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Relation of smoking with carotid artery wall thickness and stenosis in older adults. The Cardiovascular Health Study. The Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) Collaborative Research Group.

TitleRelation of smoking with carotid artery wall thickness and stenosis in older adults. The Cardiovascular Health Study. The Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) Collaborative Research Group.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication1994
AuthorsTell, GS, Polak, JF, Ward, BJ, Kittner, SJ, Savage, PJ, Robbins, J
JournalCirculation
Volume90
Issue6
Pagination2905-8
Date Published1994 Dec
ISSN0009-7322
KeywordsAged, Aged, 80 and over, Carotid Arteries, Carotid Stenosis, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Smoking, Ultrasonography
Abstract<p><b>BACKGROUND: </b>Cigarette smoking has been associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic diseases in hospital-based studies and in studies of middle-aged populations but not in population-based studies of older adults with and without clinical cardiovascular disease.</p><p><b>METHODS AND RESULTS: </b>We investigated the relation of smoking to carotid artery atherosclerotic disease, expressed as intimal-medial wall thickness and arterial lumen narrowing (stenosis) measured by ultrasound. Subjects were 5116 older adults participating in the baseline examination of the Cardiovascular Health Study, a community-based study of cardiovascular diseases in older age. With increased smoking there was significantly greater internal and common carotid wall thickening and internal carotid stenosis: current smokers > former smokers > never-smokers; for instance, the unadjusted percent stenosis was 24%, 20%, and 16%, respectively (P < .0001). A significant dose-response relation was seen with pack-years of smoking. These findings persisted after adjusting for other cardiovascular risk factors and were also confirmed when analyses were restricted to those without prevalent cardiovascular disease. The difference in internal carotid wall thickness between current smokers and nonsmokers was greater than the difference associated with 10 years of age among never-smoking participants (0.39 mm versus 0.31 mm). Among all participants, the prevalence of clinically significant (> or = 50%) internal carotid stenosis increased from 4.4% in never-smokers to 7.3% in former smokers to 9.5% in current smokers (P < .0001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS: </b>These findings extend previous reports of a positive relation between smoking and carotid artery disease to a population-based sample of older adults using several different indicators of atherosclerotic disease.</p>
Alternate JournalCirculation
PubMed ID7994837
Grant ListN01-HC-85079 / HC / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States
N01-HC-85080 / HC / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States
N01-HC-85081 / HC / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States