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Association of Smoking, Alcohol, and Obesity with Cardiovascular Death and Ischemic Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study and Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS).

TitleAssociation of Smoking, Alcohol, and Obesity with Cardiovascular Death and Ischemic Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study and Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS).
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2016
AuthorsKwon, Y, Norby, FL, Jensen, PN, Agarwal, SK, Soliman, EZ, Lip, GYH, Longstreth, WT, Alonso, A, Heckbert, SR, Chen, LY
JournalPLoS One
Volume11
Issue1
Paginatione0147065
Date Published2016
ISSN1932-6203
KeywordsAged, Alcohol Drinking, Atrial Fibrillation, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Smoking, Stroke
Abstract<p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke and cardiovascular (CV) death. Whether modifiable lifestyle risk factors are associated with these CV outcomes in AF is unknown. Among Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study and Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) participants with incident AF, we estimated the risk of composite endpoint of ischemic stroke or CV death associated with candidate modifiable risk factor (smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, or high body mass index [BMI]), and computed the C-statistic, net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) of incorporating each factor into the CHA2DS2-VASc. Among 1222 ARIC (mean age: 63.4) and 756 CHS (mean age: 79.1) participants with incident AF, during mean follow-up of 6.9 years and 5.7 years, there were 332 and 335 composite events respectively. Compared with never smokers, current smokers had a higher incidence of the composite endpoint in ARIC [HR: 1.65 (1.21-2.26)] but not in CHS [HR: 1.05 (0.69-1.61)]. In ARIC, the addition of current smoking did not improve risk prediction over and above the CHA2DS2-VASc. No significant associations were observed with alcohol consumption or BMI with CVD outcomes in AF patients from either cohort. Smoking is associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke or CV death in ARIC, which comprised mostly middle-aged to young-old (65-74 years), but not in CHS, which comprised mostly middle-old or oldest-old (≥75 years) adults with AF. However, addition of smoking to the CHA2DS2-VASc score did not improve risk prediction of these outcomes.</p>
DOI10.1371/journal.pone.0147065
Alternate JournalPLoS ONE
PubMed ID26756465
PubMed Central IDPMC4710457
Grant ListHL102214 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States
R01AG023629 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States
R21 AG042660 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States
T32-HL069764 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States
U01HL080295 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States