A Kals, Mart %A Bragg, Fiona %A Lin, Kuang %A Guo, Xiuqing %A Zhang, Weihua %A Yao, Jie %A Kim, Young Jin %A Graff, Mariaelisa %A Takeuchi, Fumihiko %A Nano, Jana %A Lamri, Amel %A Nakatochi, Masahiro %A Moon, Sanghoon %A Scott, Robert A %A Cook, James P %A Lee, Jung-Jin %A Pan, Ian %A Taliun, Daniel %A Parra, Esteban J %A Chai, Jin-Fang %A Bielak, Lawrence F %A Tabara, Yasuharu %A Hai, Yang %A Thorleifsson, Gudmar %A Grarup, Niels %A Sofer, Tamar %A Wuttke, Matthias %A Sarnowski, Chloe %A Gieger, Christian %A Nousome, Darryl %A Trompet, Stella %A Kwak, Soo-Heon %A Long, Jirong %A Sun, Meng %A Tong, Lin %A Chen, Wei-Min %A Nongmaithem, Suraj S %A Noordam, Raymond %A Lim, Victor J Y %A Tam, Claudia H T %A Joo, Yoonjung Yoonie %A Chen, Chien-Hsiun %A Raffield, Laura M %A Prins, Bram Peter %A Nicolas, Aude %A Yanek, Lisa R %A Chen, Guanjie %A Brody, Jennifer A %A Kabagambe, Edmond %A An, Ping %A Xiang, Anny H %A Choi, Hyeok Sun %A Cade, Brian E %A Tan, Jingyi %A Alaine Broadaway, K %A Williamson, Alice %A Kamali, Zoha %A Cui, Jinrui %A Adair, Linda S %A Adeyemo, Adebowale %A Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A %A Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S %A Anand, Sonia S %A Bertoni, Alain %A Bork-Jensen, Jette %A Brandslund, Ivan %A Buchanan, Thomas A %A Burant, Charles F %A Butterworth, Adam S %A Canouil, Mickaël %A Chan, Juliana C N %A Chang, Li-Ching %A Chee, Miao-Li %A Chen, Ji %A Chen, Shyh-Huei %A Chen, Yuan-Tsong %A Chen, Zhengming %A Chuang, Lee-Ming %A Cushman, Mary %A Danesh, John %A Das, Swapan K %A Janaka de Silva, H %A Dedoussis, George %A Dimitrov, Latchezar %A Doumatey, Ayo P %A Du, Shufa %A Duan, Qing %A Eckardt, Kai-Uwe %A Emery, Leslie S %A Evans, Daniel S %A Evans, Michele K %A Fischer, Krista %A Floyd, James S %A Ford, Ian %A Franco, Oscar H %A Frayling, Timothy M %A Freedman, Barry I %A Genter, Pauline %A Gerstein, Hertzel C %A Giedraitis, Vilmantas %A González-Villalpando, Clicerio %A Gonzalez-Villalpando, Maria Elena %A Gordon-Larsen, Penny %A Gross, Myron %A Guare, Lindsay A %A Hackinger, Sophie %A Han, Sohee %A Hattersley, Andrew T %A Herder, Christian %A Horikoshi, Momoko %A Howard, Annie-Green %A Hsueh, Willa %A Huang, Mengna %A Huang, Wei %A Hung, Yi-Jen %A Hwang, Mi Yeong %A Hwu, Chii-Min %A Ichihara, Sahoko %A Ikram, Mohammad Arfan %A Ingelsson, Martin %A Islam, Md Tariqul %A Isono, Masato %A Jang, Hye-Mi %A Jasmine, Farzana %A Jiang, Guozhi %A Jonas, Jost B %A Jørgensen, Torben %A Kandeel, Fouad R %A Kasturiratne, Anuradhani %A Katsuya, Tomohiro %A Kaur, Varinderpal %A Kawaguchi, Takahisa %A Keaton, Jacob M %A Kho, Abel N %A Khor, Chiea-Chuen %A Kibriya, Muhammad G %A Kim, Duk-Hwan %A Kronenberg, Florian %A Kuusisto, Johanna %A Läll, Kristi %A Lange, Leslie A %A Lee, Kyung Min %A Lee, Myung-Shik %A Lee, Nanette R %A Leong, Aaron %A Li, Liming %A Li, Yun %A Li-Gao, Ruifang %A Lithgart, Symen %A Lindgren, Cecilia M %A Linneberg, Allan %A Liu, Ching-Ti %A Liu, Jianjun %A Locke, Adam E %A Louie, Tin %A Luan, Jian'an %A Luk, Andrea O %A Luo, Xi %A Lv, Jun %A Lynch, Julie A %A Lyssenko, Valeriya %A Maeda, Shiro %A Mamakou, Vasiliki %A Mansuri, Sohail Rafik %A Matsuda, Koichi %A Meitinger, Thomas %A Metspalu, Andres %A Mo, Huan %A Morris, Andrew D %A Nadler, Jerry L %A Nalls, Michael A %A Nayak, Uma %A Ntalla, Ioanna %A Okada, Yukinori %A Orozco, Lorena %A Patel, Sanjay R %A Patil, Snehal %A Pei, Pei %A Pereira, Mark A %A Peters, Annette %A Pirie, Fraser J %A Polikowsky, Hannah G %A Porneala, Bianca %A Prasad, Gauri %A Rasmussen-Torvik, Laura J %A Reiner, Alexander P %A Roden, Michael %A Rohde, Rebecca %A Roll, Katheryn %A Sabanayagam, Charumathi %A Sandow, Kevin %A Sankareswaran, Alagu %A Sattar, Naveed %A Schönherr, Sebastian %A Shahriar, Mohammad %A Shen, Botong %A Shi, Jinxiu %A Shin, Dong Mun %A Shojima, Nobuhiro %A Smith, Jennifer A %A So, Wing Yee %A Stančáková, Alena %A Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur %A Stilp, Adrienne M %A Strauch, Konstantin %A Taylor, Kent D %A Thorand, Barbara %A Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur %A Tomlinson, Brian %A Tran, Tam C %A Tsai, Fuu-Jen %A Tuomilehto, Jaakko %A Tusié-Luna, Teresa %A Udler, Miriam S %A Valladares-Salgado, Adan %A van Dam, Rob M %A van Klinken, Jan B %A Varma, Rohit %A Wacher-Rodarte, Niels %A Wheeler, Eleanor %A Wickremasinghe, Ananda R %A van Dijk, Ko Willems %A Witte, Daniel R %A Yajnik, Chittaranjan S %A Yamamoto, Ken %A Yamamoto, Kenichi %A Yoon, Kyungheon %A Yu, Canqing %A Yuan, Jian-Min %A Yusuf, Salim %A Zawistowski, Matthew %A Zhang, Liang %A Zheng, Wei %A Project, Biobank Japan %A BioBank, Penn Medicine %A Center, Regeneron Genetics %A Consortium, eMERGE %A Raffel, Leslie J %A Igase, Michiya %A Ipp, Eli %A Redline, Susan %A Cho, Yoon Shin %A Lind, Lars %A Province, Michael A %A Fornage, Myriam %A Hanis, Craig L %A Ingelsson, Erik %A Zonderman, Alan B %A Psaty, Bruce M %A Wang, Ya-Xing %A Rotimi, Charles N %A Becker, Diane M %A Matsuda, Fumihiko %A Liu, Yongmei %A Yokota, Mitsuhiro %A Kardia, Sharon L R %A Peyser, Patricia A %A Pankow, James S %A Engert, James C %A Bonnefond, Amélie %A Froguel, Philippe %A Wilson, James G %A Sheu, Wayne H H %A Wu, Jer-Yuarn %A Geoffrey Hayes, M %A Ma, Ronald C W %A Wong, Tien-Yin %A Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O %A Tuomi, Tiinamaija %A Chandak, Giriraj R %A Collins, Francis S %A Bharadwaj, Dwaipayan %A Paré, Guillaume %A Sale, Michèle M %A Ahsan, Habibul %A Motala, Ayesha A %A Shu, Xiao-Ou %A Park, Kyong-Soo %A Jukema, J Wouter %A Cruz, Miguel %A Chen, Yii-Der Ida %A Rich, Stephen S %A McKean-Cowdin, Roberta %A Grallert, Harald %A Cheng, Ching-Yu %A Ghanbari, Mohsen %A Tai, E-Shyong %A Dupuis, Josée %A Kato, Norihiro %A Laakso, Markku %A Köttgen, Anna %A Koh, Woon-Puay %A Bowden, Donald W %A Palmer, Colin N A %A Kooner, Jaspal S %A Kooperberg, Charles %A Liu, Simin %A North, Kari E %A Saleheen, Danish %A Hansen, Torben %A Pedersen, Oluf %A Wareham, Nicholas J %A Lee, Juyoung %A Kim, Bong-Jo %A Millwood, Iona Y %A Walters, Robin G %A Stefansson, Kari %A Goodarzi, Mark O %A Mohlke, Karen L %A Langenberg, Claudia %A Haiman, Christopher A %A Loos, Ruth J F %A Florez, Jose C %A Rader, Daniel J %A Ritchie, Marylyn D %A Zöllner, Sebastian %A Mägi, Reedik %A Denny, Joshua C %A Yamauchi, Toshimasa %A Kadowaki, Takashi %A Chambers, John C %A Ng, Maggie C Y %A Sim, Xueling %A Below, Jennifer E %A Tsao, Philip S %A Chang, Kyong-Mi %A McCarthy, Mark I %A Meigs, James B %A Mahajan, Anubha %A Spracklen, Cassandra N %A Mercader, Josep M %A Boehnke, Michael %A Rotter, Jerome I %A Vujkovic, Marijana %A Voight, Benjamin F %A Morris, Andrew P %A Zeggini, Eleftheria %X

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous disease that develops through diverse pathophysiological processes. To characterise the genetic contribution to these processes across ancestry groups, we aggregate genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from 2,535,601 individuals (39.7% non-European ancestry), including 428,452 T2D cases. We identify 1,289 independent association signals at genome-wide significance (P<5×10 ) that map to 611 loci, of which 145 loci are previously unreported. We define eight non-overlapping clusters of T2D signals characterised by distinct profiles of cardiometabolic trait associations. These clusters are differentially enriched for cell-type specific regions of open chromatin, including pancreatic islets, adipocytes, endothelial, and enteroendocrine cells. We build cluster-specific partitioned genetic risk scores (GRS) in an additional 137,559 individuals of diverse ancestry, including 10,159 T2D cases, and test their association with T2D-related vascular outcomes. Cluster-specific partitioned GRS are more strongly associated with coronary artery disease and end-stage diabetic nephropathy than an overall T2D GRS across ancestry groups, highlighting the importance of obesity-related processes in the development of vascular outcomes. Our findings demonstrate the value of integrating multi-ancestry GWAS with single-cell epigenomics to disentangle the aetiological heterogeneity driving the development and progression of T2D, which may offer a route to optimise global access to genetically-informed diabetes care.

%B medRxiv %8 2023 Mar 31 %G eng %R 10.1101/2023.03.31.23287839 %0 Journal Article %J Nature %D 2024 %T Genetic drivers of heterogeneity in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology. %A Suzuki, Ken %A Hatzikotoulas, Konstantinos %A Southam, Lorraine %A Taylor, Henry J %A Yin, Xianyong %A Lorenz, Kim M %A Mandla, Ravi %A Huerta-Chagoya, Alicia %A Melloni, Giorgio E M %A Kanoni, Stavroula %A Rayner, Nigel W %A Bocher, Ozvan %A Arruda, Ana Luiza %A Sonehara, Kyuto %A Namba, Shinichi %A Lee, Simon S K %A Preuss, Michael H %A Petty, Lauren E %A Schroeder, Philip %A Vanderwerff, Brett %A Kals, Mart %A Bragg, Fiona %A Lin, Kuang %A Guo, Xiuqing %A Zhang, Weihua %A Yao, Jie %A Kim, Young Jin %A Graff, Mariaelisa %A Takeuchi, Fumihiko %A Nano, Jana %A Lamri, Amel %A Nakatochi, Masahiro %A Moon, Sanghoon %A Scott, Robert A %A Cook, James P %A Lee, Jung-Jin %A Pan, Ian %A Taliun, Daniel %A Parra, Esteban J %A Chai, Jin-Fang %A Bielak, Lawrence F %A Tabara, Yasuharu %A Hai, Yang %A Thorleifsson, Gudmar %A Grarup, Niels %A Sofer, Tamar %A Wuttke, Matthias %A Sarnowski, Chloe %A Gieger, Christian %A Nousome, Darryl %A Trompet, Stella %A Kwak, Soo-Heon %A Long, Jirong %A Sun, Meng %A Tong, Lin %A Chen, Wei-Min %A Nongmaithem, Suraj S %A Noordam, Raymond %A Lim, Victor J Y %A Tam, Claudia H T %A Joo, Yoonjung Yoonie %A Chen, Chien-Hsiun %A Raffield, Laura M %A Prins, Bram Peter %A Nicolas, Aude %A Yanek, Lisa R %A Chen, Guanjie %A Brody, Jennifer A %A Kabagambe, Edmond %A An, Ping %A Xiang, Anny H %A Choi, Hyeok Sun %A Cade, Brian E %A Tan, Jingyi %A Broadaway, K Alaine %A Williamson, Alice %A Kamali, Zoha %A Cui, Jinrui %A Thangam, Manonanthini %A Adair, Linda S %A Adeyemo, Adebowale %A Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A %A Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S %A Anand, Sonia S %A Bertoni, Alain %A Bork-Jensen, Jette %A Brandslund, Ivan %A Buchanan, Thomas A %A Burant, Charles F %A Butterworth, Adam S %A Canouil, Mickaël %A Chan, Juliana C N %A Chang, Li-Ching %A Chee, Miao-Li %A Chen, Ji %A Chen, Shyh-Huei %A Chen, Yuan-Tsong %A Chen, Zhengming %A Chuang, Lee-Ming %A Cushman, Mary %A Danesh, John %A Das, Swapan K %A de Silva, H Janaka %A Dedoussis, George %A Dimitrov, Latchezar %A Doumatey, Ayo P %A Du, Shufa %A Duan, Qing %A Eckardt, Kai-Uwe %A Emery, Leslie S %A Evans, Daniel S %A Evans, Michele K %A Fischer, Krista %A Floyd, James S %A Ford, Ian %A Franco, Oscar H %A Frayling, Timothy M %A Freedman, Barry I %A Genter, Pauline %A Gerstein, Hertzel C %A Giedraitis, Vilmantas %A González-Villalpando, Clicerio %A Gonzalez-Villalpando, Maria Elena %A Gordon-Larsen, Penny %A Gross, Myron %A Guare, Lindsay A %A Hackinger, Sophie %A Hakaste, Liisa %A Han, Sohee %A Hattersley, Andrew T %A Herder, Christian %A Horikoshi, Momoko %A Howard, Annie-Green %A Hsueh, Willa %A Huang, Mengna %A Huang, Wei %A Hung, Yi-Jen %A Hwang, Mi Yeong %A Hwu, Chii-Min %A Ichihara, Sahoko %A Ikram, Mohammad Arfan %A Ingelsson, Martin %A Islam, Md Tariqul %A Isono, Masato %A Jang, Hye-Mi %A Jasmine, Farzana %A Jiang, Guozhi %A Jonas, Jost B %A Jørgensen, Torben %A Kamanu, Frederick K %A Kandeel, Fouad R %A Kasturiratne, Anuradhani %A Katsuya, Tomohiro %A Kaur, Varinderpal %A Kawaguchi, Takahisa %A Keaton, Jacob M %A Kho, Abel N %A Khor, Chiea-Chuen %A Kibriya, Muhammad G %A Kim, Duk-Hwan %A Kronenberg, Florian %A Kuusisto, Johanna %A Läll, Kristi %A Lange, Leslie A %A Lee, Kyung Min %A Lee, Myung-Shik %A Lee, Nanette R %A Leong, Aaron %A Li, Liming %A Li, Yun %A Li-Gao, Ruifang %A Ligthart, Symen %A Lindgren, Cecilia M %A Linneberg, Allan %A Liu, Ching-Ti %A Liu, Jianjun %A Locke, Adam E %A Louie, Tin %A Luan, Jian'an %A Luk, Andrea O %A Luo, Xi %A Lv, Jun %A Lynch, Julie A %A Lyssenko, Valeriya %A Maeda, Shiro %A Mamakou, Vasiliki %A Mansuri, Sohail Rafik %A Matsuda, Koichi %A Meitinger, Thomas %A Melander, Olle %A Metspalu, Andres %A Mo, Huan %A Morris, Andrew D %A Moura, Filipe A %A Nadler, Jerry L %A Nalls, Michael A %A Nayak, Uma %A Ntalla, Ioanna %A Okada, Yukinori %A Orozco, Lorena %A Patel, 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Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous disease that develops through diverse pathophysiological processes and molecular mechanisms that are often specific to cell type. Here, to characterize the genetic contribution to these processes across ancestry groups, we aggregate genome-wide association study data from 2,535,601 individuals (39.7% not of European ancestry), including 428,452 cases of T2D. We identify 1,289 independent association signals at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10) that map to 611 loci, of which 145 loci are, to our knowledge, previously unreported. We define eight non-overlapping clusters of T2D signals that are characterized by distinct profiles of cardiometabolic trait associations. These clusters are differentially enriched for cell-type-specific regions of open chromatin, including pancreatic islets, adipocytes, endothelial cells and enteroendocrine cells. We build cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores in a further 279,552 individuals of diverse ancestry, including 30,288 cases of T2D, and test their association with T2D-related vascular outcomes. Cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores are associated with coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease and end-stage diabetic nephropathy across ancestry groups, highlighting the importance of obesity-related processes in the development of vascular outcomes. Our findings show the value of integrating multi-ancestry genome-wide association study data with single-cell epigenomics to disentangle the aetiological heterogeneity that drives the development and progression of T2D. This might offer a route to optimize global access to genetically informed diabetes care.

%B Nature %8 2024 Feb 19 %G eng %R 10.1038/s41586-024-07019-6